How do they deal with social justice . And what are working conditions like . We vis eight couries on tw contints to fi out how europe and asia work together,s in our series work places. A beacoof hope inhe ocea a seaweedarm an hour outside e indonean capital jakarta. Could this be e solution to ocea aglobal probls . Hour nory mulyonoefinitely inks so. Shes carrying out research into how seaweed can keep the seas clean. Her home country is the worlds secondlargest plastic polluter after china. Indonesia processes more than 60 million tons of Plastic Waste every year. Over 3. 2 million tons of it end up in the ocean. The government has pledged to reduce this by 70 by 2025. Its an ambitious plan. Traditional Waste Disposal methods cant keep up. Thats why indonesia backs pioneering ideas like the one mulyono is proposing. She makes packaging out of seaweed. How can we solve it if we do not have something to replace this plastic . Of course we cannot go back to our motion to leave without plastic packaging. Her main advantage is that indonesia is one of the worlds biggest producers of seaweed. Most buyers are other countries in asia, where people have been eating the marine plants for millennia. In europe, production is sti on a much smaller scale. But here, too, seaweed ibeing uted as a terial wita bright future, a sector that has a lot of potential. Seeed growquickly, dsnttake u used ia wide rge of applicatns. There are more than 72,000 species of algae worldwide, the largest over 60 meters in length. Algaebased ingredients are already used in many foods for example, as binding agents. Two different types of brown 100 tons of them a year. The farm in froya is one of the biggest in europ as t global polation ris and new food trends grow fashionable, seaweed is appearing more frequently on european plates. Seaweed cultivation has grown quickly in the past 10 years. First and foremost in france and ireland, but spain and of course norway are also exploring the options. It is a growing market. We worked a lot establishing this market. Of course we have a lot of influence om asian cuisine. Europeans and more are more famiar with seaweed now. Generally, people are more concerned about where their food comes from. People are interested in local, traceable food. But at present, most of the seaweed eaten in europe is still imported from asia. And there, nory mulyono is still one step ahead. This sheet made from red algae, the result of 10 years hard work, is her pride and joy. She discovered that one species produces a special polymer that makes products made from it very pliable. The foil has a shelf life of up to two years, and it even dissolves in hot water. This is especially practical for popular products in indonesia like instant coffee. Over 200 Companies Worldwide are testing it. And you dont have to eat it to get rid of it. People can dispose it everywhere. And it will be fertilizer for plants, or just throw it in the wastewater and it will not clog your wastewater stream. Algae are not only finding uses in the food and packaging sectors, but also in the cosmetics and textile industries. In the future, they could even be used as a source of fuel. The team at seaweed Energy Solutions is also interested in the many different qualities of seaweed. Algae seedlings are cultivated all year round in the companys laboratories in trondheim. Here, tests are carried out on different types of algae that might be good to cultivate in the future. The company also works with universities to find possible environmental uses for seaweed and unlock its full potential. It has several benefits, also for the environment where you cultivate it. It captures co2, which is a big advantage. And we also see around our sea farm a lot of fish. So it is kind of a nursery for small fish and other animals in the sea. It increases wildlife. Seaweed, a budding new industry in europe. There are around 200,000 seaweed farmers in indonesia. Often, whole families get involved. The women tie the seedlings to the lines and take care of the finances. The men are responsible for the cultivation and harvest. For her product, nory mulyono works together with 2,000 families. She also helps them with the business side of things and works without middlemen. This means she can pay better wages. The most important things that drive me to passionate in this is about cost of communities living. They have no access to fulfill their basic needs, so some of them also have been the victim of human trafficking. So i think it is very, very important and urgent to help them to improve the likelihood. Their livelihood. One of the farmers who supplies mulyono is abdul syukurwho cultates it on00 linein panggang. In the past, he hato keep hi head above water with badlypaid work, sometimes as a fisherman, sometis as a sailor. Now he c afford tooncentrateon. His takehome pay is up to six times higher now. Seaweed farming is fu of prome. We hope itll enable us to pay for the best possible education for our children. And its much more profitable than working as a fisherman, or specializing in aquaculture. We hope that seaweed will always flourish here, and that we can maintain its quality. Nory mulyono hopes so, too. At any rate, she already needs another 1,000 suppliers in 2020. Farmers like abdul syukur. After all, the demand for her plasticfree packaging is there. Primarily from food and cosmetics distributors. She needs to ramp up production from 100 to 8,000 units per day, using a raw material with massive future potential. I am a global teen. This week, we meet up with a global teen from nairobi, kenya. My name is jessica achieng. I live in kenya, at a place called dandora. I have two siblings. Their names are brian and adolphe. My mother sells maize, and my father is a mason, and so now he went to work. I like going to school because it is fun and you have new friends, you learn, it will help you, so that if you are grown, you will be a better person in the future. My hope is to help the needy, by providing for them shelter, clothes, and their basic needs. I like writing songs, i like practicing. Thats what i always do when i am free. When my mother tells us jokes. I am afraid of heights. Like, for example, if i am standing on a tall building, i cant look down because i am afraid ill fall. I would like to be a musician because it is my talent and i love singing so much. I feel like i can sing, but i dont have a beat. This life is hard. Still struggling until i become the best. In the early 20th century, africa was home to an estimated 10 million or more elephants. A hundred years later, poaching and habitat loss have caused their numbers to drop to no more than 400,000. Thats a decline of more than 95 . In botswana, however, there are too many elephants. Thanks to strict conservation measures, the elephant population there has increased rapidly in recent years. Ang the star attractions at Chobe National park are the many elephants, antilopes, and hippos roaming free. Botswana has the worlds highest elephant population, somewhere between 130,000 and 160,000. Tourists flock to marvel at them. Beate bergmann has been coming here with her husband for many years. This time is special because my family are here, too, my niece and two grandchildren. We really wanted to show them the africa we know and love, where you can be among all these animals and so close to them. That is how tourists experience the elephants. And this is how locals experience them. Park ranger kgosi maera is out on patrol. Were just chasing them away. By making this noise, they run away. Suddenly, another elephant appears between the houses in the town of kasane at the edge of the park. He tells us they can injure people, attack them, especially if they are with their young. Elephants wander through residential areas and farms. This often leads to conflict between humans and animals. Daniel chiswaniso jeremia says he always keeps a gun loaded. He has a farm outside kasane. I shot an elephant last year, 2018. It was in the field here. During the day, i tried to scare it. It refused and went oh and i said, let me shoot it now. Killing an elephant is not nice. Its not nice to kill it. But for the sake of selfdefense, because it originals me, or either it kills me, or its war. When its war, ah, we shoot. Its a fight for survival. Jeremia says the elephants are always on his fields destroying his crops. Because they come every day. Today theyre getting at this piece. During the night they come again and continue, until the whole field is done. Elephants have trampled his fences, including the electric ones. And jeremia doesnt have the money to repair them. My life has been deteriorating. Deteriorating because of the elephants. What i mean is, they make people poor. They make people poor. Now im poor. My feeling is, i think culling should be done. What i feel about elephants is that the are tooany. They need to be reduced. The government has not organised any culls, but controversially last year lifted a ban on elephant hunting that had been imposed five years earlier. It now permits the killing of 400 per year, promising a field day for sports hunters. The government says the hunting should be allowed specifically in areas where elephanthuman conflicts are most common. What we have learned over time about elephants is that when they know there is danger, they will not go to those areas. And we use this controlled hunting to achieve that. Not to reduce numbers, but to create that barrier and buffer so that our people can continue with their livelihoods uninterrupted. It has been estimated that the elephant population will continue to grow significantly, even if 400 are killed each year. Trophy hunting is widely despised in europe, for example, but can it actually fulfill a useful function . Some conservationists think it can. The impact will be positive because botswana is absolutely committed to having any resources that it gets from sport hunting to go to the communities. Rural botswanans live with 150,000 elephants, and they have not been receiving any benefits whatsoever. So a couple of animals that are sporthunted can go a very long way to mitigate the kind of negative impacts, including the loss of human life, that rural botswanans are facing on a daily basis. Merafhe shamukuni was trampled to death last year while on his way home in kasane. His sister dorcus sums up the findings of the police investigation. He tried to run back, but then probably there were others there, so he tried to run down the stairs and tried to hide behind the bushes, so they pulled him. She tells us there used to be fewer elephants in the area and they were less aggressive. In the past, they were just calm animals. Youd pass an elephant just feeding there, sometimes without even seeing it. But nowadays they actually charge, without even a person provoking them anyhow. She says the aggression may well mean the elephants are feeling stressed. The question remains if the elephant population continues to rise, and the human population grows as well, unhappy encounters will probably continue to occur, and a sustainable solution will still need to be found. In our global ideas series, we head to the pacific ocean. Its home to many species of sea turtle. Our reporter Clare Richardson went tthe arnavon islands, part of the Solomon Islands. She met some activists who are working to protect the turtles. The Solomon Islands look like paradise on earth. The region here in the South Pacific is home to rich marine biodiversity. But its a challenging environment for the critically endangered hawksbill sea turtl thatest here. Female turtles lay roughly 1,000 environeggs each season. Ically only one in a thousand will make it to adulthood. Their ances are de worse b hunting d illegal ading. Searchers estimate that some 10,000 turtles are harvested each year. Ths pushed wksbill sea turtles to the brink of extinction. But for the creatures who make it to this particular beach, thes hope. These women are on a mission to it to save the turtles. Each, in016, they form the group kar communities from Three Islands protect ttles frohunting. With the three communitie they have different cultural the opportuny fothem to embrace ea others cture. E d through the project they come together, uniting them for conservaon. Tyre on eir way the narvons, spectacar group of islds that e one ofhe laest breeng groun in the south pacic for thhawksbil narvonssea rtle. Ar group the navons arehe site of mariprotect area, t first er nional pa in the Solomon Islands, and a sanctuary the navfor the turtles. F today the team are looking to catch them for tagnd release, known locally as turtle rodeo. The first attempt is a miss. So itonto the nt location to try again. Second time lucky. Theyve caught a female green turtle, a different species. Shes rong enougto dislocate a persons arm. Ce on boar she is meured and her details are recorded. Next, her flippers are tagged with unique numbers to help rangs identifyer in the future. Th green ture has scars froman. With unique numbers to help theyre common in these waters. Once theoast is ear, she on heray again hawksbill sea turtles also fe dangeron shore. Rats he discoved this st. Once theoast is ear, she norangers st move the surviving eggs so the smell doesnt attract more predators. Rats he discoved this st. Onit all pays off when the baby turtles are ready to hatch. The women of kawaki help build turtle highways in the sand leading from the nests to the ocean. As t hatchlingstart thei joney towardhe sea, th women try to keep them on track. They stand guard against natural predators and poachers. Hawksbill sea turtles are often ught andllegally sd to buye overseas. Turtle is also an important. Traditional food in the solomon islas, and itbeen hunte for ceuries. While the practice is still legal outside the preserve, the women of kawaki are trying to change loc attitudes. For me, im a solomon islander, so i will say that i ate turtles. And then my first trip to the arnavon, that really changed my thinking. Wh you actuay see them coming out from their holes and struggling, making their way to the sea, and then a huge wave comingnd flushinthem, and then out in the ocean the sharks al are ere waalrey r them, then was like, will stop harmg turtles. I will eo harvesting turtles. Shes jt one exple of how kawakis message is resonating across the Solomon Islands. Several won have broht the fight to savturtles ck to their viages to ach othe. Vinia puru hastarted h own fshoot okawaki iher viage. E uses weaerproof fl charts on islands where electricy isnt avlable to ow localommunities h they e uses weaern help. L our generation for tomorrow going to ask, where is turtle . We have to look after our sea turtles. It takes 30 years for turtles to reach sexual maturity. Aftethgreat barrier ef in ousandsstralia. Ters ck to seeing this incredible journey helps the women understand the portt role theplay in conservati. Women are very important because we are the custodians. We are the ones who look after the family, we feed our children. We too prepare the feast and whatever is happening in the community. So it is vy importanthat we women should understand what is happening in our environment. The are now tce as many tule nests itharnavonss there were before the marine park was established 25 years ago. But more needs to be done to save this species. I think that if everyone is cooperating, likwork togetr, then i have high hope for the turtles, for our future generation to see them. Awaki is hing to getore won involvedn educatinand uniting communities to make sure the Solomon Islands are a safer place for turtlestoday and in the future. Thats l from us at global 3000 this time. Were back next week, but dont forget we love hearing from you. So send us your feedback on any of these reports to global3000 dw. Com. And check us out on facebook, dw announcer on this episode of earth focus. We visit oilrich communities in californias San Joaquin Valley and along Alaskas Arctic slope, where residents are asking tough questions about the consequences of fossil fuel extraction. Its been the bedrock of their economic livelihoods for decades but is now fracturing communities and threatening the planet. [cameras shutter advancing]
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