And india says 20 of its soldiers have been killed in clashes with chinese troops at a disputed border site in the himalayas. Brent i am brent goff. To our viewers on pbs, and others, welcome. We begin with what is being called a breakthrough in the fight against the coronavirus. Researchers in the u. K. Say they have identified the first drug that significantly reduces the risk of death in patients hospitalized with covid19. In a major trial, the low cost steroid dexexamethasone was foud to cut deaths by one third i patients on ventilators and by 1 5 in patients receiving oxygen. Doctors are expected to begin treating people with the drug immediately. One of the trials chief investigators is hailing this about saving people with advanced covid19. He really has quite significant effects, and it is really important, because the drug itself is very widely available. It is almost on every pharmacy shelf in every hospital. It is available throughout the world and is extremely cheap. So we look to the numbers, and if we treat eight patients in intensive care with this drug, we save one life, and the total cost of treating the patients is only about 40 pounds, this is really remarkable. Brent positive news, indeed. My first guest is a professor at the u university of manitoba who joins us from canada. Good to have you on the show. I want to be clear. This steroid, it helps people with severe cases of covidid19. What a about people not so seve . Professor horby gooood questio. We knoww some of thehe i iormatn that came out isis that steroids might actctually exacerbate didisease and thosose that are n the rlrly stages, so i thinknk e of the cononcerns with dexamethasonone is would there e ththe potential that if you treated patientnts too eararly t you might actually end up increasing the potential severity of diseasese, because t actually acts as an antiinfnflammatory, soo i t the have to look a at t this a as a potential g game changer for the patients with sevevere disease distressss, but we arere still lacking some sort of therapeutic that will ultimately help reduce infections in the very early stages of disease. Brent it sounds like, if i am understanding you correctly, it matters here the time in the course of the disisease when you administer this drug, because if you administer it too earlyly, u can actually acceleratate cocovid19. Is that correct . Professosor hororby that is potential. The tricky issue is we do not necessarily see c cealls outside of v vaccines, so o nowe get to the issue of thinking about the timing of when the administrations are done. When the administrations are done. Brent we are told the coronavirus attacks mostly the lungs of the patients, now we are talking about a steroid being used to treat it. What do we know about this steroid, and h how does the steroidd work k against the coronavirus . Professo horor that is a great question. One of the things we look at with these e emerging viruses is the fact that they tend to increase thehe immune response,o we essentialally get an over stimulation of the immune respsponse, which in both casass actually protective for us but in many cases can increase disesease severy, s so with t ts like dexexamethasone, rather r n acting directly y on the virus d inhibiting its ability to create more copies of itself, what they are dodoing is trtry to reduce l of the damage that is part and parcel of an overactive immune system. Brent and an overactive immune system, would that be more the case in younger patients than older patients . I mean, is this drug or steroid better for olderer patients . Professor horby ohoh, such a gd question. I will say upfroront that i a aa virorologist and n not a phyhysn at thihipoint, because i i can simply s say i do not t think we know yet. We a are getting a better pictue of w what the disease looks lika crososs patients in all age groups, so really, what we are seeing, in patients with severee disease, there is an over stimulatioion of the immunee system. How that kind of factors s t across for an age groups and how dexamethasase would p potentialy ofoffer meme protective effect r decreasese damage effefect, i dt think we quite know yet, so we are still in the early stages of understanding that. Brent ok, thank you. From the university of manitoba in canada, jason, appreciate your insight and time tonight. Thank you. Well the chinese capital, beijing, is reimposing coronavirus restrictions amid a cluster of new cases. The city has ordered all schools to be closed and has banned people from highrisk areas from leaving the city. The new outbreak has been chased to a large wholesale foods market. There have been over 100 cases in the city and just the past five days, stoking fears of a second wave of covid19. Beijing residents thought they had put this behind them, but here they are, lining up in the hot sun for mass coronavirus testing. After nearly two months, a new outbreak is causing alarm. Dozens of cases have been from this market, 20 timeses largeger than thehe wet market inin wuha, where the virus was first identified. Pictures from state televevision show thehe response inn the surrouounding neighborhood. Residedents here are not a allod to leave. Authorities say they are in wartime mode as they aim to contain the spread, but anxiety has already made its way to other parts of the city. I am very worried. For now, i do not know what the situation will be in the future, because we are not getting much information. We do not k know i if the virusl spread again. If it does, we shshould worry. I a am in shohock. It w was supposed to be nearly over, and then we suddenly get another wave of cases. Reporter authorities have closed schools, as well as sports and entertainment venues. Only those who recently tested negative are allowed to leave the city and only of travel is essential. The measures fall short of a full lockdown, but the World Health Organization says beijing is doing enough. Cluster like this is s a concern, and it needs to be investigated and controlled, and that is exactly what the chinese authorities are doing. Reporter but other provinces are concerned. Many have imposed quarantine requirements on visitors from beijing, and a c country t tt hd declared victory over the coronavirus is forced to confront the ever present risk of a fresh outbreak. Brent in south africa, schools have reopened after several weeks of a coronavirus shut down, but not everyone is happy about going back to school. The country is seeing a massive spike in coronavirus cases. More than 4000 per day. And the teachers unions, they have warned that the School System is not sufficiently equipped to keep students and teachers safe. Dws reporter tonight from cape town. Reporter police out in force in front of a school, an odd way for studedents in cacape town to begigithe day. This school must lock down today. Reporter but some said they would forc a all schchools to close. Only a few showed up, but they were furious. The schchools should d be sht until such time that we are surely assured that everything is fine, no one would be affected. Then, schools can reopen. We should shut the schools until next year. This is to kill the children. Reporter two teachers at the school have tested positive for covid19. The g gentleman wasas jusut claiming that there is too many children in the classes. You can come and look at yourself if you want to. Reporter temperature checks, social distancing. The school assures us they are taking protective measusures seriously. The local government has always already spent the equivalent of 15 million euros. This is for t the learners. Reporter the two teachers who have come dowown th thehe virus were affected o outside of thehe school, and their contacts have been isolated, so the principality doesnt understand why people are protesting. The principal does not understand why peoplple are protesting. That is my view. Reporter experts predict that the first break in coronavirus cases in cape town will hit in the coming weeks. Soututh africa impmposed one ofe strictest lockdowns worldwide at the end of march when the infection numbers w were still veryry low. Now, in june, the country decided to open the schools again why we are seeing a massive increase in the number of cases, especially here in the western cape and the area around cape town, the epicenter of the outbreak in south africa. Society is worried about whether it was a good idea to reopen schools at this point of time or not. One virologist is happy t that s son can goo back to school agai. He says the risks to children of the virus are low, but there is no consensus on how dangerous it may be to others. I am afraid children in the schools are getting infected and then bringing it back to the poor households, where three or four generations live under the same roof. That means usually in one or two rooms. Social distancing from grandma or grandpa is impossible in these circumstanceses, so that n lead to more infectionons. So far, south africa has only allowed students in seventh and 12th grades to return to school. The rest wilill come e in july d august, most likely accompanied by protesters. Brent here are some of the other stories now making headlines around the world. U. S. President donald trump has signed an executive order to encourage changes in policing. It provides incentives for more training and restricts the use of police chokeholds. But critics say the order does not address charges of systemic racism in police departments. Police have fired tear gas at a demonstration of Health Workers in paris. The clashes broke out during peaceful protests in the city. Demonstrators are demanding an end to budget cuts, and they what more investments in Public Health care. It comes as the countrys Health Care System is struggling amid the covid19 pandemic. Malta has opened an investigation into alleged leaks between the former police chief and people implicated in the murder of a prominent journalist threree yeaears ago. The police chief resigned in january amid accusations that he had bungled the investigation into the journalists murder. The army in india says at least 20 of its soldiers have been killed in a clash with chinese forces. It happened along a disputed order in the himalayan mountains. China has accused india of a provocation. Chinese media are reporting chinese casualties. Although tensions between the two sides have been building over the last month, this is the first incident with fatalities in more than 40 years. High in the himalayas, trouble has been brewing for weeks. These settler images showed chinese troops gathering in a disputed border region. Now, for the first time in decades, india says 20 soldiers were killed. The two sides fought with fists and rocks. No shots were fired. Beijing said it was defending its territorial integrity. Shockingly, on june 15, they seriously violated the bilateral consensus and crossed the border line twice, engaging in illegal activities and provoking and attacking chinese personnel, resulting in serious physical confrontation between order forces on the two sides. Between Border Forces on the two sides. This yellow line is the line of actual control, not a hard border, marking the line between, since china and india have never agreed where it should live. In 2017, the two sides confronted each other for days after indian troops blocked construction of a road. Flareueups affect the chinese ad indian leadeders, with a lasting solution seemingly out of reach. This latest escalation suggestss a difficult path ahead d for the two nucleararmed nations. Brent yes, and foror more tonight, i am joined by a senior lecturer in International Study at a college in london. It is good to have you on the program. We have seen more than four decades of a tense standoff, but no fatalities and, of course, no war. How worried shohould we e be afr thesese fatalalities . I w wld be very, very worrieied. I think there are going to be dynamics where delhi and beijing are going to try to deescalate, the standoffff is much more assertivive thann what isis seen in the last few years, over the last 30 or 40. Brent do we know why is that . Why aree we seeing a more assertive,e, aggressivee stancey both countries . Well, there are twowo answers to that. The first one, obviously, is there are ongoing problems in termrms of very disputed line of actual conontrol, or l loc, whee both sides disputete t the natuf the line, and b both couountries haveve been very recently and aggrgressively buildlding roadsa waway that makes the other feel more insecure. That has to be added to the Coronavirus Crisiss, in which china has taken the opportunity asas sort of ann early success case, at least up until, i think, aouple of days ago in terms of the disease, to whwhile t there is still a lot f distraction in india, to kind of assert their own authority in the region. Brent so o using the pandemic s a way to provoke india. We know that this decadadesold dispute is about the border between india and china. Talk to me a little bit about why it has been so difficult to resolve this dispute. Adnan well, thehe border, and there are more than 1000 miles worth of borderr between india and china. There are t two parts, spececifically, disputed. This is the western n side of tt dispute, which is between the nonowindianuninion territory, which was part of the state o of kashmir, and chinese tibet, the special region. And china has never accepted the authoritity of borders that were drawn by the british empire, and by the british empires clalaim, like one s state, and whahat cha hahas been trying to do is asset its own authority for b both sot of geopolitical purposes but also ideological ones, and t the was a big sort of challenge, and the last time there wawas a big war between india and china was 1962, which followed a number of confrontations. Brenent ok. Adnan, unfortunately, we are out of time, but we appreciate your insights tonight. With the depepartment of war studies at the college in london. Venice has reopened its labyrinth of canals and streets to international tourists. It is an important step after the pandemic shut down. They see more than 300 travelers a year for every one of its inhabitants, but many venetians are asking, can their steady withstand a future modeled on the past . Venices legendary waterways, a rare commodity. Gondoliers are slowly returning to the city canals, but so far, few visitors have indulged themselves. Usually packed with tourists, this pr to seems almost deserted. This piazza seems almost deserted. Venice is gradually opening up to visitors again, but not everyone is looking forward to the return of the masses. One person sees t this as an opportunity for muchneeded change. She has been advocating for a more sustainable tourism, one that does not put the city at risk. The problem with venice is it is an extremely fragile, delicate system, and you cannot just do anything you like to venice. It needs to be treated carefully. Otherwise, there will not be any venice left in the future, and we need to be responsible about the legacy of venice and think about what venice has given to us. Other people have a right to get that, too. Max she tells us venice has a unique way of life that is threatening to disappear. She wants to engage more, spend more time at museums and not rushing through. The city population has dropped from an hundred 75 thousand from world war ii to just above 50,000 inhabitants now. There are roughly 30 million visitors who come here every year. Visitors say venice has been suffering from over tourism for years. The Coronavirus Crisis has given venice a break from cruise ships and daytrippers, but from an economy based on tourism, it is a challenge. Though the last months were difficult for this man, he still imagines a different future. The coowner of a hotel, he wants his gueststs to enjoy a slow, true venetian, as because it, experience. This could be reduced through better regulation. If there are days with too many people around that walk around, that is because there is a wrong management of the city, because how can you put the grand canal in the same period as the opening of the museum . I mean, we should think more to organize the tourism. Tourism is 12 months, not in six months. Max while many agree, venice needs to change the way it handles its visitors. The City Tourism Council would like to further assess the situation before applying anany drastic measures. This s is not a museum. You know some other cities in the world . I do not think so. Many people speak about the tourists. There are 30 million, and so on. It is not true. We will count and know how many people come every day and then no. Max for one resident and activist, just empty words. Right now, that does not seem to be that there is political will at all. I think the politicians are too focused on making money out of venice in this short time, and by thinking in that way, they are kind of killing the goose that lays the golden egg. Max with travel restrictions now being lifted all over europe, venetians should not take too long to decide what kind of future they see for their city. Brent sports news now, new York Governor Andrew Cuomo has announced that the u. S. Open will take place despite the coronavirus pandemic. The u. S. Tennis Association Says it will hold the tournament in august without fans. That is despite top players expressing their concerns about participating due to the spread of the virus. The u. S. Tennis association will take extraordinary precautions to protect lawyers and staff, including testing, additional cleaning, and extra locker room space. All right, they have done it again, the bundesliga champions, match 32. It just happened. None other has gotten the crown as much as byron munich. The last time that a club other than them that became champions was eight years ago under the former coach. All right, for more now, lets cross over to our correspondent. He followed that match with some fans in munich. Good evening to you. So if these were normal times, if byron munich had one, won, we would see people all over the place celebrating, but these are not normal times, so how are people celebrating . These are not normal times, bread, and you can see these people in downtown munich at the bar. Now, it is a lot quieter. I spoke to the owner of this bar before, and he said that usually, you would expect 600 to 800 people where we are. Where we are, only a few people here, but he said there are maybe 200 people, and because they cannot let in as many people as he would like because of social distancing rules, and obviously, the bar in theory would have had to close 20 minutes ago. The police have been more lenient on a night like this, letting people stay and finish watching the game. Also what we have not seen is that after, there is usually a huge party when bayern when the title, where there are thousands of people who celebrate, and the people come out. All of that will not be happening this year, branch. Brent yes, and i can see behind you, there are not a lot of face masks. Interesting to note. Lets talk about Bayern Munich. It is their eighth title in a row. How important is it . The fans are use them winning. This is their eighth title. The fans here are more disappointed if they do not win the title than they are excited if they do. Having said that, thihis is only one of three competitionons this year, and the other is the german cup, and there is another competition. If they win that, they have not won that since 2017, 7 years. That would be huge. If they did win, you could expect to see very different scenes in the streets of munich despite the pandemic, brent. Brent Bayern Munich win theyre tied with a muted celebration this time. Thank you. Win their 8th title. In the news, a lowcost steroid, dexamethasone, was found to cut deaths by one third in patients with ventilators, 1 5 in patients receiving oxygen. You are watching dw news from berlin. After a short break, i will be back to take you through ththe day. We will be r right back. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] ce twenty four. Com. India says at least twenty of its soldiers hahave been k killed in clashesn the b border w with chinahe firt outbreak of hohoility for some five decades on the terrace tree kashmir. Travel to from chinas been restricted by beijing to try to control an extremely severe situation. Schools been closed large partss of the capital im not on lockdown as another code nineteen have break is taking hold. Donald trump signed an executive order to end what hes called in the pathh of failure. Us president commiserated with grieving families please victims and added. Using crime