1-what are the HR violations in Libya?
2-How the LFJL manged to report the violations there?
3-What are the challenges faced to document the violations?
Answer:
Human Right Violations in Libya
People in Libya are struggling between the fight between three rival governments and militias and armed groups. Tripoli-based Government of National Accord which is supported by the United Nations (UN) and the Interim Government based in eastern Libya compete and fighting with each other for territorial control and legitimacy. The clashes between the arm groups of these parties have dispatched hundred thousands of people from the country and force them to live without any facilities of food, electricity, health care and education (Mach). Peoples are struggling to access even the basic needs such as cloth, shelter, and food. Militias and armed groups are involved in thousands of human rights violations in competing with Libyan government and involvement in crimes such as carry out arbitrary detention, seizing the property of people, murder, torture, disappearances, kidnapping, unlawful killings, forced displacements and indiscriminate attacks. The militias and criminal gangs have kidnapped journalists, politicians, and civilian people and ask ransom for political and monetary gain. A few days back 3 children who were kidnapped for ransom, found to be buried in woods near their hometown Shershary. Large number of peoples including asylum seekers, women and children, gather together and struggling for migrate from Libya to European countries, experience sexual harassment and assault, torture, rape of small girls and women, facing forced labour by coast guard forces, prison guards, and smugglers during try to cross the Mediterranean and entering in European countries (Bosse 83). The rivalry between forces aligned with all governments and a large number of militias continue to clash with each other that arises the situations where more than half-a-million people internally displaced to another place. The number may be far more than estimation because the international organisations who published these data are very rare and limited presence in the country (Cuttitta 783-803). UN in its report, “UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL)” reviews the issues related to the detention of people in Libya after the signing of the Libyan Political Agreement (LPA). The ICC (International Criminal Court) failed to do anything or open any new investigation over these issues in Libya even they have right of jurisdiction over Libya provided by the UN Security Council. The criminal justice system has been totally collapsed in Libya since 2014 because most of the courts are shut down because of ongoing insecurity and internal conflicts. The court system including supreme court of Libya has remained dysfunctional and offering no prospects for accountability (Human Rights Watch). In the meantime, the Islamic State (IS) spread its terror in the country and implement their Sharia law which allows punishment for smoking and "immodest" dress. According to a report published by W.H.O, only 4 hospitals are functional up to 70-80% of their capacity and 17 hospitals are closed out of total 97 hospitals. The healthcare system is totally failed to provide any service to the civilians and local people. Refugee and migrants have been facing serious human rights violations by armed groups, smugglers, traffickers and guards who are working in government-run detention centres. The European governments also supporting the Libyan Coast Guard in stopping migrants from crossing the Mediterranean in order to reduce the number of refugees arriving in Europe. The smugglers are also involved with Libyan Coast Guard and returned thousands of migrants to the Libyan coast guards for intercepted these people and in return, they allowed to safe passage of boats without any investigation (Strauch 2421). The reality is that refugees and migrants are abused and tortured by these armed group and coast guard prisoners during the detention of these people and it was very difficult to estimate the whole scenario of human rights violations across the country.