International. So gamers and ski havent planned on becoming an astronaut having only a chosen biochemistry and viral as is calling in 2017 to become the worlds 1st scientist to serve as commander of an International Space mission he spent 305 days in orbit and 27 hours in open space hes also a passionate photographer and travel all welcome to sophie co visionaries may Sophie Shevardnadze so scientific discoveries and technological advances are moving us closer to the stars but what does the future of space travel hold for us well i guess today is a russian astronaut and biochemist said again. Scheme hi sergey so good to have you as our guest today so ok let me start from this when i was a kid reading this amazing site if i were everything was built on the promise that me and my generation growing up would be flying off to mars and moon in the interstellar travels and then i grew up and it turned out that my future is here in a smartphone resurge of Artificial Intelligence genome Everything Everything here on earth and nothing there closer to the stars what happened why didnt this amazing classes 5 predictions come true smartphone got us a smartphone heres a whole lot cheaper than a space flight. To spend what on earth can have a small. Few chosen ones get to go to space is booming. Well. Perhaps in the west me its more important to improve our Living Standards on earth 1st. And then go on to beyond it anyway we moving towards that future with divisions which soon will get back to the moon and then well make it to mars by them with mars but youre saying that its expensive so my next question is why dont we have a rovers that are able to collect pretty much any useful information that we would need from outer space on earth why do we need to send humans to space and not have im not talking about Space Tourism like pay money to actually send people there. After my deed skis an automated station can only provide answers to questions that its been programs to answer i thought id use a program to get a chill as a human on the i assess he is able to discover new things or that he can make adjustments to an experiment so he took a cue to know with the poor he data program moreover the technology needed for them to survive in outer space will follow them back home but it could last and it can then be used here on earth would to help ordinary people in their daily lives. So you are a scientist 1st and foremost and your 1st scientists to actually be the captain of the crew which is amazing and youre saying that. Cost or not should be actually intellectually well equipped they should be ready for all different kinds of situations and its better if their side so you know in sports kids start to prepare from very young ages to become. Professional sports man do you think something similar should be done with asteroids and tossed once i mean should there be like a special preparation in all fields for a person who is supposed to go up in space. Regardless of their basic education. Becomes a one man army. To speak by the end of their training. Ground experts who can basically do just about anything and. Suppose it would be hard to prepare people for that kind of work. Do you think we should invite professionals. Of education preferably with a ph d. Because that shows that a person is able to analyze and process data. And then we train them to become experts. So i always thing to men self what happens if once youre in space you have a health issue for instance youre up and decide as. Well the crew be able to perform and. When you isnt like something that youre trained for before you go. Fully prepared for any contingency or emergency as to where paul is to get the little boy with fully prepared for anything but i would be able to resolve any situation. Many a merge and see require experience. While i must admit that i had to provide 1st aid to some of my colleagues and ones on my missions and it was hard on them as i know its one thing to try it on a plastic dummy list when you kin totally different when youre dealing with a real human being who is in pain and could actually done most of the argument but we do have decent medical care. Of course the i. S. A. s remains in contact with Ground Control and 99 percent of the time. Has it ever happened to you that you physically have to same someone up and. What can you tell me an example is that a secret. Classified classified information ok wow im really impressed so i know that 0 g. Causes muscle atrophy its also bad for your bones if youre up there for too long what other negative attacks can suffer from if youre in open space too much. 1st of all obviously. The redistribution of body fluids that. Can be replenished but it. Generally when using any of its systems they started almost instantly which is amazing in terms of how. You stop reading books you start losing neural connections. In your muscles we can. Really function any positive. On health i mean on human body we havent noticed any seriously because i was thinking you know we hear people on earth are so caught up in our routine that were very tense and its very hard to get like a good massage and relax something if i like floating up in the air its probably like the best way to relax your muscles no. I guess thats true but it really hurts at 1st but most of that when you get to 0 gravity your spine begins to stretch to give its you say to the ligaments that have been holding your spine upright so you spend your 1st several days in a lot of pain because you actually grew several centimeters toula. But i also heard that cancer cells grow much slower when you are in outer space can that maybe help cure or cancel or find like a lead weight to curing cancer here on earth this was not a difficult question to get killed all of our body cells respond that way. Some cells actually start reproducing not to hire a disease because weve got to also exposure to space radiation could lead to stronger mutation and we are still researching these factors and the u. S. Says is particularly valuable as a Major Research facility that runs large numbers of scientific experiments concurrently so i mean Space Tourism is like a huge topic now and more and more people are going to be going out there and weve seen examples but. Do you 1st see in future people going to outer space not only for touristic. Reasons but for treatment could that be possible could something that we can cure here on earth because of this atmosphere be cured there and then well come back healthy. Fall in one of the but it is quite possible i cant rule out the possibility because 0 gravity does indeed provide a unique environment. For some time it will still be a site for research and some dedicated projects. Because its really hard to imagine an outburst suddenly of medical tourism. Thats because of the massive vibration of g. Load with the people suffer under launch. Then again why not. Im sure well soon see Space Tourism develop rapidly even that as we take me school im sure you know what im talking about a year ago russians to go through a printer to assess to actually print organs produce human tissue living cells materials not actual is exploring this opportunity as well i dont really understand why theyre doing it there because when we 3 d. Print organs here on earth with 3 d. Print them but they cant really work with our bodies yet so is it any different when you take them to assess and print them there. Very information isnt quite right ok correct me. The problem is not that 3 d. Printed organs are rejected as more simply no way to produce them. When you try to grow cells on a substrate you get is malformed lairs of cells. Instead of real healthy tissue. You can get a properly structured human with all its. And all in the right place. It could be attempted in 0 gravity though. Thats why this line of research is drawing a lot of attention right now. So have a have to have anything physical in terms of the spear him and an outer space already or is it just really the beginner stage were only just taking off 1st. Few attempts but we havent had any real breakthroughs. On the foundations. Its a very promising technology. Space exploration seems like fictional in so many ways and its hard to imagine that anything there could be applicable in real life here but nonetheless what technology is developed in space now can be used. Here on earth today. There is a lot of Amazing Technology that has already become part of life in this when we use it every day now. For example. Straps on sneakers. Networks. For other things being developed. And its hard to say whether they will become that widespread. You know there are enough very Interesting Research projects on new materials new plastics and metals when you confused together very light and very heavy metals. And new drugs are being researched too such as growing proteins. Which can only be done in 0 gravity its impossible to do it on earth this. Is also being conducted on building artificial crystals which may be very useful for the laser equipment industry. Gravity off as so many opportunities for reserves that theres no way to know what new technology and things it might give us we. Will see many new things coming into us. Were going to take a break right now and when were back well continue talking with. You talking about the future of space travel stay with us. Join me every thursday im sure ill be speaking to the world of politics or im sure ill see you then. And now were back with. Russian oscar nod and by a chemist discussing space flights and the future of Space Exploration so see i want to ask you a bit more about the effects that space would have on human bodies for instance does that is. In process go slower or faster for instance like ice ice skaters my friends professional ice skater they definitely age much slower than we do i mean they dont have a wrinkle you know there goes because they live basically in their refrigerator what about in space. Im not sure it works like that. I think the. Process is take place in a very serious way and the cosmonauts of course do look younger than their age. But the reason for that is provably due to their lifestyle was the reason you regular training and medical checkups feel. When youre on active duty your being monitored all of the time and that its up to you to keep your health under control and the regular person doesnt do that as often unfortunately. Something else on the scene. But as. Is a complex process as more and i dont think you can say with any degree of certainty that 0 gravity produces any particular effect idealist but its true that experiments have been conducted to analyze that. On animals and humans. Are the changes that are being reported conform with known statistical information and the new with no definite patterns have been found yet. This is only the dawn of the space era the aging is a long process to analyze step by step. What about the whole sleeping. Cautious humans understand today the importance of sleep i mean if you sleep at night and sleep well thats your health right. Into your fellow colonic. From apollo and he was like the best i have ever gotten it was like what i was. Up there it was like the deepest deepest lay by me for me its unimaginable i really was one of my pillow and my blanket what about you how do you. You know i love my pillow and blanket. When at 1st it was uncomfortable to sleep in space. But. Its about the same except when youre in space you dream about. You dream about space and the brain shows us all the things that we miss. In space you sleep in a kind of suspended state you basically float in your sleeping bag and you have to remember to secure it while you dont wake up in a different corner of the International Space station. But isnt it great for your back and for everything i feel like everythings resting finally when youre like floating in the air to sing the 0 g. Feels absolutely incredible and its really great. But the thing is that when you feel like. Thats probably why everyones dream to soar like a bird thats how you feel. You know youll have to come back to the world of gravity. So you train hard every day. And astronauts exercises at least 2 hours every day because its a must that they have to keep their bodies in good shape to deal with gravity and recovery when youre up there youre doing to our sports ok. Yes i mean you come back recovering after 0 g. Is very hard. So is it true that people dont snore when theyre up there when they sleep. Well because it prevents us from making those. 0 g. Means no obstructions. Everything is perfect. So youre super popular on instagram and you post the most beautiful images of earth from above and i guess its sort of your hobby and have a lot of followers but then you told me that youve been commissioned by ecologist an even sociologist to do to make pictures i understand how you would make pictures for scientific reasons. And by mentalist may need it which are all just me but what does sociology i mean those places for. Well just completely unpredictable people. One interesting project for example is aimed at determining population density and levels of prosperity based on the illumination intensity. Roads small villages we can see it all from space. We use advanced photographic equipment capable of capturing images at the enormous speed at which the moves. Using short exposure and high sensitivity. And we can get really good very interesting data. So youve been saying that has sort of outlived itself and we should really refocus one more time on our flight to mars and our efforts to get us to mars so it would take. 7 to 8 months right to get to mars. Right ok thats just to get there not taking the return leg and the time staying there so given the levels of radiation there i mean would it be possible to get to mars and back without irreversible consequences for us. Yes. We need to do more research. At the total amount of radiation an astronaut gets these days exceeds what our mission crew would get. If we talk about the mir of the old soviet space station what it. Is were exposed to even higher radiation levels and they spent up to one and a half years on board. Missions will longer the orbit was. The radiation higher. Used to complete more missions that. Think it would have a terrible impact on a persons health. Humility. Might well mean that the missions might not be very advisable. Show us i want to ask you about the Embryo Research that showed that radiation takes a heavy toll on the fetus and causing mutation stillbirth this program was shut this Research Program is anywhere a search of this kind being done now because were talking about final marse going to marse. I feel like this is very relevant for us to continue research in that field as well. Fortunately new Research Like that is being conducted at the moment. Were doing the research performed on bio satellites back in soviet times proved that space radiation is the main factor that influences the development of a fetus. Good idea. If space radiation affects a cell in my body. But the body would be ok but if that happens to a developing embryo when it would lead to mutations. That could result in a stillbirth all some other anomalies. Anomaly and so we know that its not space souls 0 gene that impacts development in the space radiation. Even though. And until were able to learn to shield ourselves from it properly that there really is no point in doing any further experimentation. But it but do you worry that once we go to other parents our ability to reproduce would be better importance. Of course it will. And if we decide to build long term stations on other planets we need to study the issue than plan for it in advance even though because there are some very serious risks that have been scientifically proven by the way were not running any experiments currently either on the. Settlers in the news that only cost me because the very least we can do is consider all of the option of them with an ado when certainly if were to think of building manned space stations we need to pick locations very carefully and make sure theyre protected from space radiation yes so i say for decades now it has been this platform for a corporation where you guys come together and put all the differences that your countries have on earth aside do you think were talking about were focusing on flying to mars. Astronauts and the Community Space community will come together in achieving that together or is it going to be who is going to get there 1st. Huge fan of the idea and i really hope that a manned missions will be a joint effort signifying humanity and success. In the success of a single nation. At least i think that would be the right way to do it. Is living proof that we can be successful as a team that we can Work Together peacefully and productively because no border politics between us so we have one example. Clearly a manned mission to mars would involve enormous cost and was also. I cant imagine one nation no matter how rich it might be completing a project like that. We need to start working on it jointly. And it may well be that this mission will have a positive reconciliatory effect on whatever differences we have between us on a. So of wager to has given 1st signal in 40 years from interstellar space its the 1st time it was launched right so we talk often with. The moon and going back to mars and you know the only one a lot of your colleagues are dreaming actually to. Realize that project to be on mars and to go back to moon but there are few projects aim that deep space why do we get so little attention to the Interstellar Flight is it just not cool enough. If its just a little too far. Its natural that humanity is more interested in. Close enough to a planet something we all future generations could use to our advantage. Cool. That its extremely time consuming and to run an experiment takes 40 years to complete with a scientist i can imagine that but as a person. Very rewarding. Its possible that once we manage to produce a new engines capable of producing much higher speeds it will make more sense. Well be able to just send dozens of spacecraft on scouting missions in Different Directions to see whats out there whos out there. Use it for a benefit. See if that something that really mark said when you fly into orbit you fly there as a patch your country. To earth you come back a citizen of earth. Where remember that. What happens to a person up there that you come back to the world. But thats secondary because 1st of all your earth. Take the credit for those words. When the time came for me to go into space on a mission. To spaceflight you literally leave all your problems behind. Everyone and everything. You see. Disappear. And it is not as were taught in schools with Different Countries marked in different colors separate from one another. Just another big International Space station its on a mission in the vastness of space just like the. Just a tiny speck of dust in this infinite universe we need to divide this tiny speck of dust with. Pieces. Jointly and of course. Exploring outer space. With. This wonderful interview for all the. You know i cant wait for. Projects. Dreams to come true and hopefully will be speaking soon about something that came true. In the very near future good luck with everything. Speaking to. Discussing the future of space travel holds for us humans i guess thats it for this edition of. Time. Well its finally begun to be impeachment of donald trump the president and his supporters say the process is nothing more than a political witch hunt the democrats in the liberal Corporate Media say trump is a National Security threat and must be removed but in the end it would seem democracy being impeached. Joined me everything on the alex salmond shill and ill be speaking to a guest of the world of politics sports business im show business ill see you then. The u. S. Senate prepares for the Donald Trumps impeachment trial is there any doubt the president will be acquitted and take a look at that on this edition of politics. Politicking on larry king the articles of impeachment against donald trump are and Mitch Mcconnells hands right now and preparation for the senate trial begins while the outcome seems like a foregone conclusion at this point questions remain about whether witnesses will be allowed to testify or not what impact might that make and will any of this affect the fall elections lets talk about that with Political Panel they are alex vogel former general counsel for the National RepublicanSenatorial Committee hes in washington and in Mountain View california zach friend who are in for barack obama and john kerrys president ial campaign. Ok one