The deceased included two children, aged 3 and 5 years, and a 15-year-old girl.
The labourers belonged to Abhoda, Vivra, Kerhala villages and Raver tehsil in the district, the official said.
After the accident, police and some locals rushed to the spot and the truck was brought out of the pit with the help of a JCB machine, he said.
Fifteen people were killed and five others, including the truck driver, received injuries, the official said.
The injured people have been admitted to Jalgaon Civil Hospital where two of them are reported to be in a serious condition, he said.
Jalgaon's Additional Superintendent of Police Chandrakant Gavli told PTI that the accident may have taken place due to a technical fault in the vehicle.