The ferromanganese alloy is produced through the smelting-reduction of manganese ores in submerged arc furnaces. Conventional MnO2 production requires the pre reduction of low-grade ores around 900 °C to convert the manganese oxides present in the ore into their respective acid soluble forms. Using dextrin, a cheap organic reductant, the direct or complete dissolution of the manganese in the furnace dust is possible without needing high temperature pre reduction. The leachate is then purified th