European communist regimes that was decision he took in june and which he announced to the german chancellor helmut kohl at the time and all the events that we remember now the jangling of keys in Wenceslas Square in prague the the torch is the candlelight the songs and so on all that was nothing but operetta it was political operetta it was froth on the tidal wave of history but it was not the cause of the tidal wave of history the cause im afraid was much more basic and much more realistic it was the decision as i say of the soviet union no longer to support. Those regimes and once the support of moscow had been withdrawn they collapsed so it was not the triumph of people in the streets of berlin or whatever it was instead of just 2 political decision taken by moscow which had the inevitable consequences that we know about ok now you only lighted the human is and fell ok i did as i say this notice that harold was disagreeing with you go ahead errol then washington yeah i really do think it has much deeper roots it has roots that go back into the 1950 s. And 1960 s. But for me that really transformational story was that papacy of john paul the 2nd. Mobilization you saw the demonstration of millions of poll. People really united against against the regime and from that moment on. The regime lacked any legitimacy in addition to that theres a systematic economic failure and its not the gorbachev is dealing with stuff that gorbachev has to respond. The basic sentiment is there in the streets of force or its a bear in the streets of prague and its very very clear i think im ok i think its completely wrong i think of it as well. Ok but harold i agree i spent a lot of time in poland and one thing on jay on jeff hang on one thing is that i would tend to agree that maybe kind of split the difference with john here is that i think i know that there was a lot of people were disgruntled with the political and Economic System they had in poland many were that is true ok but the pappas the of john paul the 2nd United People and what they didnt like it wasnt where they wanted to go that was very unclear that there wasnt even a glimmer in anyones eye of where they should go they just didnt know what they did they didnt know what they didnt like jeff uncorked jumpin a lot well i would have a lot of Different Things they say and again i think weve got a we had a time delay go ahead jack i liked might be ok maybe yes go ahead well i agree agree to a certain extent with both john and with highroad yes i agree i agree with joe on that goal which i hope was a factor in 1000 when the globe which of theres no theres no peoples revolution in 1009 in the center of i dont agree with you on that goal which will pull the rug from under the east coast European Congress route regimes or at least that was the intention go to chelsea intention was to save the comic book to save communities and to revitalize it and what he was trying to do was to encourage east European Congress leaders to actually to do the necessary reforms on the other hand its not just about gold which of the dead was a College Basketball uprising in various countries in Eastern Europe and that mass uprising that peoples revolution was critical in pushing events in the. Direction such like said i agree. With my roots yes i was to the fact is is to go but youll fuck the revolution from above is led by cold which of and is the revolution from below that comes from the street ok and you go ahead. Thanks i mean obviously its difficult to discuss such big issues in the short term needed for television the reason why i said what i said is that on the 13th of june 1909 gorbachev effectively told helmut kohl that he the soviet union would not oppose german reunification that the communication of that information to coal in the gardens of the federal chancellor a says it all because once the soviet union let it be known to west germany that it would not oppose east german rain if occasion then the entire house of cards could only collapse of course they were popular discontent i would never dream of suggesting otherwise and i certainly didnt suggest otherwise what i would say though to harold james is that those previous expressions of popular discontent including in poland was suppressed by force they were suppressed by force in berlin in 1953 in prague in 1968 in budapest 956 and in poland in 1901 we all know that the decision was taken by gorbachev to stop that policy to abandon the british doctrine and once he did that the whole thing unraveled and that seems to me to be the cause of everything you hear all the want to respond to there go ahead. Yes i mean i do think that is right there was a moment we know when the east german regime was considering using force and we had after all the example of chairman square behind them they were explicitly prohibited from doing by the by the soviet union by mr gorbachev and so that is indeed important but i do think you really have to think that by that stage its really too late there is an enormous amount thats just going on on the street and actually i wanted to disagree a little bit peter with what you said before that there wasnt a plan for what to do in the middle of the 1980 s. And 185 Solidarity Office in brussels the solid brussels. I wrote to the International Monetary fund but they wanted a plan for the reconstruction of poland along the lines proposed by lesser parts are over its so the discussion of the reform theres been well documented after 1900 it was already being discussed well ok well where only very important given harold with all due respect i mean solidarity wasnt a monolithic thing even in the 1980 s. There were a lot of different solidarity is for sure ok absolutely ok absolutely of course i mean any Political Party any Political Movement is a coalition of Different Things and you know there was a catholic element to rid of a very very strong powerful absolutely as a liberal and a mentor that ok you know what this kind of easily dovetails so my question for jeff uncork i mean if given. The childs mindset in 1909 i think all of us probably at the time thought there would be some kind of reform communism because thats what got to chop was talking about for the soviet union itself and i think thats what really caught all of us every single one of us off guard because you cant have a little bit of this of a little bit of bad and its either one or the other jeff. That was very much that was the intention was Reform Congress and also it was the intention that a lot of the activists who were leading these mr must demonstrations in the prague and other places thats the way they saw the future as well and its where a lot of outside observers saw the future now we know what happened that there was no real incomes and communism collapsed but you know because that happened to me to say that was inevitable at the time there were lots of all kinds of different possible political futures and so on and i dont accept that you know once you once resolve the same motion once called the job to get the only outcome of the outcome of the happen which is a complete collapse and the introduction of this new look. I dont believe thats a look at the rule kinds of possibilities that. What happened was amount of political choices lots of different political choices including choices will make the job by western leaders but you know the people on the ground in europe as well ok well johnny but then again the actual existing socialism im going back to graduate school here i mean it was very totalistic its either one thing or another its not like how do we you know its like the further perfecting of communism a mile that kind of. Language which has it really make any sense ok and i didnt believe in thinking it through a reformed reforming actual existing socialism was possible if you cant you cant reform it it has to go down. Yes i think thats right i think you can be any more half communist than you can be half pregnant and the subsequent history of the soviet union itself of course showed this because as we know the forces which gorbachev unleashed ended up destroying the soviet the communist party of the soviet union in the soviet union itself so i agree with that i also think that today just as in a comment about russia in the today common to present day russia western commentators focus only on the liberal opposition they never focus on the nationalist opposition or of the communist opposition so they have a totally liberal interpretation of the coming down of the berlin wall the coming down of the berlin wall was of course the physical barrier which divided the german capital and therefore the german nation and so it did have an Important National content and the same applied to some extent for the other countries of Eastern Europe although of course as we know the iron curtain itself came up again in june john not really junk. Holiness hold that thought were going to go to a short break and after that short break well continue our discussion on the fall of the berlin wall stay with me. Thousands of american men and women choose to serve in the countrys military and the decision. Every song came to a complete. The day that i was raped be instructed you know told to shut up kill me and i see how destroyed my life any screamed at me and he made me come in the gram my own arm and he write me with his birth think if you take into account that women dont report because of the extreme retaliation its probably somewhere near about half a 1000000 women have now been sexually assaulted in the us military rape is a very very traumatizing tat happen but ive never seen trauma like ive seen women who are veterans who have suffered military sexual trauma reporting rape is more likely to get the victim punished dont be offended i had an almost 10 year career or chose very invested in and i gave a sex offender who was not even put to justice or put on the registry this is simply an issue of tower and violence male sexual predators for the large part of target whoever is there to prey upon whether thats a man or woman. The world is driven by shaped by one person with those words. The day theres things. We dare to ask. Somebody. Let me see yes. I was on the floor. Some things in my basket of you know trying praying. Just call me when im with. My Constitutional Rights probably once time theres time for western thought worms i was having chilling fever i didnt have any sense of snakes so smelled. Most young women. Would you. Recently she goes on the old days you do. Not want simon to song around the word search. I have heard an. Illusion myself how close are they for me in the 5 years ago to. Go. We go to work so you straight home. Time after time called her ration to repeat the same mantra sustainability its very important its accelerating the transition to sustainable transport sustainability stay in her manner the more equitable and sustainable well. They claim their production is completely hamas. You dumbass. Companies want us to feel good about buying their products while the damage is being done far away and this is something ill just keep pointing even as im skipping the sun moves and news let me do me man im strong theme that may be best understood look to what is going. On. Welcome back to crossfire were all things are considered im Peter Lavelle to remind you were discussing the fall of the berlin wall 30 years ago. Ok john i had to go to a hard break there are you back on would you like to finish your point go ahead so what i was saying was that they could fall of the berlin wall obviously physically symbolize the reunification of germany and the liberation of the nations of Central Europe but why. It really was if you like even more so than the collapse of a physical barrier was the collapse of communism itself as a governing ideology and as i said earlier we know that the collapse of that ideology ended up in golf in the soviet union itself what this collapse allowed western liberals to do is to do what trotsky originally did back in the in 1920 s. Which was to prevent soviet communism as purely an expression of russian imperialism and nothing else and to make an obstruction if you like of the whole communist ideology the whole marxist ideology which they the todays liberals the intellectuals who in the in the cold war in western europe and the United States had supported lets never forget that marxism was extremely alive and well in western universities throughout the entire period of the cold war still with a sort of revisionist leisure demo its now presented it still is its now pretty the berlin wall of the collapse of the berlin wall is now presented as nothing but the collapse of a russian empire when in fact it was the collapse of a marxist ideological empire and that to me is the is the most important thing that we must remember i think the critical years later harold to our reflect upon that thats very interesting. Id like to. Go ahead and i agree. I agree that it was the collapse of the communist idea and absolutely right i remember these discussions in east berlin in 1990 and early 1990 when people discuss the 3rd way and whether the world turned there were formal turnitin and then there was a very powerful line the 3rd way is just a way into the 3rd world its a way to backwardness and you had a model of yugoslavia which was obviously not soviet style communism. In some ways it was held up as an example of how you can do reform. Via failed us miserably it is the surrogate. Experiment failed but then it also was i think you have to think of that also historically that this is the result of 945 and. If you think of what happens in poland what happens in hungary what happens im sure slovak here its the result of soviet power and the story of communism in poland or hungary is not simply a nature of movement this is taken over. Because of the military presence of the soviet union jeff we have a time delay im sorry for that let me lets go to jeff now we go to jeff. Yeah. Peter im a bit surprised the extent to which you buy into the western liberal trunkless narrative is im not im a plotline im not you still there is no no no theres actually a well let me finish my but thats actually existing socialism is either one thing or the other then you actually cant explain what happened in 1909 because to resolve the impetus which i each kind from weaving common dismissals. From from from something. You know you talk about you know the end of the communist idea well people said that in relation to china i mean what they will society in 1990 was that china will be next chinese commies in the full was not the case we still have a communist regime in china dont we and we have a situation where the people are talking about china becoming the most powerful actor in the little so how does that fit in with this kind of like trying not to try out the place where they listen and learn or you come and i think ok i did i would i would love i think i would love the answer that i have to say honey i hang on here id love to answer that but i want to hear my guess 1st because i have a bone to pick with you jeff but im going to go to harold 1st go ahead. So i mean i think if you think you want to what happened in china of course its its a communist party in china but whats happened is a completely different kind of evolution than the evolution of the soviet union and an adoption since the early 1980 s. Of market principles. And so the really the creation of a tremendous find dynamism that comes from the. Liberation of people in the economic sphere so theres a lot of Economic Freedom obviously on the political side theres a one party state but in in terms of economic dynamism thats where it comes from it doesnt come from old style Central Planning and in the soviet model ok well let me go to john here and i kind of want to address what jeff had to say here because i hate to. I could just get very quick just get here very quickly can i just get it very quickly peter one quick point one quick point yes what im trying to get away from here is just kind of what i can essentially is kind of view of history what happened was a matter of historical contingency what only so all kinds of different outcomes are possible and we can see that now because at the time everyone said triumph of the west front of liberalism democracy would we say thats the case now we have you not. Just now is that were democrats now we want what are you with us are you saying history into the year ok let me go to john here and i think it will answer jeffs concerns with my questions now with look at 30 years later in Eastern Europe and you have a lot of people in these former communist countries that are not very happy with neo liberalism you can look in poland you can look at hungry you can look elsewhere all through the former eastern bloc im directing this question for jeff but i want john dancer it. I think youre slightly tilting at windmills because i think other peter ryan also the herald defenders of western liberalism or western liberal fairytales now what i was trying to say earlier is that the collapse of the berlin wall is of course a physical event but what it and what it showed was the liberation of east 1st east berlin as east germans Eastern European saw but it was also the liberation of russians and of soviet citizens from the same communist dictatorship which had by then collapsed or was in the process of collapsing and the revisionism that i was referring to in my earlier answer is the revisionism to say that the communist regime in Eastern Europe which is how james of course rightly says was imposed through soviet force that that regime was somehow the domination of russians over czechs and germans and poles and so on it was not that it was an ideology minister ideology over all those people equally and so the. Liberty if it came came just as much to the russians as it did to the east germans and everyone else liberty which like all the party comes with a price and risk thats what liberty is and of course yes not least because of the abuses of western power the abuses of neo liberalism yes of course plenty of people in particular i would say in hungary actually more so than poland i dont know perhaps you know better than i do of course theyre disappointed with it but i dont think that those disappointment should cause us to forget the very real tyranny under which people lived both in the soviet union and in Eastern Europe as a result of marxism i did oh i agree with that heraldry reflected by now because we do have a. Major differences apparently on this program go ahead harold. Yes i mean i think if you just look at the results. You do when you look back over the 30 years you can see really substantial increases in wellbeing so if you take objective indicate. Mortality. Life expectancy. The health of the population life is just simply got better for people in central and Eastern Europe. Dramatic improvement theyve got a wider access to health care its a really very very impressive ok minute ok but harold theres something thats happening i think you should theres something more than Economic Indicators ok so how would you do explain the rise of populism and nationalism in Eastern Europe i think it is a region it is a reaction in many ways a rejection of neo liberalism ok because the communist period put a put into deep freeze a lot of ideas in Eastern Europe and probably ideas that should have been frozen ok but now with the end of communist rule in Eastern Europe youre seeing it come up again and and the e. U. And new liberalism is not answering all those needs. Economic indicators isnt enough i mean we live more we need more than just bread ok that was the whole point of the question. Were there but people do need a basic. Measure of existence and that was really problematic if you look in the 1980 s. Their Life Expectancy was very low there were more deaths because of cancer more deaths because of heart attacks more deaths because of violence and that all changed in the 1990 s. So it does seem to me to indicate not just the kind of as you ok well you know but it doesnt really really but its been proven it doesnt answer my question though why is there why is there the rise of these populist. Nationalist movement and rejection of the neo liberal model imposed upon them from brussels jeff you are a perfect person to answer this one its absolutely not imposed by brought. In well i want to sound dont want you to have to disagree on it russell says its about something completely different what the plan is you know how do you know youre welcome to think well have to disagree on that ok we have to disagree and jeff jump in but pizza doesnt put the pipe to plan i would like to make is this is the liberal western capitalism is not just been challenged by nationally some populists its also been challenge from the left as well you know theres actually been a revolt point of socialism in socialist thinking and socialist movements yes so d we have what with. This i did with 989 the whole communist socialist project and then that was a strips of and the future was all liberal and complex in the west and thats turned out not not not to be true in the future is very much open at the moment and im one of the put the possibilities and its very likely but more realistic and that is you know something some kind of you know. Every visiting of different forms of socialist such as developing the such is the approaches to the resolution of the economic problem so you know i dont think you know 99 percent at the end of so shes ok. Its certainly what you made certainly it certainly wasnt the end of history we were as we were told last 30 seconds go to you john go ahead. You know i dont think the sense of National Identity was put in the deep freeze on the communism in hungary and poland and elsewhere i think on the contrary it was i would say almost reinforced by communism in reaction against it thats where thats how the hunger in the polls to 5 and so when the. Communist regime disappeared thats what was left it was such a deep freeze it was probably fascinating point sale most hell i run out of time we went into a fascinating note from john but weve now run out of time many thanks to my guests in paris washington and in cork and thanks to our viewers for watching us here r. C. C. You next time and remember cross talk deals. When i was still seemed wrong. But i. Just dont. Get to see how this day comes to cancel. And in again because the trail. When something is find themselves worlds apart we choose to look for common ground. Yes. We can prove. Shit out. Here definitely walking into words all in all we no longer know what were walking into. March. What she needs to break she. Who shakes but also 6 or so. Thousands of american men and women choose to serve in the countrys military and the decision lotos shouted lives every song came to a complete. The day that i was right to be instructed here you know told to shut up but theyd kill me and i see how it destroyed my life any screamed at me and he made me come in and you graham my arm and he write me with his birthing area if you take into account that women dont report because of the extreme retaliation and its probably somewhere near about half a 1000000 women have now been sexually assaulted in the us military rape is a very very traumatizing thing to have happen but ive never seen trauma like ive seen women who are veterans who have suffered military sexual trauma reporting rape is more likely to get the victim punished dont be offended i had an almost 10 year career which i was very invested in and i gave that up to report a sex offender who was not even put to justice or put on the registry this is simply an issue of power and violence male sexual predators for the large part of target whoever is there to prey upon whether thats a man or woman. Russian Prime Minister tests positive for corona virus the announcement was made during a video call with president vladimir putin. Also nearly half of all people around the world could lose their jobs on the back of cope with the warning coming from u. N. Experts to look at whether the pandemic is the sole reason for a wave of global unemployment. And headed for additional may day protests germany rules allowing public demonstrations despite the threat of coronavirus in the streets not social distancing no could face arrest