So again risen ski hudden planned on becoming an astronaut having only a chosen biochemistry and viral journey as is calling in 2017 he became the worlds 1st scientist to serve as commander of an International Space mission he spent 305 days in orbit and 27 hours in open space hes also a passionate photographer traveling welcome to sophie co visionaries me Sophie Shevardnadze so scientific discoveries and technological advances are moving us closer to the stars but what does the future of space travel hold for us well i guess todays a russian astronaut and biochemist city. Hi sergei so good to have you as our guest today so ok let me start from this when i was a kid im just reading this amazing if i were everything was built on a promise that me and my generation growing up would be flying off to mars and moon and over interstellar travel is and then i grew up and it turned out that my future is here in a Smartphone Research of Artificial Intelligence genome editing everything here on earth and nothing there closer to the stars what happened why didnt this amazing classes of 5 predictions come true. It is a whole lot cheaper than a space flight. Anyone on earth can have a small. But only a few chosen ones get to go to space. Perhaps its more important to improve Living Standards on earth 1st. And then go on to beyond it anyway were moving towards that future. And well get back to the moon and then well make it to mars. But youre saying that its expensive so my next question. Why dont we have a rovers that are able to collect pretty much any useful information that we would need from outer space on earth why do we need to send humans to space and not talk about Space Tourism pay money to actually send people there. After i did skis an automated station can only provide answers to questions that its been programs to answer. As a human on the i assess he is able to discover new things. He can make adjustments to an experiment and update a program. The technology needed for them to survive in outer space will follow them back home. And it can then be used here on earth. To help ordinary people in their daily lives. So you are a scientist 1st and foremost and youre a 1st scientist to actually be the captain of the crew which is amazing and youre saying that astronauts cosmonauts should be actually intellectually well equipped they should be ready for all different kinds of situations and its better if there are scientists so you know in sports kids start to prepare from very young ages to become. Professional sports man do you think something similar should be done with astronauts and hospitals i mean should there be like a special preparation in all fields for a person who is supposed to go up in space. Boys any astronaut or regardless of their basic education. Becomes a one man army have. To speak by the end of their training. On your side and they become all round experts who can basically do just about anything at all is that i get the itch i suppose it would be hard to prepare people for that kind of work in advance or so however i do think we should invite professionals to lead to the certain level of education preferably with a ph d. Because that shows that a person is able to analyze and process data. And then we train them to become all round the experts who said so i always thing 2 months of what happens if once youre in space you have a health issue for instance youre up and decide is opens up like will the crew be able to perform and up and act in the new isnt like something that youre trained for before you go. Fully prepared for any contingency your emergency as to where paul is to get the boy with fully prepared for other things but i would be able to resolve any situation. Many emergencies require experience. While i must admit that i had to provide 1st aid to some of my colleagues and ones on my missions and it was hard on them as i know its one thing to try it on a plastic dummy list when you kin totally different when youre dealing with a real human being who is in pain and could actually die in them or that by giving that but we do have decent medical care. Of course the i. S. A. s remains in contact with Ground Control and 99 percent of the time. Has it ever happened to you that you physically have to same someone up and. What can you tell me an example is it a secret this is. Classified classified information ok wow im really impressed so i know that 0 g. Causes muscle atrophy its also bad for your bones if youre up there for too long what other negative attacks can suffer from if youre in open space too much. 1st of all obviously. The redistribution of body fluids that. Can be replenished but it significant. Generally when using any of its systems they started almost instantly which is amazing in terms of how. As soon as you stop reading books you start losing neural connections. When you dont work your muscles we can. Really function any positive. On health i mean on human body we havent noticed any seriously because i was thinking you know we hear people on earth are so caught up in our routine that we are very tense and its very hard to get like a good massage and relax something if i like floating up in the air its probably like the best way to relax your muscles no. I guess thats true but it really hurts at 1st but then most of that when you get to 0 gravity your spine begins to stretch to give its you say to the ligaments that have been holding your spine upright so you spend your 1st several days in a lot of payment because you actually grew several centimeters toula. But i also heard that cancer cells grow much slower when you are in outer space can that maybe help cure or cancel or find like a lead weight to curing cancer here on earth this was not a difficult question. All of our bodies cells respond that way. Some cells actually start reproducing. Also exposure to space radiation could lead to stronger mutation in the with and we still researching these factors and the u. S. Says is particularly valuable as a Major Research facility that runs large numbers of scientific experiments concurrently so i mean Space Tourism is like a huge topic now and more and more people are going to be going out there and live in examples but. Do you 1st see in future people going to outer space not only for touristic. Reasons but for treatment could that be possible could something that we can cure here on earth because of this atmosphere be cured there and then well come back healthy. Fall in one of the but it is quite possible i cant rule out the possibility because 0 gravity does indeed provide a unique environment. For some time it will still be a site for research and some dedicated projects the idea because its really hard to imagine an outburst suddenly of medical tourism if. Thats because of the massive vibration with the people suffer under launch. Then again why not. Im sure he will soon see Space Tourism develop rapidly even that as we take a new School Buddies im sure you know what im talking about a year ago russians took a 3 d. Printer to s. S. To actually print organs produce human tissue living cells materials not actual is exploring this opportunity as well i dont really understand why theyre doing it there because when we 3 d. Print organs here on earth with 3 d. Print them but they cant really work with our bodies yet so is it any different when you take them to assess and print them theyre. Very information isnt quite right ok correct me. The problem is not that 3 d. Printed organs are rejected simply no way to produce them. When you try to grow cells on a substrate. Of cells. Instead of real healthy tissue. You can get a properly structured human organ with all its. And all in the right place to create a score that could be attempted in 0 gravity with thats why this line of research is drawing a lot of attention right now. So have you have to have anything physical in terms of. Already or is it just really the beginner stage were only just taking off the 1st. Few attempts but we havent had any real breakthroughs. On the foundations. Though its a very promising technology. Space exploration seems like so many ways and its hard to imagine that anything there could be applicable in real life here but nonetheless what technology is developed in space now can be used. Here on earth today. There is a lot of Amazing Technology that has already become part of life in this when we use it every day now. For example. Because. Networks. Things being developed. To say whether they will become that widespread. You know there are enough very Interesting Research projects all new materials new plastics and metals when you confused together very light and very heavy metals. And new drugs are being researched to such a growing proteins which can only be done in 0 gravity its impossible to do it on earth. Research is also being conducted on building artificial crystals which may be very useful for the laser equipment industry. Has so many opportunities for us that theres no way to know what new technology and things it might give us. Im sure well see many new things coming into us. Right now. In the United States president ial candidates debate the future of the u. S. And the world. To get into the burning questions of this election cycle. Every week. Student debt trade was money universal basic. And more catch up with running this sunday exclusively on. And now were back with. Russian oscar nod and biochemist discussing space flights and the future of Space Exploration so see i want to ask you a bit more about the effects that space would have on human bodies for instance does the aging process go slower or faster for instance like ice ice skaters my friends professional i scanners and they definitely age much lower than we do i mean they dont have a wrinkle you know there goes because they live basically in their refrigerator what about in space. Im not sure it works like that you know if you. Forget the words i think you know all biological processes take place in a very serious way the cosmonauts of course do look younger than their age. But the reason for that is provably due to their lifestyle was a reason you regular training and medical checkups feel right at least when youre on active duty your being monitored all of the time and he does that its up to you to keep your health under control and the regular person doesnt do that as often unfortunately the list something up on the scene. Aging is a complex process it was was and i dont think you can say with any degree of certainty that 0 gravity produces any particular effect of idealists but its true that experiments have been conducted. Why was that. When animals and humans when the changes that are being reported conform with known statistical information and then you live with no definite patterns have been found yet. This is only the dawn of the space era the aging is a long process and its hard to analyze step by step. What about the whole sleeping because. We conscious humans understand today the importance of sleep i mean if you sleep at night and sleep well thats half of your health right. I was talking to your fellow calling. From apollo on he was like the best i have ever gotten it was like what i was up there it was like the deepest deepest sleep i mean for me its unimaginable because i really want one of my pillow and my blanket what about you how do you. Sleep well here in space you know i love my pillow and blanket. When at 1st it was uncomfortable to sleep in space. But. Its about the same except when youre in space you dream about. You dream about space that was brilliant shows us all the things that we miss. In space you sleep in a kind of suspended state you basically flute in your sleeping bag and you have to remember to secure it while you dont wake up in a different corner of the International Space station. But it is a grade for your back and for everything i feel like everythings resting finally when youre like floating in the air to sing in a 0 g. Feels absolutely incredible and its really great. But the thing is that when you feel like. Everyones dream to soar like a bird thats how you feel. You know youll have to come back to the world of gravity. So you train hard every day. Astronauts exercise or at least 2 hours every day because its a must they have to keep their bodies in good shape to deal with gravity and recovery. Or its ok. Yes but i mean you come back recovering after 0 g. Is very hard. So is it true that people dont snore when theyre up there when they sleep what about how calm but i want to because it prevents us from as well making those. National were losing our o. G. Means no obstructions everything is perfect. So youre super popular on instagram and you post the most beautiful images of earth from above and i guess its sort of your hobby and evil are followers but then you told me that youve been commissioned by a ecologist and even sociologist to do to make pictures i understand how you would make pictures for scientific reasons. And write mentalist may need it with your oldest may need it but what does sociology need those places for. Well just completely unpredictable people. One interesting project for example is aimed at determining population density and levels of prosperity based on the illumination intensity to be shown this. Roads small villages we can see it all from space it was where we use advanced photographic equipment capable of capturing images at the enormous speed at which the eye is as moves at the end its using short exposure and high i. S. O. Sensitivity. And we can get really good very interesting data. So youve been saying that i assess as sort of outlived itself and we should really refocus one more time on our flight to mars and our efforts to get us to mars so it would take. 7 to 8 months right to get to mars. Ok thats just to get there no take in the return leg and the time staying there so given the levels of radiation there i mean would it be possible to get to mars and back without irreversible consequences for us. You know likelihood yes. We need to do more research. Total amount of radiation an astronaut gets these days exceeds what a mission crew would get. If we talk about the mir the old soviet space station. Troops were exposed to even higher radiation levels and they spent up to one and a half years on board. Missions will. The radiation higher. Used to complete more missions they. Think it would have a terrible impact on a persons health. And human that it. Will mean that the missions might not be very advisable. Showed us i want to ask you about the Embryo Research that showed that radiation takes a heavy toll on the fetus and causing mutation stillbirth this program was shut. This Research Program is anywhere a search of this kind being done now because were talking about final marse going to marse. I feel like this is very relevant for us to continue research in that field thats well. Fortunately new Research Like that is being conducted at the moment. Were doing the research performed on bio satellites back in soviet times proved that space radiation is the main factor that influences the development of a fetus. Good idea. If space radiation affects a cell in my body. Can die but the body would be ok but if that happens to a developing embryo when it would lead to mutations. That could result in a stillbirth or some other anomalies. Anomaly and so we know that its not space souls 0 gene that impacts development in. Space radiation. Even though. And until were able to learn to shield ourselves from it properly there really is no point in doing any further experimentation. By it but do you worry that once we go to other pines our ability to reproduce would be better importance. Of course it will be most about imus and if we decide to build long term stations on other planets we need to study the issue that and plan for it in advance even though because there are some very serious risks that have been scientifically proven by the wish there were not running any experiments currently either on the. Satellite image that will make us nice but the very least we can do is consider all of the option of them with doesnt do well and certainly if were to think of building manned space stations we need to pick locations very carefully and make sure theyre protected from space radiation yes so ice for decades now has been this platform for a corporation where you guys come together and put all the differences that youre countries have on earth a site do you think were talking about were focusing on flying to mars. Astronauts and the Community Space community will come together in achieving that together or is it going to be whos going to get there 1st. Huge fan of the idea and i really hope manned missions will be a joint effort signifying humanitys success. In the success of a single nation. At least i think that would be the right way to do it. Is living proof that we can be successful as a team that we can Work Together peacefully and productively theres no border. Between us so we have one example. Clearly a manned mission to mars would involve enormous cost and was also. I cant imagine one nation no matter how rich it might be completing a project like that. We need to start working on it jointly. And it may well be that this mission will have a positive reconciliatory effect on whatever differences we have between us on a media so why age or too has given 1st signal in 40 years. Interstellar space its the 1st time it was launched right so we talk often with. Moon and going back to mars and youre not the only one a lot of your colleagues are dreaming actually to. Realize that project to be on mars and to go back to but. There are few projects same that deep space why do i gaze so little attention to the Interstellar Flight is it just not cool enough isnt it just a little too for its natural that humanity use more interested in close enough to our planet of something we all future generations could use to our advantage cool that its extremely time consuming and to run an experiment so the takes 40 years to complete with a scientist of i can imagine the up but as a person find the towns very rewarding you know its possible little once we managed to produce new engines capable of producing much higher speeds was what it will make most sense will be able to just send dozens of spacecraft own scouting missions in Different Directions to see whats out there whos out the used and how we might use it for a in benefit of the what a with with them so youve said something that really marked me one since said when you fly into orbit you fly it there as a patch your at off your country and you come back to earth you come back a citizen of earth and or their remember that what happens to a person up there that you come back if theres enough the world i mean you obviously still love your country your silly but that secondary because 1st of while yours that isnt up earth right take the credit for those words the move from an older cosmonauts as surprised to hear it said when the time came for me to go into space on a mission and see it all for myself i in that a space flight you literally leave all your problems behind your everyone and everything you see any at all borderlines onus disappear planet is not as were taught in schools with Different Countries mocked in different colors separate from just an. International space station on a mission to space just like. With just a tiny. Tiny. Piece. Of space. In a world of big partisan lot and conspiracy its time to wait to dig deeper to hit the stories that Mainstream Media refuses to tell more than ever we need to be smarter we need to stop slamming the door on the back and shouting past each other its time for Critical Thinking its time to fight for the middle for the truth the time is now for watching closely watching the hawks. Party marks the 75th anniversary of the soviet union for liberation of warsaw from nazi germany thousands were sent to death camps or lost their lives in a city that suffered years of occupation jeering the 2nd world war. The pentagon reacts to accusations that washington has routinely lied about americas longest war made by the top u. S. Official overseeing afghanistans reconstruction. To wrong grounds its former partners of washingtons puppet master germany confounded caved into trumps threat to impose tariffs on european states if they dont quit the 2015 nuclear deal