Scientists have developed a broadly applicable, multiplexable, and scalable platform for detecting interactions of a range of label-free molecules at the single-molecule scale, in real-time, using single-molecule sensors on a semiconductor sensor array chip. At the heart of this technology is a peptide wire that connects nanoelectrodes. On this peptide wire is mounted the interacting molecule of interest and interactions are measured by fluctuations of an applied constant voltage through the peptide wire.