Transcripts For KYW 60 Minutes 20240622

She says he couldnt have been clearer about how he wanted his life to end. He asked me to hand him the bottle and i did. I had the dosing syringe in my hand. He took the cap off and he drank what was remaining in the bottle. Cooper could you have stopped him . I could have, i think. I mean, he did it pretty quickly. But no, i didnt try to stop him. Cooper should terminally ill people be able to end their own lives . Thats our story tonight. Safer this is inside the Washington Monument the moment an earthquake struck washington, d. C. , in 2011. One of the nations most treasured memorials now had to close. It would take a superman to put it back together again. But in fact, it was clark kent in a suit and tie, armed with just a blackberry and a passion for american history. A shorter version of it. Safer he is David Rubenstein, and he spent hundreds of millions of his own fortune to help save the monument and some of the other great symbols of american democracy. Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im morley safer. Im anderson cooper. Im bill whitaker. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. Cbs money watch update wrotd to you in part by glor glor good evening. Tomorrow Congress Begins its 60day review of the iran nuclear deal. Cuba reopens its embassy in washington helping restore relations will end the u. S. Economic embar get and banks reopen in greece with restrictions on withdrawals. Im jeff glor, cbs news. Hey honey what ya doing . Getting my free credit score at credit karma. I got great credit. When was the last time you checked . Thats a lotta dough daddyo. We gotta check your credit. Hmmmm. Your credit is outa sight alright you know Credit Scores change. Arent you curious to know what yours is now . Still got it. Credit karma, get your free score now. See, weve completely remodeled the kitchen. Cozy. Lets go check out the pantry its our dunkin dream room. Amazing. Delicious Dunkin Donuts coffee. Pick some up where you buy groceries. Try our kcups today. America runs on dunkin. The foot emerges from its long winter hibernation. And preening is a must. Instantly, smoother, Beautiful Skin starts to be revealed. And the mating process begins. The dr. Scholls dreamwalk express pedi stahl what do cars precisionguided missiles, and the television youre watching right now have in common . They all depend on something called rare earth elements unusual metals that are sprinkled inside almost every piece of high tech you can think of. Most people have never heard of them. But we have become so reliant on rare earths that, a few years ago, an intense global power struggle broke out over their free flow. The reason is that one country has a virtual monopoly roughly 90 of the mining, refining, and processing of rare earths, china. And in 2010, it used that power to disrupt the worlds supply. As we first reported last march, its especially troubling because it was the United States that started the rare earth revolution in the first place. It all began here at this mine in Mountain Pass, california, an hour west of las vegas, when geologists first identified rare earth elements deep in the Mojave Desert. They were considered geological oddities until the 60s, when it was discovered that one of these elements, europium, enhanced the color red in tv sets, and soon the rare earth industry was born. Cbs presents this program in color Constantine Karayannopoulos rare earth chemistry is fascinating. Theres so many more things that we could be doing with rare earths. Stahl Constantine Karayannopoulos, chairman of molycorp, which has owned and operated the Mountain Pass mine for six decades, took us to the heart of the operation. Is this considered a big mine . Karayannopoulos in terms of rare earth standards, yes. Its one of the biggest in the world. Stahl are we actually walking on rare earth elements right now . Karayannopoulos were physically on the ore body. Stahl we are right on it. Karayannopoulos it starts at the top of the mine, then comes down, and were walking on it and it goes in that direction. Stahl so, what are rare earth elements . If you ever took high school chemistry, you learned that theyre clumped together at the end of the periodic table atomic numbers 57 through 71 and they have difficultto pronounce greek or scandinavian names. Karayannopoulos lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium. Stahl some of them are phosphorescent. Erbium amplifies light, and is used in fiberoptic cables. Gadolinium has Magnetic Properties and is used in m. R. I. Machines and xrays. As for neodymium . You may be carrying some of it in your pocket. Karayannopoulos next time your phone vibrates, think of us because the vibration motor is a small motor that contains a tiny neodymium magnet in it. Stahl karayannopoulos showed us around a new model home to illustrate that rare earths are making our appliances Energy Efficient, like stateoftheart refrigerators, touchscreen thermostats, Energy Efficient light bulbs, the air conditioning systems. Theyre also in our cars in the form of catalytic converters sensors, and hybrid car batteries. Karayannopoulos hybrids, in particular, use a lot more because they contain electric motors that would not function without rare earths. Stahl a prius has roughly 25 pounds of rare earths. And theyre hidden in plain sight in our every day lives, in our computers and gadgets. Even the lights and cameras we used to film this story are chock full of rare earths. What im getting from you is that modern life depends on these elements. Karayannopoulos absolutely. Stahl despite their name rare earths are not rare. Small amounts can be found in your backyard. Theyre trapped in what looks like ordinary rock. But there are only a few places on earth with concentrations high enough to mine. Karayannopoulos rare earths normally are found in very, very low concentrations. This is probably running something in the 25 grade. Stahl thats good . Karayannopoulos which is remarkable. To anyone who has ever worked with rare earths, this is a thing of beauty. Stahl but getting the rare earths out of that rock is nasty business, requiring toxic acids and lots of water. In fact, the mine was shut down by the state of california in 1998 after radioactive water seeped into the surrounding Mojave Desert from an underground pipe. The mine lay dormant for a decade, giving china an opportunity. Dan mcgroarty the chinese made a very conscious decision to enter that industry. Stahl Dan Mcgroarty was special assistant to president george h. W. Bush, and today advises the u. S. Government on critical materials. When the molycorp mine closed, he says china was already well on its way to becoming the king of rare earths. Mcgroarty theres a point at which the lines cross. The United States production declines, chinese productions ramping up. Those lines cross somewhere around 1986. Stahl so how did they pull it off . What were the factors that allowed them to basically take this away from us . Mcgroarty well, the advantage of lower labor costs would be a place to start. Also, environmentally, very. Almost no Environmental Constraints around mining, safety considerations for the miners doing mining, in huge contrast to the United States. So, that translates directly into lower pricing. And lower pricing can push other people out of the market. Stahl and thats basically what happened . Mcgroarty thats basically what happened. Stahl the chinese also had orders from the top. In a littlenoticed speech in 1992, Deng Xiaoping signaled chinas intention to corner the market. What exactly did he say . Mcgroarty the middle east has oil. China has rare earths. Stahl he actually said that, Deng Xiaoping . Mcgroarty actually said that. I think its fair to say, at that point, people in the rest of the world, who had been saying, what are. What is he talking about . Stahl just went right over our heads. Mcgroarty i think so. Stahl did we just not foresee what they foresaw . Mcgroarty its extraordinary if they actually foresaw all the uses. Our designers and developers advanced the miniaturized applications for laptops and cell phones, while the chinese were going after the metals and materials out of which these things are actually built. Stahl how did they get the knowhow . Mcgroarty an enormous amount of investment. Its kind of like the chinese moon shot, the moon program. Stahl china poured billions into the industry, ignoring the consequences. We obtained this video from a freelance cameraman showing the area near baotou, chinas rare earth capital, where the air land and water are so saturated with chemical toxins, the chinese have had to relocate entire villages. This is one of the few places where rare earths are turned into metals, which are then alloyed, or blended, into things like permanent magnets. Ed richardson these are magnets that once you magnetize them, they stay that way. Stahl ed richardson, president of the u. S. Magnetic materials association, says the most important use of rare earths is in magnets. Only a small amount can produce magnets able to lift a thousand times their weight. Richardson this is a cell phone. Stahl he showed us how miniaturized rare earth magnets can be. Richardson so im going to take it apart layer by layer and were going to get to the point where we can actually see the magnets, the rare earth magnets, that are inside there. Stahl oh, let me see this. Richardson theres three little magnets in there. Stahl oh, one, two, three. Richardson right. If you put the paperclip on, you can see how it sticks. Stahl and this little tiny thing is the speaker. Richardson right. This is how devices have gotten small, very powerful, because the magnets are so powerful, you dont have to use much of it. Stahl the u. S. Developed this technology, but china bought most of it right out from under us. For instance, in 1995, china bought the biggest American Rare Earth Magnet Company magnequench, which was based in indiana. Richardson when they bought the factory, they now had the patents. They now had the equipment. And they actually had some of the magnequench employees in the United States go to china and teach the people how to make the products. Stahl did we not understand the strategic importance of keeping that industry here . Richardson we didnt get it. And unfortunately, the technology was transferred to china before that technology was appreciated. And now, were seeing so many, for instance, Defense Systems that are dependent on it. Stahl does that make us dependent on china for our Defense Systems . Richardson oh, we are very dependent on china. Stahl we are dependent on china for our weaponry. Richardson right. Stahl a prime example of that is the new f35 fighter jet, the most technologically advanced weapons system in history. Each one contains nearly half a ton of rare earths. Former white house official Dan Mcgroarty says thats just for starters. Mcgroarty the guidance systems on Weapons Systems and tomahawk cruise missile, any of the smart bombs have rare earths in them. Lasers. Id be hardpressed to name anything that we would consider Worth Building today and Going Forward that would not have a rare earth compound in it. Stahl because of this, because of the monopoly on rare earths, does china threaten our National Security . Mcgroarty unchecked, yes. Stahl what finally woke up the u. S. Government was an incident at sea in 2010. A chinese fishing trawler rammed a Japanese Coast Guard ship in a territorial dispute. The japanese seized the boats captain, and two weeks later china stopped shipping rare earths to japan. Mcgroarty the chinese cut them off. And for 30 to 40 days, the rare earths did not flow to japan. So it was a real shot across the bow for the japanese that this is something that you have to be worried with. Stahl it was a wakeup call. Finally, 20 years after Deng Xiaopings speech, rare earths were on the u. S. Radar screen. Barack obama this case involves something called rare earth materials. Stahl president obama announced a formal complaint to the World Trade Organization against china for creating shortages for foreign buyers and last august, the w. T. O. Ruled against beijing. No one in the Obama Administration would talk to us on camera about rare earths and our dependence on china, including the department of energy, the pentagon, or the u. S. Trade representative. Even the private sector didnt want to discuss the problem. We tried to get interviews with heads of companies that use the magnets and other products coming out of china, and they would not talk to us. Is there fear in hightech companies that if they Say Something negative, maybe china wont sell them what they need . Mcgroarty i think that there is grave concern in these companies, but perhaps not a willingness to talk about that on a street corner. So what is the u. S. Doing to restore the industry here . Out in california, molycorp was allowed to reopen after it developed new technology that protects the environment. But even when its at full capacity, the mine will only produce a fraction of the worlds supply of rare earths. The pentagon has begun stockpiling rare earths, and industry is researching new technologies that would replace them. Do you get any help from the u. S. Government . They want to have a rare earth industry here. Karayannopoulos encouragement, yeah. Stahl encouragement, thats it . Karayannopoulos yeah. Stahl the government is not offering incentives like tax breaks or subsidies that would lure businesses into the market. What needs to change to bring more of the industry back to the United States . Karayannopoulos first of all, we need to take a longterm view. It took 20 years to lose the dominant position, at least 20 years. And its probably going to take us ten, 15 years, if we execute, for some of these supply chains to start coming back. Stahl but trouble is once again looming for the u. S. Rare earth industry. Since restarting operations two years ago, molycorps Mountain Pass mine has yet to turn a profit, and is so deeply in debt, it recently filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. See how rare earths make common conveniences. Stahl this is the microphone. Right. Stahl . On the cell phone . Go to 60minutesovertime. Com. Sponsored by lyrica. Before fibromyalgia, i was the goto person. I was energetic. Then the chronic, widespread pain drained my energy. My doctor and i agreed moving more helps ease fibromyalgia pain. She also prescribed lyrica. For some patients, lyrica significantly relieves fibromyalgia pain and improves physical function. With less pain, i feel better. Lyrica may cause serious allergic reactions or suicidal thoughts or actions. Tell your doctor right away if you have these, new or worsening depression or unusual changes in mood or behavior. Or swelling, trouble breathing rash, hives, blisters, muscle pain with fever tired feeling or blurry vision. 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Smash it make the call and ask your doctor if jublia is right for you. New larger size now available. Cooper should doctors and family members be allowed to help terminally ill people end their own lives rather than succumb to the last ravages of disease . The question has been the subject of a fierce and long running, statebystate battle. In the vast majority of states the practice is currently not allowed, or else its unclear and quite possibly illegal. Our story tonight is about a woman who was prosecuted for allegedly helping her 93year old father kill himself. Barbara mancini lives in pennsylvania. As we first reported last year her father was terminally ill and in pain, and had repeatedly said he wanted to die. One morning while she was caring for him, mancini says he asked her to hand him his bottle of morphine. Barbara mancini he asked me to hand him the bottle and i did. I had the dosing syringe in my hand. He took the cap off and he drank what was remaining in the bottle. Cooper could you have stopped him . Mancini i could have, i think. I mean, he did it pretty quickly. But no, i didnt try to stop him. Cooper this is Barbara Mancini and her father, joe yourshaw, in happier times, at barbaras wedding in 1994. Yourshaw had served in europe during world war ii and earned a bronze star in the battle of the bulge. Barbara had always known him to be industrious and strong minded. He was active well into his 80s. But in 2013, he was 93 and suffering from kidney disease, cardiovascular problems, and a host of other ailments. His medical records say doctors expected him to live six months or less, and he was telling anyone whod listen he wanted to die. Mancini he had very focused convictions about how he wanted to live, and being independent was a big part of that. Cooper he didnt want to wind up infirm in a hospital bed on a feeding tube. Mancini no. Absolutely not. He was adamant that he never wanted to be in a hospital. Cooper he put his wishes in writing and made barbara his health care proxy. He stopped taking medications that might prolong his life, and enrolled in a Home Hospice Program that prescribed small doses of morphine he could drink to ease his pain. It was in february 2013, at his home in pottsville pennsylvania, that barbara says he asked her to hand him that bottle of morphine. Whatd you think when you saw him drink it . Mancini i said, well, i think you just drank a lot of morphine there. And he said, i want to go to sleep. And i just sat down next to him and i held his hand. And he laid back and we started to talk. Cooper did part of you think, this is him saying good bye . Mancini yes. Cooper did you think at all about calling a hospital or calling a doctor . Mancini no. I would not have done that because it was expressly against his wish, and i was. I promised him i would honor his wishes. Cooper she did tell a hospice nurse who visited the house that morning what had happened, and the hospice called the police. An officer soon came to the door. Mancini he told me i no longer had any say in what happened to my father. Cooper and he was taken to the hospital. Mancini he was. Cooper what happened to you . Mancini i was arrested on the spot. Cooper did they tell you why you were under arrest . Mancini the Police Captain said i was being arrested for aiding a suicide. Cooper whats the penalty for that . Mancini up to ten years in prison. Cooper Barbara Mancini believes that what happened that morning should not be against the law, and in some states, it isnt. We love you. We love you, rog. Cooper if hed lived in oregon, joe yourshaw might have been able to end his life as this man did, as captured in a 2011 documentary. You have the right to change your mind. My minds not changing. Cooper this lethal potion of barbiturates was legally prescribed after two doctors certified he was terminally ill and mentally competent. Because all the requirements of oregons law were followed, no one involved was in danger of prosecution, even though some of them helped him kill himself. Theres your merchandise. Cooper more than 800 people in oregon have used lethal prescriptions to end their lives since that state enacted its death with dignity act 18 years ago. Washington and vermont now have similar laws. In montana and new mexico, courts have ruled its legal under existing law. Everywhere else, surveys suggest, the practice goes on very quietly to keep physicians and caregivers out of trouble. Barbara coombs lee what happened to Barbara Mancini was rare, but the risk of what happened to her pervades every bedside of every dying individual. Cooper Barbara Coombs lee is president of compassion and choices, one of the nations largest advocacy groups on end oflife issues. She helped write oregons death with dignity act, and believes every state needs a similar law. Without it, she argues, doctors still write lethal prescriptions but they do it in secret without any standards. Coombs lee doctors often write prescriptions for life ending medication for each other, just as they write prescriptions for lifeending medications for their patients with winks and nods. Cooper and it shouldnt be done with winks and nods . Coombs lee it should be a transparent, open process. Thats how you make a practice safe. Cooper there are, of course, all sorts of objections some religious, some moral, and some from doctors themselves. Ira byock anything we can do to just make this day a little better for you . Cooper dr. Ira byock is a dartmouth professor and head of the Providence Health care Systems Institute for human caring. Hes been nationally recognized for his efforts to provide terminally ill patients with better care. But he is strongly opposed to laws like oregons. Ira byock theres certain things that people arent supposed to do to one another, as absolutes. They are not okay. Doctors killing patients is not okay. Cooper but shouldnt people have the ability to. To determine the. When their life is no longer worth living . Byock you know, when a physician is involved in a suicide, its a social action. And if you want to look at the societies like belgium and. And netherlands, well, nowadays, people who have just lost interest in living, or are clinically depressed, are being euthanized legally. Is there anything you can say, barbara . Cooper Barbara Mancini was released on bail, but she was forced to take an unpaid leave from her job as an e. R. Nurse. The case against her was complicated by the fact that her father did not die right away when he got to the hospital. His medical records indicate he responded well to a drug that reversed the effects of the morphine and he awoke in the e. R. Mancini my mother and my sisterinlaw were with him, and they said they had never seen him so angry in his. In his entire life. He pulled out his i. V. Cooper he pulled out his own i. V. Mancini yeah, he apparently pulled off the. The wires for the heart monitor, and tried to get up and leave. Cooper four days after being taken to the hospital, joe yourshaw died. Though his death certificate lists morphine toxicity as the primary cause, hospital records suggest a number of other possible causes including aspiration pneumonia and failure to thrive. The records also show that because of his daughters arrest, yourshaws family allowed the hospital to provide medical treatment he specifically said, in his living will, he didnt want. Barbara coombs lee says studies in medical journals indicate thats common, even when there is no arrest. Coombs lee i think most people dont realize that an advanced directive, the paper that we fill out and have other people sign as witnesses, it cant mandate. It cant require a doctor or a Health Care Provider to do anything or not to do anything. Cooper i think most people think the complete opposite . Coombs lee actually, in order for those wishes to have any force, they have to be reduced to a medical order. Cooper but only two states have wellestablished systems to ensure that a medical order regarding lifesustaining treatment will be respected throughout the health care system. In other states, theres no guarantee. Barbara mancinis court case dragged on for months. Though compassion and choices helped pay some of her attorneys fees, the legal bills mounted, and so, she says, did the stress on her family. Did you feel that you had aided a suicide . Mancini no, i didnt. I felt like what i did was hand my father his medicine. Now, he didnt tell me, im going to kill myself today. He asked me for the medicine. Cooper you think if pennsylvania had a law like they have in oregon, things wouldve been different . Mancini i do. And i also feel that he should have had the option if he wanted it. Cooper but dr. Byock, who reviewed joe yourshaws records at our request, questions whether yourshaw would have needed a death with dignity law to end his life if he had simply received better endof life care from his hospice. Byock if i was his family, i would have been livid. Cooper why . Byock they were just doing the regulatory minimum for mr. Yourshaw. And they werent really addressing his suffering to the extent it. It needed to be. Cooper in a statement, the hospice of central pennsylvania said, by law, we are unable to comment on this specific case, but the care we provide greatly exceeds the regulatory minimum. Asked why it called the police to the yourshaw home, the hospice said its nurses must obey the laws, and state law makes it a crime for someone to aid another in committing suicide. Hospice records reveal joe yourshaw to have been a difficult patient, who at times refused to take any medication. But the records also show yourshaw repeatedly told hospice workers that he suffered from pain all over, and felt that by living, he would be more of a burden to his family. Byock i think that this case is emblematic of how we are failing elders, chronically ill people, Vulnerable People in america. Cooper failing how . Byock in so many ways. We are, you know, not treating peoples suffering. We are making them feel undignified. Ask any boomer whos cared for their parents, theyll tell you that even for those of us who are doctors and nurses, its really, really hard to get the basics of care for. For your frail loved one met. Cooper Barbara Mancini would say, well, if. If pennsylvania had the kind of laws that oregon now has, which would have allowed her father to get some. Some medicine that could have ended his life, whether he chose to use it or not, that would have at least given him a sense of. Of peace. Byock so, what were saying to mr. Yourshaw is, were not going to treat your pain. Were not going to train your doctors to counsel you. Were going to basically ignore you. But dont worry, because if the time comes when youre feeling hopeless, we can write that lethal prescription. In. In what world is that a progressive, positive development . Cooper is it possible that your father swallowed that morphine because he was in a lot of pain. Mancini yes. Cooper . And he didnt want to be a burden to. To your family, rather than a real desire to end his life . Mancini that certainly is quite possible. Cooper well, is that an argument for better endoflife care, as opposed to, you know, death with dignity acts or. Mancini i dont know why better endoflife care and death with dignity cant coexist. Why not . Cooper a year after Barbara Mancini was arrested, a state judge dismissed the charges against her, ruling that the prosecutions case appears to have been based on little independent investigation and significant hearsay. Mancini good afternoon. My name is Barbara Mancini. Cooper last year, mancini left her nursing job to work with compassion and choices, encouraging other states to pass laws similar to oregons. Shes fighting for a cause now but says shes also struggling to come to terms with what happened to her father. Mancini there are some nights i lie awake in bed and i just relive this whole thing. And less of it has to do with what happened to me. More of it has to do with picturing him lying there in that e. R. Crying out, knowing what i read in the. The hospital record. Cooper the way he died haunts you . Mancini yes. Because the way his life ended was exactly the way he didnt want it to end with no control, in pain, having things done to him. And i feel terrible about it. We are beginning a journey and at this moment we are bound by nothing. Technology empowers us to achieve more. It pushes us to go further. 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As we reported in may, checks for 15 million, 20 million are just chicken feed. Among his recipients jeffersons home, monticello; rare Historical Documents; the care and feeding of pandas; and most dramatic, the restoration of the Washington Monument. This is inside the Washington Monument the moment an earthquake struck washington d. C. , in 2011. One of the nations most treasured memorials now had to close. It would take a superman to put it back together again. But in fact, it was clark kent in a suit and tie, armed with just a blackberry and a passion for american history. David rubenstein its a monument to our first president and to the revolutionary war general. Safer how did he manage to pull it off . Not with muscles but with money, lots of money. Rubenstein its a shorter version of it. Safer our clark kent is David Rubenstein. When he heard about the damage he offered to pay the 15 million it would take to repair it. Isnt that what government is supposed to do . Rubenstein well, the government doesnt have the resources it used to have. We have gigantic budget deficits and large debt. I think private citizens need to pitch in. Cochair of the campaign for the national mall, David Rubenstein. Safer congress, not wanting to be shown up by a single patriotic american, ended up offering to split the bill and the monument reopened to much fanfare last spring. applause hes so far spent over 50 million on rare Historical Documents like original copies of the declaration of independence and the emancipation proclamation, which now hangs in the oval office. And hes looking to spend millions more to restore National Monuments like the Lincoln Memorial and the homes of the founding fathers. Rubenstein in honor of George Washington, we built the Washington Monument. Safer we met up with him at mt. Vernon, George Washingtons home, where he gave us a tour and an impromptu history lesson, which led inevitably to the founders teeth, or absence thereof. Rubenstein George Washington only had one tooth, and he used that one tooth to kind of hold in his dentures. And they were called wooden teeth, but not because they were wood they were animal teeth, but he had a doctor in new york who was named dr. Greenwood and it was shortened to wooden teeth. What they do is they take animal teeth, put them together in a denture. But you need something to hook it onto, so he had his one tooth. And thats why youll never see a picture of him with his mouth open, because didnt look good. Safer youre somewhat of a George Washington scholar. Rubenstein well, i wouldnt say a scholar. But id say a fan. Safer why did you choose him . Rubenstein as it was said at his funeral, he was first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen. Safer unlike most multi billionaires, rubenstein doesnt have a foundation and personally oversees each gift from his modest washington office. How do you make the judgment because you dont have a staff correct . Rubenstein i dont have a staff. But i generally look at things where my money will make a difference. And in patriotic philanthropy, i. I think i can do some things. Because not as many people are doing things in medical research or other kinds of areas like that. Safer but you seem to make these decisions spurofthe moment. Rubenstein sometimes, the best decisions in life are on the spur of the moment. So i generally try to do what i think is right, and sometimes i make mistakes. Safer care to talk about your mistakes . Rubenstein it would take more than 60 minutes. laughter safer rubensteins foray into patriotic philanthropy began on a whim when, on a business trip to new york, he heard the last privately held copy of the 800yearold british magna carta would be auctioned off the next day and would most likely leave the country. Rubenstein sent his wallet into action. Rubenstein the head auctioneer came in and said, you just bought the magna carta. Who are you . We dont know who you are. And i explained. And they said, okay, it can be yours, if you have the money. You do have the money for this . I said yes. And they said, okay, you can leave the side door, nobody ever know, or theres 100 reporters who want to know who bought it. And i said, i will go out and talk to them, and tell them that im giving it to the country, in effect, as a down payment on my obligation to give back to the country. What are the symbols on the seal . Safer beyond the 21 million purchase price, rubenstein built a multimilliondollar center at the National Archives to showcase the document that served as the inspiration not only for our bill of rights but for all western democracies. Rubenstein if you are better informed about american history, you can be a better citizen. Safer his friend Warren Buffett says rubensteins approach is unique. Warren buffett he may wake up in the morning without knowing what that philanthropic act is going to be by sundown. But something will spark his interest, and when it does he. He can move. Safer Jonathan Jarvis is director of the National Park service. He oversees the nations memorials. Have you ever had any offers of somebody whos come forth with his attitude and his dough . Jonathan jarvis not really. I think david is somewhat unique and is sort of occupying this space of patriotic philanthropy at the moment. Safer what else has he offered to pay for . Jarvis well, the next big project he did after the Washington Monument was the robert e. Lee memorial, which sits at arlington cemetery. He gave us 12. 3 million to do a full restoration, and then he has also offered just recently 5 million to restore the marine corps war memorial, the iwo jima. David recognized that this is an opportunity to give back to the country, and also to recognize the marine corps, where his father served. Rubenstein the people in the house are wondering who are these crazy people who are out here. Probably wondering whether im about to be indicted. Safer we traveled with rubenstein and his mother bettie to the home he grew up in in working class baltimore. His father was a mail sorter at the post office. Rubenstein when i was growing up here, i didnt know exactly what i wanted to do. But i thought one thing i didnt want to do was what you wanted me to do. Bettie rubenstein and my dream, from a small child up that you become a dentist. Safer rubenstein disappointed his mother and instead went to law school. Then, at age 27, he landed a job in the white house as an advisor to president carter. How would you rate yourself as a Public Servant . Rubenstein i enjoyed it very much. Im not sure the country enjoyed what i did for the country. I like to say that there was a rumor that i was going to be promoted in the second term, and thats why president carter lost. And since i have left the white house, i can tell you honestly nobodys ever invited me back. Safer when he was booted from the white house along with jimmy carter in 1980, rubenstein tried lawyering but says he was terrible at it. So in 1987, he and two partners decided to start one of the first d. C. Based investment firms, which they named after a new york hotel. What made you decide to call the Company Carlyle . Rubenstein carlyle sounded kind of british. And it sounded kind of. Maybe not aristocratic, but sounded like youve been around for a while when we really hadnt been around. We were new. Safer its now a global giant over 200 billion in assets. For years, the firm had a reputation as politically connected and secretive. Carlyles success made rubenstein a fortune. He says his wife alice and three kids support his decision to give most of it away. Rubenstein in the end, its not clear that if you give a child 500 million, he or she will win a nobel prize for doing something. And i think if you give somebody too much money, it can force them not to work as hard and be as productive. Safer a cardinal sin, in rubensteins eyes. And in 2010, he was one of the first to sign on to the giving pledge with bill gates and Warren Buffett. Rubenstein the guy who was the map maker was from connecticut. Safer . Promising to give away at least half of his billions to worthy causes. Buffett i think many of the members of the giving society, and certainly including david, would like to have their last check bounce. I mean, thats the goal. laughs its a little hard to time things perfectly so that happens. But theres no forbes 400 in the graveyard. Safer like Warren Buffett, rubenstein isnt flashy. He drives a 20yearold car, he doesnt drink or smoke, but he has allowed himself one super luxury a 65 million plane he uses to fly around the world an average of 200 days a year. He is a man in motion, appearing on tv. Rubenstein its a Global Investment world that we are dealing with. Safer . Boosting his firm. Rubenstein and i started the first buyout firm in washington, d. C. Safer . Sitting on 26 not forprofit boards. Rubenstein how many people have never been here before . Safer . And taking his standup comedy routine on the road. Rubenstein i became the deputy domestic policy advisor to the president of the United States, a job i obviously wasnt qualified for. But carter wasnt qualified, either, i thought, so. laughter safer well, when you became wealthy enough to sit back, you remained a workaholic. Rubenstein its not work for me. I am not under any pressure or stress when im doing this. When i. Im trying to relax, if i ever do that, thats when im under stress. And i think im more likely to have a heart attack when im relaxing than when im under. Im working. Takes a lot of brains to do what we do looking for a way to make some dough for you. Safer work now including learning how to rap after carlyle doubled its money in an investment in the Headphone Company beats by dre. Rubenstein we are global were mobile, were aiming to please only goal in mind, serve our l. P. S. Rubenstein i did meet dr. Dre when we were first doing the deal, and we did a takeoff on that for our holiday video. Havent done anything like this really since my bar mitzvah. And when i did it, it was supposed to take five minutes, and it took about four hours. And they had a young rap coach for me to explain how to do this. And he said, mr. Rubenstein you are the whitest man ive ever met in my life. laughter how are the legs . Excellent. Rubenstein i didnt need a defibrillator. I didnt have to go to the hospital. Safer rubenstein may use selfdeprecation as a form of bragging, and if you dont get the message, he puts his name on his good works. 20 million here, 75 million there soon adds up to real money. He even joked he put his initials at the top of the Washington Monument. Rubenstein i took my pen out and i put my initials on the very top of the Washington Monument. So if you ever get there, you will see my initials. Safer how important is the recognition . Because you put your name on most of the things you support. Is that i think what, to use a yiddish word, chutzpah . Rubenstein maybe i have a character flaw, and i havent done it as anonymously because im trying to say to people, i came from very modest circumstances. And look what i was able to do. You could do the same thing. Safer and while the vast majority of his wealth goes to inanimate objects, rubenstein took care of d. C. s favorite residents mama bear mei xiang, papa bear tian tian, and baby bear bao bao when the national zoo ran out of money. Rubenstein i said, okay ill put up the money to keep them here. Because the chinese rent pandas. You pay 1 million a year, more or less, and you get two pandas. And the money goes for panda conservation. Safer sweet potato, right . Rubenstein pandas are the biggest attraction at the zoo. And when the government had its shutdown, people werent calling in to say they werent getting their Social Security checks or congress wasnt moving forward or anything. They were saying the pandacam was shut down. Safer Richard Nixon first brought the pandas to the u. S. After his historic trip to china in 1972. Panda diplomacy may have worked, but panda love life is another matter. You compared the relationship between male and female pandas with the u. S. Congress. Rubenstein members of Congress Know what theyre supposed to do, but they dont know how to do it. The pandas know what theyre supposed to do but they fumble. They come here with the best of intentions, but sometimes things dont work out the way that theyre supposed to. Safer so its byebye, bao bao, and thank you, mr. Rubenstein. Rubenstein so i dont think anything ive said has impressed bao bao. 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They put a pit stop on the block. Austin develops feelings for one of the twins have any have a strong connection with liz. But when jeff had an undercover meeting with liz i know more about you than you think he blew h