Yesterday’s adoption of the EU Council Conclusion on Somalia marks a new milestone in the long-term EU-Somalia relationship. It also marks a good moment to look back at the last 12 years of EU and international relations with this highly fragile and conflict-ridden country, to assess the extent to which this relationship, underpinned by immense investments, has contributed to Somalia’s state-building process and whether the EU has supported this process well, making the investments worthwhile.