Your crafts. Long time no see, keep an eye on this birdie, dears. Kalmyks migrated to the endless steppe between the volga and the don at the beginning of the 16th century. They had previously come to the lower volga region as part of the formidable troops of the golden horde. To stay here for a long time and. The nomads swore allegiance to the russian tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The kalmyk khanate became a reliable defender of the southern borders of the state. From their native dzungaria, the kalmyks brought the ancient customs of nomadic peoples and buddhism. The republic of kalmykia is located in the southeast of the european part of russia. One of the borders of the region are washed by the caspian sea. Distance. From moscow to ilista is about 1200 km, travel time by plane is 2 hours. The capital of kalmykia, ilista, is distinguished by its original beauty. In the center of the city is the largest buddhist temple in europe, khurul, the golden abode of buddha shakyamuni. The site of its construction was illuminated by dalalai 14 in 2004. The spiritual leader of tibetan buddhists visited several times. Pilgrims from around the world come to the republic to visit hura. You can learn about the history of the only people in europe professing buddhism in Republican Museum named after nikolai palmov. Its collection includes archaeological finds, jewelry and buddhist relics. A separate exhibition is dedicated to the weapons of the steppe people. The kalmyks fighting skills were valued by Russian Military leaders. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich presented the caspian steppes to the kalmyk princes in exchange for military service and Border Defense from the crimean tatars. In order to fend off these huge masses of crimean cavalry, the same nomads were required , the same nomadic light, fast cavalry was required, well, the nagai muslims, as it were, there was no trust, and the kalmyks were buddhists, they were definitely already confessional, did not allege with the muslims, and at the same time they were superior to them in weapons complex, since they preserved the traditions that were in the army of genghis khan, therefore the kalmyt konitskis always won the clash with the krymchaks, always inflicted they are defeated. The main advantage of the nomads was mobility; the kalmyk leaders skillfully used the terrain to conduct reconnaissance and set up ambushes. The kalmyk cavalry attacked the enemy suddenly. Warriors they had excellent command of several types of weapons and handtohand combat techniques. From the ability to hold on perfectly. The life of nomads depended on riding and shooting accurately; children from an early age went on long trips, during which they learned the necessary skills from adults. Kalmys women also mastered the art of war. A man, from Early Childhood he went with his elders, with his father, with his grandfather, well, even with his elders , he went hunting, that is, it was a mans initiation , they had it right away, it was from the age of 12, maybe even from the age of 10, in the hut only women remained. Women and children, the main task of women was to protect the camp while the men went to conquer or hunt. In ethnographic hutons, as nomadic camps are called, you can get acquainted with the traditional way of life, rituals, food and hear the heroic songs of the steppe people. One of the most famous kalmyt epics dzhanngr is a legend about the country of happiness and prosperity bumba and the exploits of its heroes. From generation to generation, janngers songs helped raise brave kalmyk warriors. Every the young kalmyk had to utter the slander of the heroes while listening to the distorters, that is, dzhangarchi, about the exploits, the heroes , about the battles, how they saved the people, everything, and each boy tried to be like that hero, like dzhangar, khongor, mingiyan, saur, sanala. Kalmyk troops participated in all campaigns of the russian army, their cavalry, together with the cossacks, performed reconnaissance functions and carried out independent operations. In 1814, as part of. Kalmyks entered paris, making an indelible impression on europeans with their unusual view and fighting camels. During the great patriotic war, by the summer of 1942, the wehrmacht command had developed several operations to capture the lower volga region and the caucasus, with its oil sources. One of them assumed an approach to astrakhan by august of fortytwo, a significant part of the republic was occupied by german troops. On august 12, the soviet army left elista. It wasnt at all that it turned out that the road from elesa to astrakhan is all complete rubbish, i dont want it. Built two defensive lines, but there were no troops to fill these lines. In 1943. The kalmyk population complicit with the german invaders. In december of the same year, the kalmyks were deported to siberia, the urals and central asia. This resettlement became a national disaster. More than 40,000 people died in exile. Kalmyks were allowed to return to their homeland only in 1956. The sheet remembers every year the tragic events of deportation at the monument of exodus and return, created by the sculptor ernst unknown. Research of modern historians prove that there were no more collaborators among the kalmyks than among other peoples. The soldiers of kalmykia fought courageously on the fronts of the great patriotic war in partisan detachments. During the war , 26,000 kolmyks were drafted into the red army, numbering 125,000, which means that almost every fifth of the kalmaks was drafted. Everything that could be sent to the front was sent by the kalmyks; in addition , women and children went to the front; from the first days of the war, kolmyk enterprises began to help front, one of the largest fishing collective farms, kaspiets, was located near the city of lagyan, all products were sent to the needs of the army, canned food, crackers, dried fish were produced in floating factories, and the fishermen who worked in the catch were provided with reservations, special documents, who equated them with military personnel, they were not sent to the front, they were left here in the rear so that they could continue working on collective farms. The population of kalmykia built one of the most important frontline railways kizlyarastrakhon. Without her , victory at staling would have been impossible. This was the only route along which strategic cargo was delivered from the caucasus, primarily oil, gasoline, military equipment and food. Most of the railway. Mobilized people, but since the adult male population was already at the front, and only the elderly, disabled, women and children remained for the autolu. 356 km of sleepers between kizlyar and astrakhon were laid in inhumane wartime conditions in just 9 months. Railway 110 separate kalmyk Cavalry Division and fighters of the fighter detachments of the lagan ulankhol ulus. In the north of kalmykia, the defense was held by the fiftyfirst army, which was the left flank of the stalingrad front. She participated in the uranium operation to encircle the enemy group in the stalingrad area and struck through the territory of kalmykia towards the don. In the village of sadovoye, every year a battle takes place in memory of these battles. It attracts military history buffs from all neighboring regions. Thousands of soldiers from kalmykia were awarded for military merits, orders and medals. 20. Two natives were awarded the title of hero of the soviet union. Two of them were born in the same village salyn tukton. These are erdnikov and erentsen badmaev. From our family, my father, ernitevich dilikov, received a heros star in 1942. He reached keenesberg, he had seven wounds. He died in 1952 in siberia. My uncle, badmai verentsin ledzheevich. He also went through the whole war, he reached manzhuria , received a heros star, but since all the kalmyks were exiled to siberia, they did not give a heros star, but the heros star found him in may 1990. A memorial complex dedicated to famous fellow countrymen warriors was created in the settlement. The nazi invaders rushed through the kalmyk steppes to astrakhan to cut off the caucasus. From central russia, their plans were thwarted by the twentyeighth army, the core of the formation was the thirtyfourth guards Rifle Brigade under the command of joseph gubarevich. Fights took place for each well, the possession of which in arid areas was strategically important. In one of the lowlands near water sources, in 2011 they were found the remains of 65 soldiers of the red army, as the Search Engines found out, there were two soviet medical battalions near the wells, which were discovered by enemy intelligence , there was no front line as such, a very large number of enemies, a very large number of dunes, and the battles were positional in the area roads, this was one road grader ilista astrakhn, in places where there was water, and also for maintaining dominant heights, for example, from one highrise to another highrise there is 5 km there, if supporting supports are placed at these heights points, you can control a large area. In the kalmyk steppes , medical instructor natalya kochuevskaya, a student at gitis, who voluntarily went to the front, accomplished her feat. She died saving the lives of twenty Wounded Soldiers whom she carried from the battlefield. She received the title of hero of the soviet union in 1997. 2 km from the village of khulkhuta, on one of the state heights, a memorial was erected to the soldiers of the 28th army. In 1942 , stubborn battles took place for this hill, the enemy army was stopped here, at the same time as the beginning of the grandiose advance of troops between the don and volga, parts of the twentyeighth army went on the offensive in november 1942. On december 31, cavalrymen of a separate kalmyk. Guards army liberated elista. The city celebrated new year 1943 already free from invaders. For four centuries , the peoples of kalmykia and russia have been closely connected by a common history, maintaining a friendship that has been tested for centuries. Its all just, what a pity . Goodbye, goodbye, thank you. Good morning, good, you viktorov again took all the cash from my bank, no, just a little left, until next time, well then say hello to bolshakov, ill be sure to tell you, good luck to you too, sergei mikhailovich,