Despite the changes brought about by COVID-19, the world is facing many other challenges such as climate change, wealth gap, and inflation. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction’s definition of a resilient city primarily focused on risk management, response, and recovery in the face of different types of disasters. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) later expanded the definition of a resilient city into four areas that drive resilience: sustainable economic development, protection of environmental resources and biodiversity, empowering social networks, and government governance.
Sustainable economic growth is ensured by providing employment, training, and education opportunities