Past week. We have more from washington. Kimberly we talked about the impact of early voting and the coronavirus and house numbers have searched past 63 million in terms of early mailin ballots. Now a lot of in prison voting starts and this is critical for donald trump, even as he is behind in the up lower enthusia. He needs his voters to get to the polls in the next seven days. Where many of them are is where covid cases arising rising in terms of infections. African union is because the calling for peaceful elections. Protests were held. An explosion at a Religious School in pakistan has given at least eight people has injured at least eight people. The delegation has made visits to the italy province following the russian air strike that killed Turkish Backed rebels in the region on monday. Russia and turkey back opposing sides in the conflict. The u. S. Secretary of state has pledged support for india against threats from china. I pompeo mike on pao mike pompeo said there was your classified data. A major wildfire burning through parts of Orange County in southern california. More than 60,000 people forced to evacuate as powerful wind helps to spread the blaze. Fatal shooting of a mentally ill black man near philadelphia has led to violent protests overnight. Police shot and killed him after yelling at him for not putting down his knife. Those are the headlines on al jazeera. Coming up next is inside story. Hello and welcome to the program. It has been 30 years since chile emerged from a military dictatorship to become a democracy. Chileans are still governed by the constitution written by the military dictator who ruled in the 1970s and 1980s. That is about to change. An overwhelming 78 voted to have a new constitution written. They rejected a proposal to leave that job to the politicians. Sundays referendum was the culmination of a year of tests focused on inequality and one of latins wealthiest countries. We will bring in a guest in just a moment, but first our latin editor has more from the capital in santiago. A massive celebration to mark the end of the former military dictatorship. In the same part of santiago that became the epicenter of protests for more than a year. Millions of chill lands have been calling for chileans have demanded a new constitution to replace the one written 40 years ago under the military dictatorship. Dressed in his sunday best, this 90yearold went to vote in his workingclass neighborhood, not even concerns about the coronavirus pandemic could keep him at home. Ive never had a historic opportunity like this before and never will again. It is the first time we get to participate in the creation of a constitution, that we can have an input in the judicial structure of our country instead of having it imposed your die only hope i live to see the new chile. On the others of town, members of the ghost generation of voters are excited about having cast a ballot for the very first time. This is the first institutionalized change or election that i have ever been convinced its going to work. Because this is a very important change for chile. When the vote counting began, it was clear that chileans by overwhelming majority had improved the formation of an assembly whose delegates will be chosen by popular vote and with gender parity. They will ultimately be the ones to draft the new constitution, a process that could take two years. There was never much doubt about which toys chileans would make which toys chileans would make, which chileans which choice chileans would make. Opponents fear it will create false expectations and lead to economic instability which will only fan more social unrest. Im concerned about the way this has been generated. We need change, but not so drastically. The conservative president who hoped for a very different outcome, can see the defeat in the message to the country. Until now, the constitution has divided us. From today, we must all Work Together so the new constitution is the great framework of unity, stability, and future. It is unlikely this referendum will put social demands for a more inclusive country on hold, but at least for now, any who had lost hope of change in the future feel they have achieved an important victory. Lets bring in our guest, a political analyst who joins us from santiago. Eric farnsworth is a Vice President of the council of the americans and joins us from washington, d. C. And the editorinchief of the english language site chile today and joins us from the capital. I would like to begin in san diego with you, marta. There is a lot of talk about this being a complete, fresh chains for chile and dismantling the legacy a fresh change for chile and dismantling the legacy of the past. Did people just want a change . Martha i think one must understand what the constitution meant for these 30 years. The constitution had is very high majorities of 4 5 to 5 7 and two thirds that were necessary to pass. An enormous amount of subject and laws to produce change. We have had laws that have taken three parliaments, 10 years to be passed in parliament. I think this constitution that chile would have needed to become a developed country or there is no reason why we are not a developed country with the pgb we have. I think the new constitution needs to install rules that make it possible to produce change as time goes along. The american constitution has 25 amendments, and this constitution has had 49 changes in these 30 years and is still not has not been able to have done away with enormous geordies that are necessary to change almost everything. From the political point of view enormous that are necessary to change almost everything. The reason why changes not occurred, we need to change the pension system, the health system, the Education System and the changes that have been needed have not been able to be done because of this conditions in this constitution. This was very much a change that was driven not just by young people, but predominantly by young people coming out to the streets and protesting, but peacefully and sometimes violently as well. The chilean leader was hoping for a very different outcome. Hes now got to reconcile his wanting and need for things to remain the same with this overwhelming desire for change, particular for young people. Definitely, and i think leadership from politicians will be important for the next couple of years when the comfort constitution is going to be written. What is shown in this referendum, it is not only for or against a new constitution, but also who will be the ones to draft the new constitution and chile has shown it is not trusting its politicians to draft a new constitution. Basically what they have to do now is make sure the whole process of electing new representatives in this assembly will go smoothly. But later on, already in november, president ial elections will be held. His only task is to make sure this process and all the elections to come as the agenda is full for the next couple of months. After that, march, february, 2022, he will be replaced by someone else. For now, he is to step back and make sure thing does well, because his name and reputation in entire political agenda has been completely disturbed, not only by the social protests, by the pandemic, economic problems between the United States and china. For him, he doesnt need to step down, but he needs to make sure everything that is to come, especially the elections the well. I would like to go back to marta lagos. There are many expecting this is the Silver Bullet and this will change things for the better, but it is not as simple as that, particularly with economic problems and the structural changes that will take perhaps a generation. Marta yes, i think there are tuning two main changes to be done. One can be done to the constitution, which is power needs to be more horizontal. We are a very traditional society, and we need to modernize. In the sense of who decides what and when, and that can be written in the constitution. In the other thing is taxes. We need a very, very strong tax reform in order to empower the state so that we can install social guarantees. When transition was done in 1990, people expected two things , political guarantees, freedom of speech, basically, and the right to go about and vote, etc. , and social guarantees. The transition has been able to assure political guarantees, it has not been able to assure social guarantees. Chileans have a phd in politics and they know this is not one to happen in one day, but we need to start untangling the traffic jam in the middle of the tunnel and start merging towards the mouth of the tunnel. I think that is the key to the social unrest. Yesterday, on sunday, was the first step, and i think the process will be a little bit messy, but will go in the right direction. I have no doubt this country will go in the right direction. Eric farnsworth, we are looking at what might be a messy transition, but democracy is very rarely easy and clean, but what does this mean for the region . Are we expecting a south american spring, for example . Eric it is a very interesting question. As an outsider observing the chilean ss, is process, is this didnt seem to be a celebration of democracy there the vote was handled freely and fairly without violence. Almost 80 of the people voted in favor of change. Clearly this is something that has been a Long Time Coming in the chilean context. It was a very interesting result and something i think there is a lot to build on. It is very easy to vote for change. The question now comes, your question about democracy being messy is right the question becomes now, what kind of change. There are a lot of competing interests, and once you open up that door to fundamental change, possibly, then a lot of things begin to be possible, but a lot of folks began to resist some of those activities as well. I think there needs to be somewhat of a balance. Having said that, chile from an outsiders perspective has been seen for many years as a model for latin america, certainly economically and in the strength of its democracy, Political Parties, leadership, freely and fairly paired the country as a very Good Relationship with its neighbors, for the most part, certainly with the United States and other countries around the world. There is a lot to be proud of. There is a lot to be focused on for the future. Whether it is a model for the rest of the region, i dont know if it is or not. Clearly a positive model in the sense that democracy can work and isnt always clean or perfect, but it can work and can solve problems. But the chilean models are also a little unique from the rest of the region, so that needs to be taken into account as well. Lets talk about the uniqueness of the chilean model. Marta, one of the things for me about the referendum is the fact that people voted to get citizens to try and change the constitution, rather than leaving it in the hands of the politician perhaps shows a lack of trust in the politicians peered what do you think . Marta politicians. What do you think . Artan started with 60 to 70 trusting institutions and Political Parties. Marta we started with 60 to 70 trusting institutions and Political Parties. This has fallen. We have had distrust of about 85 to 90 distrusting Political Parties in parliament. The distrust comes from the unanswered demand for social guarantees. People were expecting a lot of democracy. Chileans want a lot of democracy. There is 70 support for democracy. There is no way someone could say democracy has been at risk at any part of the process good people want more democracy and less democracy. They dont trust politicians to be to democratic enough. Many say these last governments have defended the minorities, not the majorities. We need to turn this over and show people that governments of the majority and this is what we call the discretion of power the new constitution needs to install. For example, a decent transition of political decisions. So that you have anything that has to be done in this country, you need to come to the president ial palace and talk it over with the main ministers. That is one of the things that needs to be updated. You need to be able to let the regions that are very diverse and then you have very different geographies and different people. And we had the indians. Some have not been allowed to be themselves for 500 years. This is one very important part of the recognition of the diversity we have within the country that needs to be written in the constitution, and it is not. Chile has been a very centralized country and every thing happens in the four walls. This is the mantle has been thrown away. People dont want that anymore. People want to participate and they want direct i am going to bring in eric friends worth. Marta seems positive about this and says Eric Farnsworth in. Marta seems positive about this. You have citizens elected to change the constitution, there will be political influence that will have to be managed. We have seen this in other countries did what can the International Community do to help chilean or is this an internal matter . Eric it depends on who is at the table to draft this constitution and to see what the delegates come up with paired that is a process that will begin sometime later next year. What can the International Community do . Not much, to be honest, nor should we. This is a chilean issue for chileans and certainly from the u. S. Perspective, to the extent we can be supportive of the democratic process, i think that is appropriate. I think there is also a role for the International Community to have a sensitivity to the moment of change in chile, but also of the economic model that chile has had, which has been proven to be a success and proven to be supported by particularly north americans but also investors and folks who are working to help the economy and the Business Community within san diego within santiago. There will be competing interests, and how those interests are allied against each other is a matty for the chilean people. Once the is a matter for the chilean people. Once it is settled, this is something that we either want to move forward with or perhaps change some of the views. That is an issue for the chilean people primarily. We are in a moment in chile where it is a celebratory atmosphere. People are hopeful for the future. As we know, that doesnt last that long, particularly if concrete change isnt seem to be coming. Isnt seen to be coming. Is there a chance that may be missed because it simply might take too long . Boris there is nothing to be missed here. This is the first step in the whole process of writing the new constitution. It is important to manage expectations, because what you do see when you talk to people on the streets during a protest and celebrations is that there is a sensation that a new constitution really might change the lives of a lot of people who have not seen the prophets all the Economic Growth in the last couple of years in chile. It is very important to manages expectations, because chile has shown with protests they can change a country come with mobilizations and manifestations. I think it is very important that they know what they can expect in the next couple of years and the people involved in writing the constitution will do so in a transparent process, and also something to be seen in the months with the protest last year were small gatherings of citizens coming together in parks and classes parks and plazas and talking about how they can change the country. There was a huge participation of citizens at that moment. What is very important to make those people who make sure that chile can write a new constitution right now get included as well in drafting a new constitution. Not by writing it directly, through some form that we there will be an and foot with all citizens. There will be an input with all citizens. What youre talking about is a decadelong process. This isnt a Silver Bullet that is going to change peoples lives straightaway. Isnt that going to be a problem . Boris this is what i mentioned with the process of writing the constitution and it should be very transparent and expectations should be managed by both politicians and those writing the constitution and also by getting normal people, not those we see on the television, involved in writing the constitution, not directly but given a platform where they can transmit ideas and say what they think should be included, because otherwise, we might see into the years or three years people back to the streets because they still havent seen any change yet. It is a process that takes a very long time. These people who are going to read the constitution have possibly very little experience writing a new constitution but have to do so in one year or one and a half years to make sure the process and the change that comes after goes well and people see some of it. It is very important to keep including all of the citizens that voted on sunday. Marta, you notice that the chilean people have a phd in politics and they understand the process and understand that it might take a little while, but how much goodwill is there if this does take 5, 6, 7 or a decade . That will run out, surely. Marta if you look at brazil when the president took office for the first time and installed this knowhow program this no hungry program. It happened in a very particular place to a very particular group of people, and that was enough to show that there was political will to get out of there. As i said, july has a phd in politics and people will understand and will be able to see transparently whether this is going to happen or not. We need to be able to show there is a political will to do things differently in favor of the common good and not in favor of political or particular interest. I think we are running out of time and i want to quickly come back from Eric Farnsworth and you have heard from two people in santiago involved in the change and protest and everything, almost. You still think this is an internal chilean matter do you think chile could do with some help . Eric to the extent that the folks who are actually writing the constitution are looking for models or ideas, certainly, there is a lot out there. The tradition of historic democracy is rich with examples and examples, frankly, to be avoided as well. I think that can be drawn from the street. One has to be careful, particularly from a washington perspective and a United States perspective, this has to be a chilean process, to the extent the chilean people seek assistance in some manner, i think folks can be open to that. You asked a really important question about could this be a model for the rest of the region . And in some ways, chile is unique, but in another way i think it is a very important potential model. We have seen changes come to other latin american countries violently or suddenly or anticonstitutionally or in a manner that disrupts democracy. If the chilean people can pull this off in a way that updates the constitution and does so according to a democratic process freely and transparently and comes out the other side satisfied and perhaps not completely satisfying most interests in the country, that will be a tremendous success as they were at the democracy from generation to generation. Thank you for watching. You can see the program again any time by visiting our website, al jazeera. Com. And for further, those who are facebook further discussion, go to our facebook page. For me and the whole team, bye for now. Donald trump im establishing new vetting measures to keep radical islamic terrorists out of the uited states of america. We dont want em here. Lara kiswani theres a stigma of arab people, muslim people in this country designed to perpetuate and justify the war on terror, and thats what a lot of arabs and muslims are facing today, sort of a really undignified struggle to just live. Dr. Ramzi salti it takes courage to be able to stand up to racism, turn it into a positive moment a moment of learning where you actually use that moment to educate, to let people know about the rich diversity of your culture. Lamees dahbour we want our community, like, san francisco