First, the roof of one building is opened to the stars. Then, the walls retract, and an object straight out of star wars appears, shooting a laser into the sky. If you thought space was a peaceful haven, think again. Its a competition that i wish wasnt occurring, but it is. And if were threatened in space, we have the right of selfdefense, and well make sure we can execute that right. Martin and use force if necessary. Thats why we have a military. You know, im not nasa. Kroft im steve kroft. Stahl im lesley stahl. Safer im morley safer. Whitaker im bill whitaker. Pelley im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. My advice . Look on the bright side. With aveeno® skin brightening scrub. It has moisture rich soy and gentle exfoliators for brighter more radiant skin. Aveeno® naturally beautiful results®. It may seem strange, but people really can love their laxative. Especially when its miralax. It hydrates, eases and softens to unblock your system naturally so you have peace of mind from start to finish. Love your laxative. Miralax. People with type 2 diabetes come from all walks of life. If you have high blood sugar ask your doctor about farxiga. Its a different kind of medicine that works by removing some sugar from your body. Along with diet and exercise farxiga helps lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. With one pill a day, farxiga helps lower your a1c. And, although its not a weightloss or bloodpressure drug farxiga may help you lose weight and may even lower Blood Pressure when used with certain diabetes medicines. Do not take if allergic to farxiga or its ingredients. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction include rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing or swallowing. If you have any of these symptoms stop taking farxiga and seek medical help right away. Do not take farxiga if you have severe kidney problems, are on dialysis, or have bladder cancer. Tell your doctor right away if you have blood or red color in your urine or pain while you urinate. Farxiga can cause serious side effects including dehydration, genital yeast infections in women and men, low blood sugar, kidney problems, and increased bad cholesterol. Common side effects include urinary Tract Infections changes in urination and runny nose. Do the walk of life yeah, you do the walk of life need to lower your blood sugar . Ask your doctor about farxiga. And visit our website to learn how you may be able to get every month free. Pelley two and a half years ago, we were reeling from the shock of the murders of 20 first graders and six educators at sandy hook elementary school. Since then, weve learned that the killer suffered profound Mental Illness. His parents sought treatment but at least once, their Health Insurance provider denied payment. Because of recurring tragedies and an epidemic of suicides, weve been investigating the battles that parents fight for psychiatric care. As we first reported in december, we found the vast majority of claims are routine but the Insurance Industry aggressively reviews the cost of chronic cases. Long term care is often denied by Insurance Company doctors who never see the patient. As a result, some seriously ill patients are discharged from hospitals over the objections of psychiatrists who warn that someone may die. In the pictures, theres no sign of the torment of katherine west. But by the age of 14, she was wasting away, purging her food. Nancy west, katherines mother was told by her doctors that the bulimia was rooted in major depression. Nancy west in fact, prior to the eating disorder, she was cutting, so there were self harming behaviors from, i would probably say, at least 12 on. Pelley to stop purging, she had to be watched around the clock. Her doctors prescribed treatment that could cost more than 50,000 at a hospital for 12 weeks. The Insurance Company stopped paying after six weeks . West six weeks pretty much was it for them. They were done. And if you know about a Mental Illness, you dont cure a Mental Illness in six weeks. Pelley the Health Insurance company was anthem, second largest in the nation. An anthem reviewer found katherine should leave the hospital because she had put on enough weight. Her doctor warned that she was desperate to shed those pounds. West they were telling the Insurance Company, she needs to stay here. She needs more longterm treatment. She isnt ready for this. Pelley the Insurance Company overruled the doctor. Katherine west came home as an outpatient. West i was texting her no response. I got home at 12 30 that day and i found my daughter in bed. Shed been gone for hours. And i just remember running through the house screaming. I couldnt believe it. My beautiful girl was gone. She was gone. Pelley katherine was dead at the age of 15. As her doctors predicted, shed been purging again, which led to heart failure. Did it make sense to you that a doctor at the Insurance Company was making these decisions based on telephone conversations . West no, no, they didnt observe my daughter. Youre talking about a psychiatrist, a pediatrician, a therapist who observed my daughter on a daily basis. But some nameless, faceless doctor is making this decision. And i was furious, because basically, to me, he was playing god with my daughters life pelley the kind of review that resulted in the discharge of katherine west works like this after a patient is admitted, an Insurance Company representative starts calling the doctor every day, or every few days. If that representative decides that the patient is ready for a lower level of care, then the case is referred to an Insurance Company physician who reads the file, calls the doctor, and renders a judgment. We have found in these chronic expensive cases that judgment is most often a denial. How often the results are tragic, no one can say. But we have found examples. In 2012, jacob morenos further hospitalization was denied, even after a doctor warned, the patient states that he wanted to kill other people, many people. The next day, moreno was naked in the street, swinging at strangers and attacking a police officer. They used a taser to take him down. The state ordered him back to the mental hospital. Richard traimans hospital stay was also cut short. As he was being discharged, he said he would throw himself off a bridge. He didnt. He hung himself the next day. Harold koplewicz theyre called managed care, but its really managed cost. Pelley dr. Harold koplewicz knows insurance review calls well. Hes a leading psychiatrist and founder of a research organization, the child mind institute. Koplewicz when i was running an inpatient unit, i would have to literally speak to a clerk on the phone to say, i need approval for this patient to stay here another five days. And they would say to me, well, is the patient acutely suicidal or acutely homicidal . Well, not right now because hes in the hospital. We took the knife away. We took the gun away. We took the poison away. And they would say, well, then why does he have to be in the hospital . You think to yourself, am i in. Is this oz . Pelley the Insurance Company wants to send them home. Koplewicz well, its a lot cheaper, in the short run. And if youre managing costs on a quarterly basis, you can understand why, from a business point of view, for that quarter, it makes sense. For the sake of the child, for the sake of our society, for the sake of the childs future, it doesnt make any sense. Pelley of all the cases we looked at, one of the most revealing was ashleys. She suffers from bipolar disorder. Ashley in 2012, i had had a suicide attempt. I couldnt find a way out. Pelley was this a cry for help, or did you want to die . Ashley this one was real. I was alone. I tried my best. Pelley ashleys mother maria, asked us not to mention the family name. Maria one of the doctors told me on the phone, im really sorry, but you will probably bury your daughter. Pelley in 2012, ashley was in the hospital for the fourth time that year. They thought they had taken away everything that could hurt her. But she smashed her cell phone and cut her wrists with the glass. What did that tell you, in terms of the treatment that she needed . Maria it told me that she needed longterm treatment to survive. Pelley maria says that anthem recommended treatment at timberline knolls, a residential facility. A doctor said ashley needed 90 days. But after sending her to illinois from california, anthem denied payment after six days, saying that ashley could be safely treated with outpatient services. Did the people at timberline knolls believe that. . Maria no, they didnt. Pelley that she was well . Maria no. They absolutely didnt believe it. They gave us the option of paying 22,000 for. To complete the 30 days. And at that, we. There wasnt a chance that we could do that. Pelley now, look at how ashleys care was denied. This log shows dr. Tim jack, a psychiatrist working on behalf of anthem, called ashleys doctor three times in 32 minutes. One call was disconnected. He left two messages. Dr. Jack waited 22 minutes for a call back, and then denied coverage. From the first call to denial 54 minutes, speaking to no one. Why so fast . Well, it may be, in part because many insurance doctors are paid by the case. Dr. Jack is a contractor who gets 45 per patient. In court records, dr. Jack says he does 550 reviews a month. So, working from home, that comes to 25,000 a month. We spoke to 26 psychiatrists from across the country, and every one brought up dr. Jacks name. Some called him dr. Denial. This is a recording of dr. Jack telling a physician that a patients level of care should be lowered. Tim jack because given what his current progress is and his current symptoms are, he can be managed at a lower level of care as effectively as in an intensive outpatient program. You know, doctor, i just want to say that i have spoken to you on so many different occasions and with so many different clients, and ive never really had a positive outcome as far as authorization from you, so i just needed to bring that to your attention. Jack this is not a personal matter. I understand, sir, but the client appears to meet the criteria, so. Pelley we found dr. Jacks denial rate averaged 92 in one sixmonth period in 2011. But that was typical among 11 reviewers contracted by anthem. Some of them had denial rates of 95 and 100 . Whats the impact on a family after a phone call like that . Kathryn trepinski devastating. Pelley Kathryn Trepinski is a lawyer who represents patients. She does not represent ashleys family, but she has filed suit against anthem and other insurers. Trepinski theres untold suffering, and the family is usually left in the very difficult position of either paying for the care out of pocket, which is tens of thousands of dollars, or they say no to their loved one, to their child. Pelley anthem says that the reviews are checked by a supervising doctor, but when we obtained ashleys denial letter, we found her review by tim jack, m. D. , was supervised by timothy jack, m. D. So, he signs the documents twice . Trepinski yes, except that he doesnt actually sign them himself. Its a robosignature. Pelley dr. Jack has acknowledged an anthem computer put his name to letters that he does not see, and on cases he didnt review. Trepinski it suggests a layer of review thats not there. Because the signing doctor is described in the letter as having made that coverage determination, and he didnt. Pelley we tried to reach dr. Jack in calls and a letter. We stopped by his home. But he declined to speak. Katherine wests and ashleys parents gave us permission to ask anthem about their cases. Anthem declined an interview but its chief medical officer wrote that they explored and provided the families numerous care options that went beyond their covered benefits. He goes on to say, successful outcomes require a partnership between patients, families medical professionals, and health plans. For the Insurance Industrys view, we found anthems former california medical director, dr. Paul keith. He retired in 2014 after years supervising anthem reviews including those of dr. Jack. He told us that, too often Insurance Companies are abused by care providers. Paul keith doctors will spin the clinical information. They will make things appear more serious than, perhaps, they are, because they feel strongly the patient needs this level of care for a little longer. So you do have a somewhat adversarial relationship between the reviewer and the attending physician. Pelley youre saying the. The doctor will overstate the case to get the Insurance Company to approve the client . Keith unquestionably, that happens not all the time. And ive been doing this for you know, over 30 years. Pelley you describe these conversations as adversarial. Is that best for the patient . Keith well, its like our legal system if you. Each side does a good job in presenting their case and asking the right questions, you ultimately arrive at the truth. Pelley but these can be life and death decisions, and you dont know till its too late. Keith i cannot, offhand, think of a situation where a decision was made to discharge a patient from a hospital and some terrible consequence occurred soon thereafter. Im sure it happens, but. Pelley we found quite a few. Keith id have to look at them to see. Theres one that occurs to me that i was involved with where the child left the hospital with his parents, escaped from his parents, drove crosscountry to another state, and days later, committed suicide. Keeping that individual in the hospital longer is not likely to have made any difference. Pelley i would have to imagine that the parents would say, if youd kept him in the hospital, he wouldnt have been in another state killing himself. Keith parents become fearful that, if they leave too soon the same things going to happen that may have happened in previous occasions, but you cant keep an individual in the hospital forever. Pelley so, to the parent who says the Insurance Company is just trying to get my child out of the hospital, you say what . Keith its half true the Insurance Company may very well want that child to go to a lesser level of care, but money is not the basis for the decision. Pelley a lot of people watching this interview are going to have trouble with the idea that Insurance Companies are not trying to save money. Keith of course, your Insurance Companies are trying to save money. Theres a lot of treatment that is not medically necessary that is provided, and that is a waste of healthcare dollars, and the resources are scarce. Pelley ashleys family hired a lawyer and appealed to the california Insurance Board which overturned anthems denials. Now, she is in treatment for bipolar disorder, treatment that may last a lifetime. After katherine west was buried, her mother filed suit against anthem. After the mass murder at newtown, the state of connecticuts Sandy Hook Commission studied mental health. In its final report, it says the insurance review process is a formidable barrier to care, and it recommends a state Agency Review all denials. Cbs money watch update correspondents correspondentsered by lincoln financial. Calling all chief life officers. Good evening. President obama unveils new regulations tomorrow calling for Carbon Pollution to be cut 32 in 15 years. Verizon workers in nine states will continue to work without a contract. And a 1952 mickey mantel Baseball Card was sold for a record 400,000. Im elaine quijano, cbs news. Introducing the Samsung Galaxy s6 active only from at t. Tested to withstand pretty much anything life throws your way. Switch to at t and get a 300 credit with eligible purchase and tradein. You ever think about how the cement of your driveway. Connects to the ends of the earth . From roller coaster hills. To musical streets and movie chase scenes. Its all one road. Everywhere you take it tells your story. And wherever you are is where the road begins. The camry. Toyota. Lets go places. Yes, we are twins. When i went on to ancestry i just put in the name of my parents and my grandparents. I was getting all these leaves and i was going back generation after generation. You start to see documents and you see signatures of people that youve never met. I mean, you dont know these people, but you feel like you do. You get connected to them. I wish that i could get into a time machine and go back 100 years, 200 years and just meet these people. Being on ancestry just made me feel like i belonged somewhere. Discover your story. Start searching for free now at ancestry. Com. Pelley now, cbs news defense correspondent david martin on assignment for 60 minutes. Martin without most of us noticing, our everyday activities everything from getting cash at an atm to watching this program depend on satellites in space. And for the u. S. Military, its not just everyday activities the way it fights depends on space. Satellites are used to communicate with troops, gather intelligence, fly drones, and target weapons. But as we reported earlier this year, top military and Intelligence Leaders are worried those satellites are vulnerable to attack. They say china, in particular, has been actively testing anti satellite weapons that could, in effect, knock out americas eyes and ears. No one wants a war in space, but its the job of a branch of the air force called Space Command to prepare for one. If youve never heard of Space Command, its because most of what it does happens hundreds, even thousands, of miles above the earth, or deep inside highly secure command centers. You may be as surprised as we were to find out how the high stakes game for control of space is played. The research being done at the Starfire Optical range in albuquerque, new mexico, was kept secret for many years and for a good reason, which only becomes apparent at night. First, the roof of one building is opened to the stars. Then the walls retract, and an object straight out of star wars appears, shooting a laser into the sky. The lasers beam helps a high powered telescope focus in on objects in space so the air force can get a better look at the satellites of potential adversaries like china whizzing by at 17,000 Miles Per Hour. Its part of a complex, and mostly secret, battle for what the military considers the ultimate high ground. John hyten there is no such thing as a day without space. Martin thats the mantra of general john hyten, the head of air force Space Command. Hyten think of what life used to be like and all the things that we have today in warfare that wouldnt exist without space. Remotely piloted aircraft all weather precision guided munitions didnt exist before space. Now, we can attack any target on the planet, anytime, anywhere in any weather. Martin what would the u. S. Military do without space . Hyten what happens is you go back to world war ii. You go back to Industrial Age warfare. Martin and your job is to make sure there is no day without space. Hyten absolutely. And you should be thinking right from the beginning that this is a contested environment and. Martin hyten drills into his troops that u. S. Satellites are no longer safe from attack. 11 countries, including iran and north korea, now have the ability to launch objects into orbit. And russia and china have been testing new antisatellite technologies. Hyten its a competition that i wish wasnt occurring but it is. And if were threatened in space, we have the right of selfdefense, and well make sure we can execute that right. Martin and use force if necessary. Hyten thats why we have a military. You know, im not nasa. Martin Space Command has 38,000 airmen at 134 locations around the world. One of their most visible missions is to make sure u. S. Satellites can always get into space from launch pads like this one at Vandenberg Air force base in california. Hyten this is where space begins. If you cant get the satellite into space, its worthless. Im a satellite guy, so i get very nervous around rockets. Because the most valuable thing on the rocket is the top, is the satellite, because when you have 500,000 pounds of thrust, if anything goes wrong, its an explosion. Its dangerous, and you lose the capabilities thats on the top. T minus 15 seconds. Martin the u. S. Has more satellites in space than any other nation over 500 and counting. More than 30 military and civilian launches will take place this year at Space Command bases in florida and california. The pentagon told us it spends 10 billion a year on space. But we found a white house report that estimates the real cost is much higher 25 billion, when you count spy satellites and other classified spending. Thats more than nasa or any other space agency in the world. Some of those satellites have provided the gps signals used to direct smart bombs at isis targets in iraq and syria. But a lot of people dont realize those same gps satellites provide the signals your smart phone uses to navigate. Its a service the air force provides free, not just here in the United States but to the entire world. William cooley this is a global utility, and theres a lot of people depending on this, and we understand that. Martin at a boeing plant in los angeles, colonel bill cooley showed us a gps satellite that was being tested in a special chamber to make sure it was ready for launch. Cooley when these things get on orbit, theres no depot. You cant drive it back into the maintenance shop. Its somewhat like trying to design an automobile that is going to run for, you know, 12 to 15 years, and you cant take it in the shop, you cant take it in for refueling, but its got to run 24 7. Martin in orbit, the satellite will spread out its solar panels, point its odd looking antennas towards the earth, and broadcast its location, along with a time signal accurate to nanoseconds. A gps receiver needs signals from four of these satellites to figure out its location. Colonel cooley told us it costs a quarter of a billion dollars to design and build each one. And to put it into space, how much does it cost . Cooley thats about the same. Martin so youre pushing half a billion dollars to get that thing into space . Cooley thats right. Martin the u. S. Has 31 active gps satellites in space right now, and a lot more than smart bombs and smart phones depend on them. Bank atms, cellphone towers and power grids use their signals. Farmers use gps to work their fields. So at your active time, you are just going to go active. Martin the gps satellite system the whole world relies on is operated out of this room at Schriever Air force base in colorado by Lieutenant Colonel todd benson and his team. Prepass svn 34. Martin we were a little surprised by how many people it takes. Todd benson eight personnel. Martin eight people . Benson yes, sir. Martin for the entire world . Benson yes, sir. Martin so, are these technological experts . Benson yes, sir. But theyre as young as 19 years old. Martin isnt there a minimum age for driving satellites . Benson laughs not here. Martin another thing that surprised us is that theres no way to effectively armor an important satellite like this or to conceal its location from attack. So it cant hide in space . Cooley thats true. And we. In fact, its. It tells you where it is. Martin this is a system the whole world depends on, costs a small fortune to put it up there, and its a sitting duck. Cooley well, this is one of the challenges that. In Space Command that were. We are very aware of. Martin today, can a u. S. Military satellite maneuver itself out of the way of an upcoming antisatellite weapon . Hyten it depends on a huge number of variables. Martin so the answer is, maybe. Hyten the answer is maybe. Martin so, youve got these satellites worth hundreds of millions of dollars, and they maybe could get out of harms way . Hyten it depends on the satellite. It depends on the mission. It depends on when it was built, depends on how old it is. It depends on when we know the threat is coming. Martin knowing a threat is coming is no small task when the territory youre responsible for is 73 trillion cubic miles. Space command maintains a Global Network of radars, telescopes, and Satellite Communications antennas like this one. You can see the magnetic lines, just they are looping all over. Martin all the information feeds in to the joint Space Operations center, jspoc for short, at Vandenberg Air force base. This is the command center for space . Jay raymond yes, sir. 24 7, 365 days a year maintaining. Martin if a u. S. Satellite were attacked, Lieutenant General jay raymond would use this phone to alert a chain of command leading to the white house. Is an attack on an american satellite an act of war . Hyten thats been a line of debate for as long as ive been in this business. Martin if there is an attempt to attack or interfere with a u. S. Satellite, who makes the decision about what we do about it . Hyten that would be the president of the United States. Martin and its not just an antisatellite weapon theyre worried about. There are other dangers, too. Raymond today, we track about 23,000 objects. Martin how many of them are actually functioning satellites . Raymond roughly 1,300 of those are active satellites. The rest are debris. Martin junk. Raymond yes, sir, junk. Explorer, this is kowalski reporting visual contact with debris. Debris is from a bse sat. Martin the movie gravity dramatized the devastating effect manmade debris travelling at 17,000 Miles Per Hour could have on the International Space station. The jspoc tracks dead satellites, old rocket boosters, even stray space gloves, and alerts satellite operators and astronauts if a collision is likely. Raymond last year, in 2014 the International Space station was maneuvered three times to avoid colliding with a piece of debris. A lot of the debris thats threatening the space station was created in 2007 when the chinese tested a groundbased antisatellite weapon. It crashed into one of their old weather satellites 530 miles above the earth, shattering it into pieces. Raymond this is the debris that resulted from the 2007 chinese asat. So this is about 3,000 pieces of debris just from that one event. Martin that came just from that one collision . Raymond just from that one collision. Martin debris apart, how important was that test in terms of revealing Chinese Space capabilities . Hyten it was a significant wakeup call to our entire military. Until that singular event, i dont think the broader military realized that that is something were going to have to worry about. Martin have they conducted any similar tests since . Hyten they continue to conduct tests. The testing theyre doing is to make sure that the. If they ever got into a conflict with us or any other spacefaring nation, they would have the ability to destroy satellites, and that is a bad thing for the United States, a bad thing for the planet. Martin a bad thing, no doubt, but is the u. S. Doing it, too . And did china recently raise the stakes, testfiring a weapon deeper into space than ever before and threatening some of this countrys most valuable satellites . That part of our story, when we come back. Now a cbs sports update brought to you by prevnar. Troy merit claimed his first pga tour victory. He finished at 18 under after setting a course record with 61 on sawrd. 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Even at the height of the cold war, those satellites stationed deep in space, some 20,000 miles above the earth were considered safe from attack. But as we reported earlier this year, deep space is no longer the sanctuary it once was. A former Space Command officer told us that, two years ago, the chinese tested an antisatellite weapon that went higher than any previously reported, and came too close for comfort to the area where those Missile Warning satellites are located. Brian weeden if those satellites are now at risk, that is something that, from the u. S. Militarys point of view, is new. Because its always believed those satellites, there wasnt really a significant threat to those capabilities. Martin brian weeden served as an officer in air force Space Command until 2007. Hes now technical adviser to the secure world foundation, which promotes the peaceful use of space. Weeden the topic for todays discussion is. Martin weeden says the chinese have testfired as many as six groundbased anti satellite weapons. Only one, in 2007, actually hit a satellite and created debris. But one of the others soared to new heights. Weeden there was one test in may of 2013 that may have gone as high as 30,000 kilometers. And thats one that i think really is kind of causing quite a bit of concern on the u. S. Side. Martin to understand just how far that is, the International Space station orbits at about 200 miles above the earth, and those gps satellites we showed you orbit at 12,000 miles. The 2013 testlaunch weedens talking about is believed to have gone up to 18,600 miles just shy of whats known as geosynchronous or geo stationary orbit. And thats where the u. S. Military has stationed some of its most valuable Missile Warning sensors and topsecret Communications Devices that serve as its eyes and ears in time of war. Weeden i think what keeps a lot of American Military planners up at night is if china has antisatellite capabilities, when do they use those in a conflict . Do they use them at the start to try and blind the u. S. . Martin those sound like the. The crown jewels of american satellites up there in geosynchronous orbit. Weeden absolutely. Those satellites were developed in an environment where the u. S. Assumed there would not be reason to attack them. So you end up with a small number of very expensive satellites that have a lot of capability packed onto each one. End result is juicy targets. Martin a spokesman for Chinas Foreign Ministry admitted testing an anti satellite weapon in 2007, but china has denied conducting subsequent tests, and told us it is committed to the peaceful use of outer space. It said the 2013 launch into deep space was simply a science experiment. But using skills he honed as an officer in Space Command, brian weeden analyzed commercial Satellite Photos and other publicly available data about the launch. He concluded that science experiment was probably fired into space by a military missile launcher like this. Hyten this building was built. Martin general john hyten, the head of air force Space Command, has seen the classified intelligence about that launch. These followon chinese tests, how high up do they go . Hyten pretty high. Martin well, how highs that . Hyten i wont characterize what. What the chinese capabilities are. I just will tell you that we know what they are. Martin well, ive read reports by a congressional commission, which said that, in the next five to ten years china likely will be able to hold at risk u. S. National security satellites in every orbital regime. Do you agree with this statement by the commission . Hyten i think theyll be able to threaten every orbital regime that we operate in. Now, we have to figure out how to defend those satellites, and were going to. Martin Space Command is making its new satellites more maneuverable to evade attack and also more resistant to jamming. Its building a new radar system that will enable the Space Operations center to track objects in space as small as a softball. And its deployed two highly maneuverable surveillance satellites to keep watch on what other countries are doing high up in geostationary orbit. Satellites watching other satellites. Hyten satellites watching other satellites. Martin and how do they improve your knowledge . Hyten because theyre up close. Martin normally, the capabilities of spy satellites are kept top secret. But Space Command put out this fact sheet about its new assets in geosynchronous orbit. Hyten we want people to understand that were watching. There will be no surprises in geo. And we want everybody in the world to know that there will be no surprises in that orbit. Its way too valuable for us to just be surprised. Martin deterrence in the Nuclear World was built on weapons. Hyten right. And deterrence in the. In the space world has got to be built on a little bit different construct. Its the ability to convince an adversary that, if they attack us, they will fail. Martin air force secretary Deborah Lee James told us the pentagon plans to spend an extra 5 billion over the next five years to protect its satellites. What do you consider to be the greatest single threat to u. S. Satellites . Deborah lee james an anti satellite weapon would certainly be a great threat. A laser would be a threat. Jamming capabilities are also a threat. Martin do china and russia have lasers that could blind american satellites . James they are testing and investing, and that is worrisome to the United States. All right, good morning bravo crew. We are going to start it off with intel. Martin testing and investing in sometimes mysterious ways. Russia is going to be launching a soyuz 2. Martin last year, airmen at the joint Space Operations center monitored the seemingly routine launch of three Russian Communications satellites. Lieutenant jay raymond and his team spotted what they assumed was just an ordinary piece of debris from the launch. Raymond about a week later a young air force captain detected that that debris started to move. Martin move, as in maneuver, right up close to the body of the rocket that had launched it into space. So what is that object that keeps maneuvering in space . Raymond david, im not going to speculate, but i can tell you what it isnt. Its not a piece of debris. Weeden that type of maneuver is whats called a rendezvous and proximity operation. And its actually something that the u. S. Had been working on for the last several years, if not longer. Martin satellites that can rendezvous with other satellites may someday be used to refuel or make repairs. But theyre potential weapons, as well. If you can get close enough to inspect or service another satellite, is that close enough to disable it . Weeden absolutely. And theres. Theres a wide range of ways you can do that. Martin such as . Weeden breaking off a solar panel or even some have theorized, you know, spray painting over optics so that the satellite cant see anything. Martin so if you thought space was a peaceful haven think again. This is a new kind of space race, a cosmic game of hideand seek. And the same technology that enables this telescope to see more clearly into space could potentially be used to help a laser weapon focus more powerfully on a target. The Bush Administration wanted to develop such a weapon here in 2006, but ran into resistance from congress. Is any work being done on lasers that could be used to blind satellites . James theres no such work at this time. Martin does the u. S. Have any weapons in space . James no, we do not. Martin im thinking of satellites that maneuver next to another satellite, and then take some action to disable it without blowing it up. James we do have satellites that maneuver, that look at things in space. But not what you just described. Martin you think the chinese believe that . James i. I dont know what they believe. Martin when the chinese look at americas Space Operations, they see a program that, by most estimates, spends ten times more than they do and has tested antisatellite weapons of its own. Space command told us an american f15 fired a missile into space five times in the 1980s, and one of those times destroyed a u. S. Satellite creating debris that remained in space for decades. One of the officers involved in that test was general hyten. Hyten i think it was a surprise to most people on that program how much debris we created. Martin so where do we get off lecturing the chinese about testing antisatellite weapons if we were the first and if we created debris . Hyten well, it. Because we learned our lesson and told the world and the congress said, you will not test that weapon anymore. Martin but when a u. S. Intelligence satellite containing hazardous fuel malfunctioned in 2008. The navys aegis defense system, designed to knock out incoming missiles, was used to shoot it down. Chinese must think weve got an antisat. Satellite capability as well. Weeden i think they certainly have come to that conclusion, or not. If the u. S. Doesnt have a capability they certainly could field one very quickly. Martin what you just described is the formula for an arms race. They see a capability, we have a capability. They react to that capability. They react, we react, and there you go. Weeden i think it certainly could turn out that way. Martin one of the big dangers is that a problem in space could inflame a conflict here on earth. For instance, if a nation suddenly lost its earlywarning satellites in the middle of a crisis, it might assume it was the beginning of an attack. Weeden now, in reality, it mightve been a simple manufacturing failure. It mightve been a piece of space debris. But in the moment of crisis, i think thats the sort of situation that could escalate something that might otherwise have. Have stayed partly contained. Martin general hyten told us Space Command is currently only developing weapons that do not create debris, like this mobile jammer which can be used to incapacitate satellites. Hyten we have a capability called a Counter Communications System that is built to deny an adversary the use of space communications. All i can say is its a capability that exists on the ground, and it does not create debris in any way. Martin the only two things you told me about the u. S. Ability to fight in space are the ability to maneuver your satellites and to jam other satellites. Is that it . Hyten thats not it, but thats all i can tell you. Martin one secret project is hiding in plain sight. Its the x37b space plane, a small, remotelypiloted vehicle that can fly in space for 20 months at a time. A model of it hangs in hytens headquarters in colorado. So here is your chance to end all the speculation about what the space plane is really for. Hyten its really for cool things. Martin for instance . Hyten for instance, it goes up to space, but unlike other satellites, it actually comes back. Anything that we put in the payload bay that we take up to space we can now bring back. And we can learn from that. Martin can you tell me whether or not, someday, the space plane is going to become a weapons system . Hyten the intent is. I cannot answer that question. Martin but if. If youre determined not to create any more debris in space, why cant you say that this might not become a Weapon System . Hyten im not going to say what its going to become because were experimenting. Martin hyten told us there are bound to be conflicts in space. The important thing is to avoid a shooting war that could create so much debris, it might become impossible to put satellites or astronauts into orbit. The chinese, of course, look at everything youre doing, and they. Hyten im sure theyre looking at this. Martin . And they say youre developing the capability to threaten them, and that all those satellites are a direct threat to their National Security. So why wouldnt they create a capability to take out those satellites . Hyten you know, the. The chinese are also building a very robust Exploration Program to go to the moon, to explore the stars. They could destroy their entire program by going down the way they are. Martin theres not a shooting war going on out there. But it sure does seem like there is a very highstakes contest going on in space. James it is high stakes. Martin high stakes with very few rules. A 1967 u. N. Treaty calls for the peaceful use of space. That sounds nice, but leaves a lot of room for countries to do what they want. Right now, is there any code of conduct for Space Operations . James there is not an agreedupon code of conduct. Martin so its every country for himself . James pretty much. For a look at how 60 minutes reports its stories as well as interviews with correspondents and producers go to 60minutesovertime. Com. But not every Insurance Company understands the life behind it. Those who have served our nation. Have earned the very best service in return. Usaa. We know what it means to serve. Get an Auto Insurance quote and see why 92 of our members plan to stay for life. [ female announcer ] when youre serious about fighting wrinkles, turn to roc® retinol correxion®. One week fine lines appear to fade. One month deep wrinkles look smoother. After one year, skin looks ageless. High performance skincare™ only from roc®. We live in a world of mobile technology, but it is not the device that is mobile, it is you. 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