American people and supporting our likeminded allies and partners worldwide. Military leaders, u. S. Allies and even senior figures in Trumps Republican Party have washington, d. C. Of the dangerous of pulling too many troops out before conditions are right. Minutes after the announcement was made, several rockets hit baghdads green zone. Some landed noreaster the u. S. Ambassador and others were intercepted by defense systems. One child was seximmed at least 50eu67 injured. President trump says hes fired chris crebs, the director of the infrastructure security agency. Trump has accused him of making heim inaccurate statements about the u. S. Election. The tweet announcing this has been flagged by twitter. Ethiopias government says its troops have achieved significant victories in the northern region. Strikes have been launched tap regional capital. Its the main base for the liberation front or tplf, this governs there. The flynn authority says it will restore coordination with israel. It suspended all contact six months ago in response to israeli plans to annex parts of the occupied west bank and the United States has adecree agreed to drop drug charges against mexicos former defense minister. He was arrested in las vegas last month on suspicions of drug traffics. Those are your headlines. Inside story is next. Another promising sign in the fight against covid19. U. S. Drug maker mo derna says its vaccine is nearly 95 effective. Is there an end in sight to the Global Pandemic . This is inside story. . Hello, welcome to the program. A second potential covid19 vaccine raising hopes around the world. U. S. Drug maker moderna says trials have shown its vaccine is nearly 95 effective against the virus. Last week fizer and biontec announced similar results but regulators in the United States and elsewhere still have to approve the new vaccines and then theres the question of supply and demand as well as how to distribute billions of doses globally. And some countries may not be able to afford them. Modernas perspective spoke about the work ahead. Its a really important milestone because it demonstrates that our vaccine prevent covid19. Including those who have received it. Its really just a milestone. Knowing the vaccine is going to be effective is great news but we still need to complete the regulatory process, which involves completing the study, generating more data and then get busy manufacturing. With all this encouraging news, theres a risk some may led their let their guard down. The World Health Organization is encouraging people to keep Wearing Masks and socially distance. This is not the time for come plainsy. While we continue to receive encouraging news about covid19 vaccines and remain cautiously optimistic about the potential for new tools to start to arrive in the coming months. Right now, were extremely concern canned by the surging cases were seeing in some countries. Particularly in europe and the americas. Now lets hear from the volunteers who took part in mad ernes vaccine trial and how they feel look their experience. As a phase i trial partition participant, the purpose of the initial trial is to test safety in humes humans and i happened to be the first human to be injected with in trial vaccine and it went great and i feel fwoolt. I was throwing my name in the had to see if nervous something i could go to help out mankind. Its a whirl wind to see how badly this has spiraled out of control in countries that all right arent locking down and taking precautions seriously. Fizer sizz says it will start a pilot test across four states in the u. S. Rhode island, texas, new mexico, and tennessee. But the company says this doesnt mean those states will have preferential access to the vaccine. Its shown to be 95 effective but it must be shim and would stored at minus 70 degrees celsius. Lets bring in our guests. In grenadele would in switzerland, professor smith, professor of emerging infectious dez diseases and also a consultant to the Vaccine Research in the whorled World Health Organization. The director of the Bio Technology lab at rabat technical and uniforms. School and from london, the lead at university college, londons Global Citizenship program on out of bounds of infectious diseases. Welcome to you all. Modernas figures are based on the first 95 participants who fell sick. 90 of them had received the sleebo so is that placebo. Is that enough for people to confidently say the vaccine is 94. 5 effective . This is based on a smaller event size so the company has announced it will continue its trial until they have reach it would preview specified number of events, when they then will do the final analysis. Once tough final analysis, you can really look at the entire number of participants and look have a better look at efficacy and safety. Also in some populations like the older or those with core mobalts. But the inner analysis do look promising. And do you think it looks promising . I think so. I think basically because the vaccination vaccines, a lot of them went through the fails one, that was the toxicity. The fails two, showed some etch cazzie that was really good and now showing very good results. 90 of the population is actually having antibodies against the covid19 and i agree with my colleague, we want to see the numbers increase the numbers to have a clear idea and i think its very good. I just want to remind everybody in the public that the best thing, the best vaccine that we are looking for is the one that will have no adverse drug reaction or immunization reaction and the seconds thing is that something that will be personalized. Since we dont have that yet, there will be some adverse reaction but i think the results that are here are very encouraging and i think more companies are coming with the results soon. Phizer and moderna yumes this m. R. M. A. The method. What situate and why is it so significant . I think its great, great news. Im more excited about the fact that these two Companies Use in technology. There is another company in germany using the same technology because its opened up they werea of genetic therapy and things like that and reminded me and reminds everything everybody that this year, the no bell prilets was about technology that aims to correct all the genetic defects so instead of having an antigen introduced to the body like having an activated virus what we do actually is bring in the r a mess enjer that is the genetic kind of protenals and bring it into the cells and be able to create into the cell, the human cells, to have the antigen and the antibodies produce scombled people can see in a few years maybe this technology can be use todays frules protein as drugs and maybe correct some genetic defects. Were talking about billions of dose that will be needed ultimately. What are the needed components to make the vaccine practically. Are there going to be shortages of things like sirges and viles . What are those challenges . Youve highlighted some of the logistic challenges that some countryles will face. Femblingting what goes into the vac seems itself, what well be looking at is just even the supply of syringeses and many countries in the worlds already since the beginning of the pandemic have faced shortages of essential supplies. We remember how hard it was to trace p. P. E. , that diagnostic test and that opened up a big gap in the market for not only sub standard but falsified products to enter and this will, of course, be an issue once a vaccine becomes available to the wilder population due to the sheer demand. Theres never been a Mass Vaccination Campaign at this scale and within this time frame before so we cannot underestimate how difficult that is going to be. But the w. H. O. Is working with 86 countries and economies to be able to really be focused on manufacturing stwelings purchasing doses in order for this distribution to be a bit more equitable because as we know, this is a Global Pandemic. We cant just focus on a vaccine reaching one part of the world and not the other because it will continue to cross board and he remembers reinfect and ultimately it will prolong the pandemic. So one of the major challenges will also be ensuring that some of these fragile pharmaceutical supply chains in some of the worlds are strength geds. And what percentage of the population are we going to have to vaccination name for this to work . If the vaccine is more effective, can can you get away with vaccinating less people . Does it work like this . Theres a lot of thinking goingiron around how best to use in vaccine as a time that we know that initially we have limited supply and we know that he most of the deaths and or severe disease and hospitallation, i. C. U. Care is needed for the oldser age group so the initial priority then would be first to administer the vaccine to those at highest risk of severe disease outcomes but also acknowledging that Health Care Workers are putting their lives at stake for the sake of society, that we will also, to honor their service, we would also offer it to the Health Workers veryle early on, even as we have limited vaccine supply, as they deserve protection. Howell quickly has the development of these vaccination zones been compared to the time it takes normally for other vaccines . Thats a good question but like to come back to the previous question just to say that we can have an impact on the clinical parts if we can get to 20 of the population that needs to get protected since we know that the virus for 80 of the population, we actually dont have any severe symptoms. So only 20 of the population needs to be vaccinateed . Yeah, so if we can target this 20 for the first phases, it will be great because we cannot reach the 65 for a clinical approach but we can get a clinical impact. I think its very quick we dwelt to that and that was one of the things that lots to have got to with and talked about but they have to remind everyone that why we got, from because we had great experience in the chinese and asian population. Research, actually. Got some Great Research with the sars and it started before 2003 beginning with new approaches for to have the vaccine so as soon as we got in infection in wuhan, six days, we were able to have the genomes of these viruses and in 60 days in china we were able to get Clinical Trials and the other thing that was really interesting, a recommendation, actually, to bring together in lots of cases phase two and phase three and the other reason why we got the vaccine quickly, it was like an implementation or recommendation for all companies that got to the third phase to start production and lots of countries put the none into it so its why we hopefully we get, almost in a year, well get the vaccinationstein and its a big victory not just for these companies for but for humanity to get these kinds of results in one year. There are four failses of testing, i understand. Answer the question that china and russia have aproved some vaccines without waiting for the phase three results. Is that a risk worst taking . The phase three result is the largest part of the trial and has the most amount of pipe in it. Phase one and two is mostly focused on smaller groups to see whether its safe to continue and what the dosing should look like and phase three, we take it into the largest Population Group possible. With diversity and included in that and with the moderna and phizer vaccines we had over 40 of different diverse populations included, which is important to understand how the vaccine can work in different groups. Even in this phase three trial, even when we get towards the ends of it, it still may not mimic what happens in the real world. There are still things that dont translate in terms of efficacy levels, events. That is a statistical issue but it gives us an understanding about overall safety and the speed of which this has gone through is one that is a world record but i would also like to add that these are circumstances in which the worlds has not at least in modern, recent times have has to face. We look at the current the evidence that has come up our other panelists have talked about how quickly we went from mapping the genome boo those phase one trials but this will be the most scrutinized data that will be published in history as well so theres no room to hide. All eyes of the world will going to be on these 210 vaccine candidates. 47 of which are in human phases of the trial and we have 10 that are really at the front runners. Towards tv towards the ends to have phase three trials and we see really positive early interim resul. So my argument from the safety aspect not that anything has changed from a standard perspective. Those standards remain high and especially for vaccines because were imnicing people who are not sick so the rigorous standards are even more so but what is different is that the worlds has screamed to a halt. All to have pharmaceutical industry, researchers, scientists, have been focused on a singular problem. Other a. M. D. Development has been put on pause in order to get a vaccine and this is the speeds that is possible when we really shift our focus. In terms of whether the safety has been compromised, certainly not. Despite the unprecedented scrutiny that the research has been under, there will be people who are nervous this is all happening too fast. I mean people who are just worried. How do you persuade them to have the jump . I think the the most Important Message is we did not cut corner. We went as fast as needed but also as slowly as we needed to with. The difference, of course, is theres more money involved, more resources dedicated and a timeline but by not going sequentially but we are compressing the time linlse by going a lot in parallel. For example, the policy deliberations, started before we had phase three trials so that we are right side for the time the phase three results are out so i think were taking all the precautions that we need. Its all pre agreed and were all sticking to it and we have doing excellent safety monetarying and not cutting corners. There was a survey in france yesterday, half of french people would not want to be vaccination nailt against covid19 at the moment. How do you persuade them . This was really surprising, actually. Because a nature of medicine paper came out in october and the paper was saying that almost 71 of the work population, it was done on absolutely like 10 countries but the most populated countries and in country got the average of 71 will accept actually to take the vaccine. It was surprising that in france has these kinds of numbers. But i think the people are for the first time taking their lives seriously and looking not to the experts to give them the answers but they are weighing the riskbenefits themselves and they think its safer to take time. I was really surprised looking that the paper because in the u. S. It was 7 willing to take the vaccine and in france, actually were around 50 and i think that needs us, actually to engage the community. Its something very important. We cannot build distrust between us, sabretists and between the population. We have to build a trust explaining that all the as verse imanyization effects well get, if we dont connect correctly with them, i think we dont get easily to the most vaccinations. If we get the logistics, to the administration, to the vaccination, if we dont get peoples trust, the populations trust, it will be very difficult to do it. In persuading team people to be vaccination named. If there were unforeseen problems, when do those appear . In the clinical testing stages or weeks, months, years further down the line . Its very common for a pharmaceutical, especially new medicineses to be mobored over a period of time. So likely in this instance, anyone whos receiving a vaccine, there will be monetarying far twoyear period. Doctors, farm cysts usually have a monitoring system. Here in the u. K. We have the yellow cards there you want mhmra, our regulatory body, to assess what type of problems may arise in the future. Its not possible for everything to be caught in a clinical trial, however, what we do have in terms of the history of vaccines is that the benefits far outweigh any risks and so far in the clinical trial, the adverse effects have been really limited towards site injections and irritation of the skin. Really mild issues. However, once we do go into a wilder population, there could be further information gaptsexermeds again, this is something that will be closely monetaried in every country but if we look through the history of vaccines, a really significant problems from vaccination has knowledge been this main story here. Mostly what weve seen is that we have been able to almost eradicate polio. Remember the history of, that especially for many young people, really think about what an iron lung even looks like. So, again, throughout things like also kolera, which has been such a killer. All of these means that our Life Expectancy has grown and improved around the world with almost very little or negligent amount of adverse effects but this will be closely monetaried. What are some of the challenges going to be to deliverying the vaccine from factory to arm. Particularly in places like where you were in morocco, the developing worlds which doesnt have all the resources that north american or European Countries might have . Its a very good question. Just bringing on the plane the vaccine is a very big challenge. The w. L. O. Is very great because it will help each country to have its own strategy looking at its capacity to do it. So logistics is very important there. Not only morocco but africa in general. If you have a vaccine like the mo derna one, the pfizer 1 where youll need 80 refrigeratorsfreezers, its going to be tough. I think its more classic approach for vaccines Like Astrazeneca or others will be something more appropriate for countries like morocco. So i think each country has to have its own strategy. Well be looking to the who to give them the best acommutations for that. Also, the challenges of delivering this vaccine to places with really help roushes to places like independencea, pakistan. Developing countries. What are those challenges . So many challenges because there is now, unlike a Child Vaccination Program where we have the sperptiles, the track records, the mechanism in place. Here we are first targeting oldser people. So for countries that much experience . Delivering the vaccine to omedser people, they can use that experience now to roll out the covid19 vaccine as well. Just to let you know, w. H. O. Developed like a country Readiness Assessment too many. So governments lead to needs to look at this. Do we have, are we right side . Do we know how to deliver, how to store this with the ultra cold chafin requirement that actually both the first vaccines have and do we have enough how do i get to the very opened and deliver to Health Care Workers in homent systems . Theres a lot of work going on. There were training modules now. In fact, i attended a simulation comberps. Countries need to go through simulation exercises now to prepare for these first two or three or four vaccines to be approved within probably by december or early january. Ok, well, unfortunately we are out of time. So much more to zustscust but well be back on this subjects many more times, im sure. But for the moments thanks to our guests and thank you, too, for watching. You can see the program again anytime by visiting our website. Aljazeera. Com and for further debate, go to our facebook page. You can also join the conversation on twitter. We are aj inside story. For me, Bernard Smith and the entire time here, bye. Nakul mahendro it never made sense to me that, like, you walk into this restaurant, everything is super formal, and then you go and you sit down and youre, like, oh, ill have the 10. 99 buffet. Okay. 10. 9buffe, you know. So we were just like, you know, lets just scrap everything. Lets start fresh. Like, what do we want our restaurant to look like . Arjun mahendro we want to change the peeption of Indian Culture in america. So how do we push this needle forward and how do we grow . Nakul were going to serve, like, the most bomb traditional indian food
comparemela.com © 2020. All Rights Reserved.