A vaccine is being our vaccine. Our oral color vaccine is given to companies to, make without any benefit i. B. I. , our goal is to Impact Global health. And, and if we can do that in any way possible, then weve accomplished our mission. Well, you mention the Gates Foundation, their Research Suggests that global cova debts will double of high Income Countries by up to the 1st 2000000 doses of any successful vaccine. Do you agree with so thats a great study and weve been using it to advocate for something called codex. The kovacs cicelys is an organization under the leadership of the World Health Organization set, b. And gabby 192. 00 countries signed on to get 2000000000 doses of vaccine w. H. O. Approved vaccine by the end of 2021. And it will be given to the countries that are part of the facility, not how can 192 of them roughly 20 percent of their needs for now. And thats actually really important because its never been the case before that innovative Vaccine Technology has made its way from the laboratory, through the clinic, through a big Multinational Corporation or a Chinese Company or an indian company. And then out into Global Health it at roughly the same time that its available in the United States, u. K. And europe. So in a sense, kovacs is a victory for those people who believe in multilateralism in transparency, you know, unfortunately there are 2 big standouts from kovacs. Its the United States and this and russia. Unfortunately, they should join. Well, its interesting that neither of those 2 countries do, and both of those countries obviously have those vaccines. But if you know nothing about vaccines, not as much as you do and youre sitting here watching this, and youre looking at this rocketing share prices of for profit. Pharmaceutical companies have the same time. You see that the richest countries in the, well, the buying hundreds of millions of doses of these vaccines specially in the context of that gates research. I, you know, had me worried that what you were doing isnt going to be enough to stop all the successful vaccines being taken by the rich of us is the poor. So i think that thats a very interesting analysis. And if you look at the total number of doses that the high Income Countries, but also india and brazil have purchased, its about 8800000000 doses are in excess of what they need. So what you, when you really look at it, there are a number of contracts and there are preorders contingent orders. So how that will play out in the end . Were not sure. But the more important point i think here is that kodaks intends to purchase 2000000000. 00 doses, and those doses will be provided to everyone and what cannot paper the Gates Foundation paper you quoted says, is that if the 1st 2000000000. 00 dose are taken without any consideration of equity, then there will be a doubling of go global covert deaths. Hence the reason why kovacs needs to be successful needs to be fully funded, needs to be funded beyond the 1st year into the 2nd year. I mean, this is the, the benefit of working together. I mean, i think the u. N. Secretary general says that no one safe until everyone safe. And thats exactly the premise of kovacs and endless. Oh, of course people have me taking heat of a lot of things that turn you could see as we saying that one global season. But the rich countries presumably can say to you, ok, we understand that where as strong is the most vulnerable. But actually its the rich countries that i mean hit hardest just proportionally i was speaking to you from a country with 70000 excess deaths since covent was 1st detected. You know, its, and its been an interesting and very sad thing to watch. But i think you have to remember that, you know, brazil and india are necessarily the wealthiest countries and they actually have a significant death toll or story number of infections and a significant number of deaths as well. You know, i think the one thing that kobe teaches us is, is that this virus, like all viruses, will find those weak points in our defense. And we really need and should be working together in this Global Pandemic to help each other. Whether its, you know, p. P. Masks and gloves, whether its a vaccine solution, whether its, you know, reaching out to countries to help them understand what the burden of covert is. And once we have the vaccine, its taking that vaccine from wherever its manufactured, to wherever it can be, wherever its needed, in a way that will reduce the global burden of code. That is the most important thing. And you know, if we can pitch together to do this, if we can convince the United States russia, i mean, the other countries that have already started to find the kovacs mechanism to work together. Maybe we can make this happen and it would be an amazing, it would be really like the time the us. And then the soviet union got together and decided they were going to eliminate smallpox and they did. The 1st viral disease eliminated through international cooperation. We really do need to emphasize the benefit in a Global Pandemic of working together. And yes, you know, the operation works. Beef funded companies, the seti funded companies have done very well. Remember seppi funded modern so this is the coalition for epidemic preparedness. And he had to switch, and yet the share prices going up for private shareholders, let alone the hedge funds that have invested it in medan, i dont to provide so now the context for our view is in countries affected by previous coronaviruses. Why is it that when there was this push for a coded 19 vaccine, we got to say ming li within months. And yet, when we had, when we had previous coronaviruses research funding, dried up, which presumably might have made this vaccine in the reserves a much quicker this to have. So im not sure, you know, every, every new pathogen requires a new Vaccine Development effort and all the vaccines are different. I think, with co, that we benefited actually from the ebola crisis. So during the bowler crisis, it proceeded exactly as youd expect. There was, you know, an outbreak people got very worried, Television Cameras zoomed in on the problem and in west africa, governments, you know, president obama called up, you know, the heads of the companies and said, hey, can you help us . They, they did, they dropped everything they got, you know, so things started and all of a sudden the pandemic started to wait, which is typical, you know, by the time we get all geared up to make a vaccine, the epidemic, if its on the wane and itself out unlike ok, i read about it and, but, you know, luckily, merck, which is one of the big pharmaceutical companies, actually succeeded in testing a vaccine during the outbreak. And that vaccine was remarkably effective. And now other companies have done so as well. And again, so in bhola work, but what everyone realised was that this is not the way to handle a pandemic. So they got together and they found it sappy the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations, which dedicates itself to making vaccines for operate diseases. So within 2 weeks of the 8, you know, announcement of the sequence for corona virus or a Novel Coronavirus not covert. 19 seppi have started Funding Companies like moderna like a no vo like cure back to start vaccine manufacturing, start Vaccine Research and development. And so by, you know, the middle of march, we actually had a vaccine in a human being. So the world learned from the lesson of a bowl, a lesson that it hadnt learned during previous outbreaks. And, you know, this again is the benefit of multilateralism. The 1400000000 dollars that seppi put into this really help to Jumpstart Research and development. I should just say, you know, i should just say the British Health minister mag oxide. Modena, wasnt selling vaccines overseas. I was keeping it within the United States. This is disputed then when the European Union vote on 160000000 doses. Now the u. K. Has bought 5000000 sense. But as far as youre seeing it, these vaccines are being equally shed out amongst the worlds most medias populations. So i dont, i dont actually, you know, at this point, you know, we have 3 vaccines that have been effective for, i think, 2 months, highly effective. You know, all of them are over 90 percent africas. Their efficacy is over 90 percent. They appear to be safe again with 2 months worth of data. So are these, the vaccines that will be effective for 6 months in 12 months . We hope so, but do we know that . No, we dont. I mean, when youre where were thinking about these axioms, its very exciting. Its an important proof of concept for our navy accedes. And for vaccines for covert 19. And it holds out hope that a vaccine solution will be available, actually fairly shortly. For some, you know, theyre not very many doses, yet theyre nothing like a 16000000000 doses that we need. Means that the zone estimate is that, you know, given current global capacity for vaccine manufacturing, it may be 2024 before theres enough vaccine to vaccinate all the people who need to be vaccinated. I think, you know, we hope that with adequate funding. Kovacs, a silly he and other multilateral efforts will be able to encourage production and distribute vaccine at low or no cost just very briefly. And i know that you say that moscow airing and social distancing will need to continue. Nevertheless, despite all this news, just very briefly, thats not bad enough. Coronavirus just tell me what the prospect of the microbial resistance may be in developing and developed countries. I understand it can make coronavirus look like nothing. Yes, thats, you know, agile microbial resistance is looming. And it comes from, you know, poor use of antibiotics, the use of antibiotics in animal feed. There are lots of Different Reasons why antibiotic resistance is increasing. It could be 10000000 deaths a year by 2050, and 100 trillion dollars in cost to the economy. We need to start developing new antibiotics. We need to start encouraging good stewardship of antibiotics, good use of antibiotics. And there are, you know, we also know that for certain diseases, if we develop vaccines, we can use them against antibiotic resistant microorganism. So its a combined approach and you know, for instance, the United Kingdom has a large program, the fleming find, which is dedicated to try and understand and help other countries around the world understand what the potential threat from anti micro resistance is. And another group of organizations, the welcome trust, the Gates Foundation and founded card decks, which is designed to help companies, especially small companies, develop Vaccine Solutions for anti microbial resistant organisms. So yes, absolutely. We need to start planning and we need to thwart something before it becomes such a large problem that you know, were going to have to dig ourselves out of another huge hole. Dr. Germ can thank you. After the break, Mental Health issues proving more deadly as a result of the current pandemic than coronavirus itself. We also have a Mental Health about a year thats tested, the psychology of humanity on the ground. It seems wrong to shape out and engage the trail. Find themselves worlds apart to look for Common Ground or yours will pull you out of the mouth of the sea and what about and i didnt do it will always be the good is it also helps home on a punishing me keep it or dont or dont let you keep company with you through keep on going about them have the gum and the money my time because im not bad with the internet, but oh, november bit. If i say rise of them, theyre down to like about it. And it is about because theres plenty of survival guide, books tasting, just like all the stores simply have to travel all the servants to be sure its still there. Are you going to get it back . Oh, heck, no. One says a repatriation skink. Forget the rest is 7 years until of the separate cars, kaiser report with nothing really settled, some of trumps enemies want, the president and his supporters to be a price for the past 4 years and good skin rumors of war as trump tries to bring troops home some say instead of want to start a war welcome back, suicide rates and depression in the u. K. Have been steadily rising in certain age groups in recent years. Now the u. K. Center for Mental Health charity predicts that up to 10000000, people in england alone will need new or additional Mental Health support as a direct consequence of the current i spend democrat and i want to stand by the issues in this next interview in britain who contact the n. G. O. S to below, but im joined now by the center for health c. E. O. Sarah hughes, whos here in london. Sarah, thanks so much have coming on the x. Un. Robyn taffeta boston already said that the bank a bailout austerity since 2008 of the cameron and may, governments created and born a demand for Mental Health services. Whats been the effect of coronavirus . I think its fair to say that the Mental Health of the nation is incredibly vulnerable. You know, they look down, it creates a huge isolation. Children are not going to School Families in how long periods of time and employment has become incredibly vulnerable. Access to Services Change that people couldnt get a usual kind of supports and Community Connections as they might have done. So i think people have really struggled to make sense of whats happened and that will inevitably continue. Tell me what you wrote to Health Secretary here in britain, matt hancock. Well, so weve been talking to the government for some time about, you know, how can we both mitigate some of the issues that are emerging in response to the pandemic. But also i think about investment that we need now and ask her of the government is really to make sure that Mental Health issues arent sized as we go forwards. Weve previously so that, you know, were not just talking about health, were talking about social care, how seeing welfare. So weve asked to do that. And now were asking them to prioritise Mental Health of the nation. So ive joined 18 of the chief exam tips to make that ask clear and central to policy making going forward. So Mental Health service is one prioritizing the fast wave of coronavirus hamburger. Well, i think its fair to say that, you know, i am the pandemic in the 1st wave was, you know, a crisis, you know, this is a natural disaster. And so the response was very much about how do we contain the virus as it was around the world. And so, Mental Health services, while we saw, needs and increase, we didnt see demand increases. That was because people didnt feel comfortable using their usual rates to access services, so i refer as went down and so on. But that didnt mean to say that people were not experiencing mental distress. Maybe people can recognize that there will be an impact on Mental Health services, but your model apparently shows that in england, possibly 20 percent among men will suffer from Mental Health issues because of the pandemic. How did you arrive at that kind of figure . So we are a reset your organization and we add allies to research that taken all of the world. We used Historical Data at data that we know exists in relation to specific conditions. So for instance, we know that if you are somebody who has experienced intensive care because of the virus, you are more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder. So as a result, you know, that, you know, 10000 people have been in intensive care, youre able to multiple the number of people who they feel might need at Mental Health support. As a result of that, you know, counting every single passenger tencent. Have well, well, yes you, i mean you, you rich, you reduce and take a proportion of those people who are winning tens of k. At portion of those will inevitably experience a traumatic response to that scenario. Now, yeah, im sure you know about the controller see how over the procurement of services during his coronavirus pandemic. In particular, Mental Health, prek. Ormont, presuming the government will say to you, great, its a bonanza, then for private psychiatry and private Mental Health providers. Thats what coronavirus has catalyzed and i think that that commissioning of services is a really complex area for Health Policy in the u. K. We have and mixed economy. And so, you know, private providers come forward and often can make the best Business Case to get 0 or a kind of particular process. What were discovering now and hence, theyre the kind of approach we want to take forward is very much working with local communities. Local provider has said that we can ensure there is a much more equitable approach. But of course, private organizations will still have some role in how services are delivered that we, we are trying to address the balance. I mean, are you really that out of the main run public health, englands being abolished anyway . I mean, what do you, what do you expect to happen . You know, that Simon Stevens used to, hes the boss of the n. H. S. See him when he was a big director of a United Health group had by so many different scandals who is a going to be an ideological approach to Mental Health care. I dont think that there is an ideological approach. I think what were trying to do is really think about Mental Health in the context of peoples lives, where they add reproach. Sensor is very much about equality in Mental Health, really making sure that people have the best chance at the earliest opportunity. And so that south means working closely with all Government Policies to make sure that their policies are really cute. Swards giving people have yes chance. And so that includes focusing on education communities, not just health because of course, you know, health care is arnie a small part of peoples lives. Its their families, its, they work places. Its the faith groups that we really need to think about is as part of this Mental Health landscape. Is there a bit of a conflict . Your center correlates inequality went Mental Health issues and the need for and quality as regards Mental Health and the gold rush for private psychiatry and private Mental Health services and their conflict. Well, i mean, certainly we engage in sort of, you know, we dont deliver services as an organization real stepping back for more of them. You know, hes out in that we do need to mixed economy in terms of service delivery. Within that, youre quite right to say there are many conflicts that exists to try and resolve the issue because its a Mental Health, which is why were trying to surface them really. And that includes the things, as you described, commission, it includes the way we use dates. It includes the way we make decisions at like level. So i think its a complex picture, but there are many conflicts that we have to disentangle, to make sense of it. I mean, he wouldnt blame a highly conservative party. They all believe in meritocracy, which requires inequality. And yet your center is producing reports, showing a correlation between inequality and Mental Health. Whats a handsome patches going on it . This be truth of it is, is that Mental Health is it is in some instances, not all a direct response to inequality, deprivation, and social determinants. And so we need, you know, very much want to work people, governments around having a much more critical courage to policy in decision making. But thats not going to happen the night is. So we cant say we would say its more, right. And its parts that you need to down all of your private contracts. Then we know that our service landscape, which would fall apart really because weve built on a mixed economy. And so to really shift that is going to take some time. But there is an appetite for it, there is an appetite to develop services as a local level. So i think were working together on a, on a strategy that is probably going to take a decade to see through in the very least. And given these connections are there, and the coronavirus are disproportionately affects the sensor economically vulnerable, you expect then the Mental Health issues to increase as people lose their jobs and so on. Yes, im afraid thats the case. And this is a global phenomenon. You know, when the recession happens, you know, we absolutely sorting crease in suicides and around the world. And so, you know, we know that we have not seen it increase in suicides so far. And thats been, you know, in response to a number of initiatives that have been going on the case some time. But we also know that some of the biggest consequences are yet to come. And i mean, theres so many issues the prison service, let alone. I mean you, your center has produced reports talking about racism the ages tonight, the logical elements of Mental Health issues. I mean, has his in so many other Mental Health issues actually potentially going to be worse than the issue of coronavirus per se . I think thats a really good question. And i think that we are asking that question all around the world right now. I think this is an issue that were going to have to tackle because the impact of the pandemic has been across the world. And all of us are, you know, were all in the same ration and whilst were not in the same by so i think we can really try and think about how the pandemic have an impact grammars vulnerable, what the long time Mental Health impacts will be. But weve really got trying to stand that basically, this is long term that some of the Mental Health, you know, implications may not be felt for some time. And so weve got to maintain vigilance for the foreseeable future. I think its a serious issue. And one that every leader around the world must attend to. And how can we trust the data . I mean, suicide statistics show that has been a trend down from 2011. Why, how do you assess the current suicide risk area . In britain we havent done anything on the figures, it has since coronavirus, but they in the past year as well. I mean, i think we have got right so that we havent experienced an increase in serious saeeds this year and comparatively, to last year. So we have to look back, dates are in and colleagues have released that in the last few weeks. And as i say that we know that the Economic Impact may not be felt deeply for at least another year, although its already significance. So, you know, its too early to say what the impact on syrias side will be, and, you know, weve done a huge amount work, communicate secret back data. So i think its, its robust. But of course time will tell. And the effect on president s and, you know, i think he again, you know, you raise another really important point. You know, prisons in the u. K. Are under pressure like most Public Services are. But there are huge plans to pace, you know, ensure that people are divested from custody, but will say, gets riopelle rehabilitation support while they are in custody. So things are happening and im not underestimating the scale of the challenge because there is huge amounts of inequality in prisons that we need to tackle quite gently. And thats it for the show will be back on wednesday when you get jobs there. Issues or not . Because you do announce the state of british finances off of the u. K. Boris johnson, government and isles, to 16000000000 pound increase in military spending during a Global Pandemic until then join the underground by following up on your trip facebook. Instagram. In fact, around the world is driven by shaped by one person who dares thinks we dare to ask them what i want them that what i call go out or yours will put you out of the gate open ended mouth. And then what about and i didnt do it will always be the good. Is it off the shelf home on a profitable would be a little deeper that i dont know, dont let you come up with to do good on genyen. Not about the how i live and im mad at them and the minimum time because im not bad with the internet, but oh, november creative i say dies on their genitals writing about on it, but ill be all beings as it is about its been decades since the fall of spains fascist regime, but old wounds still havent healed of them thought it was pretty famous. Because for me, from a girl do you are to me on the bus at us. Its mean older than us and they seem close, which we know cells of newborn babies were torn from their mothers and given away and forced adoption that only feaster to this day mothers still search for grown children. Well, look in hope for their birth parents. Russia flams, americas decision to pull out of the open skies. Treaty accusing washington of previously having only feigned commitment to western allies have also criticized the move off of this hour in attacks. And that with a rare muscle disease comes to brush the treatment. After being told back home, he would never walk again. Alan spencer shares his story exclusively with r. T. We used to use this all the time, but it was severe absolutely necessary. Plus as us states roll out