Do you feel a certain responsibility . Women do need role models. Were still a smalrity that run these companies. David in the stay fit category. Werei do box with a person. That run these companies. The difference is he does not get to hit me. [laughter] woman would you fix your tie, please . David well, people puldnt recognize me if was fixed, but ok. Just leave it th. All right. David i dont consider myself a journist, and nobody else would consider myself a journalist. Began to take on the lifeder of being an interviewer, even though i have a day job of ru how do you define leadership . What is it that makes somebody tick . David so, when you wake up in the morning, do you say, look at all that ive achieved and im incr tibly proud of wt ive done . Or do you say, geez, i gotta go deal every day with critics and other things . What a way to start. Ok [laughter] i dont think i had either of those thoughts on that first day. I think that first day i just thought about perhaps n honor it was and what a responsibility it is. And i think people for and so, you really do get that feelingf. You wake up that morning realizing youre a steward of something. So, a different feeling. David at some point when i was growing up in the sixties and seventies, ibm was the dominant technologcompany in the world, and it just still is, davi [laughter] ok. All right. Ok. David do you think it has the same strength in the computer world that it had in the sixties . To me, i would answer that ibm is great, but for a reason that you didnt mention. I the greaess of a Technology Company is if you can reinvent yourself over and over. And i y, well watch and seause its one thing to rnvent yourself once, then twice, but do it 3, 4, 5 times. This is a reallytitive indust that were in, and i thinquwe do something very u because its one thing to have technology. It is another to have th knowhow on how to use it. All right . So i feel what has made us distinctive inwhile weve gone through all sorts of products, i think the one kind of silver thread is that we really do help change the way thckworld works, and i go o the beginning in time, i mean, waback. Ibm started it wasnt ibm actually at the time cheeseaseat slicers, then it wlocks, tabulating, anasthen it was an era of, you know, the mainframe, which was the back office. And then it reinvented itlf again into software and into services. And now we reinvent ourself again. And, to me, art of reinvention and that dna is really what makes it unique. David lets talk about your background for a moment. You grew up in chicago. Anyou have 3 sisters . Ginni two sisters and a brother. David two sisters and a brother. Ok, three siblings. Yes, hes a brother. David and at one r int, your father left yther, and your mother was not collegeeducated at the time, so how did she support 4 children . Ginni i continue to learn a lot from my mom, but i give my mom a lot of credit for all four of us in this. And as david said, my mother had a highschool degree, but then quickly had us as children right after that. And i was da my early teens when mchose to leave. And it was sudden. And my mother found herself with 4 kids, no money, soon to be no home, soon to be no food. D she didas i said,erself i learnedyou know, she was so intent on not letting other people define who she was. And we had to do some things for a short time. She had to go on food stamps. We had to get help. I mean, and thats what entitlement ograms in this country are for in many ways. But she went back tochool. I had to help. I was the oldest. She went back to school at night and learned a profession. In fact, she became head of the administration for the sleep clinic at rush presbyterian in chicago. But, you know, a lot of people and familylike, i think, everyones, they pitched in. Td my mom, i think, realght us. I would say the lesson i learned is never let someone else define who you are. She was never gonna let that situation define who she was. Sdavid you were the lbabysitter for your 3e ginni i was. I was. All sorts of things. David did you get paid anything for the babysitting . Ginni no, no, i didnt get paid. I probably shoul go sum that up. David you had a scholarship to go to northwestern . Ginni i did. I did. Actually, id of my brothers and sisters all. We always said my mom never complained. She never said much, but we all watched by what she did. And they sometimes say im the underachiever. My 3 brothers and sisters have be and that really is that work ethic my mom instilled in us. And so, that to me is soi went to northwestern, that was and i did have a scholarship, because we all looked for ways to do that and put ourselves through school. David our mother is still alive. Does she call you and tell you how great youre doing, or she says your other siblings are doing just as well . [laughter] ginni actually, she calls me and talks about, you know, allkthings normal mothers bout, right . David she doesnt ask about ibm . Ginni her bighing this is a funny story about my mom. So this past easter, she was at my house, and i was having to leave in the middle of the day to get to the airport. And my mom says, heore you leave, i have your annual report, and ive written you a little set of notes on it. Im like, great, im even gonna get a report card an from my mother on thisal re of notes on it. [laughter] at the pictures, and then but my mom says, lookloved thi [laughter] she goes, tnual report, i understand what ibm does. And it wvignettes, 50 short, little vignettes, about how the world and professions and Industries Change because of watson, about ai, about cloud computing, and hoit will make life better. Right . My mom goes, this is now i understand and then she had some comments about the look and the paper type and other things, so she gave me a report card on it. David did you give any of these comments to your colleagues back at ibm . Yeyeah, i gave them all. , sure. Yeah, yeah. [laughter] i have a large retailshare. D you graduated from northwestern. And then, although you had a scholarship from General Motors, you werent required to go work at General Motors, but you felt you should . Yeah. This isyou know, these were some school i mean, these were wonderful programs and from companies in ty and age. This was an effort to get women and minorities into businesses. And at that time, General Motors had a progr which was they went to some of what were the best schools and they said, gee, if i can get you the deal was ill pay your tuition, your room and board, everything. And someone going through school themselvesit was a professor who said, hey, you ought to go look at this program. And in return, work there in the summers. Otherwise, no strings attached. So i had a wonderful set of internships with them. And thenelhen i graduated, i did sense, a real sense of obligation to first go to gm. I had lots of other offers, but to go to gm. David were there a lot of women taking those courses in those days at northwestern . What do you think . Not that many . In many of those classes, even then. David so youre at General Motors for a couple years. And then you hear of an opportunity to go to a Company Called ibm. So this wasnt, as people sometimes think, that you have this long thoughout career plan. Im sorry to tell you it was i had been working at General Motors, and while i liked what i was doing, i really felt, because i liked technology, it was this idea to be able ly it to lots different industries. And it was as simple as my husband said, hey, look, i have a friend and his dad works for ibm. Why dont you just cm . And actually i think it was my husband that actually set one interview up, to bet with you. David did he get a finders fee or anything from you . Yeah, im still paying that finderfee [laughter] so i went to the interview, and i was hired. What area were you initially . Ginni i started out as a systems engineer. So i was a systems engineer, and i worked in banking, insurance, and i had many experiences through my years. And i remember i had gone into consulting, so i had learned a lot of things, and it was time to do another job. And the story i always tell is that i worked for a gentleman, very good mentor, and he said to me, hey, im gonna get a new job, and youre gonna get my job. But you gotta go for an interview. Go toyoure one of the candidates. Go to this interview. So i thought, hmm. So i go to the interview, and he tells me all about the job, and im sitting there and i think, boy in my mindi sure im ready for this yet. This is a big job. Just a little more time, and i would ready. And i said to him, i said, well, may i go home . I wouldike to talk it over. Give me overnight to think about it. And i went home. So i get home, and my husband, hes sitting there, and as usual, i always say, im talking, talking, hes like, mmhmm, mmhmm. [laughter] and i tell him about this interview. And said, but i said i wanted to go home and sleep on it. He goes, do you think a man would have answered that question that way . And i mean, i can restmber it like it was day. I said, no. And i went in the next day, and, of course, i took the job immediately. And the man, who had been my mentor, who suggested it, he said to me, he goes, dont do that again. I said, i understan and it is what formed thiss, basis for me that i think has guided my wholer, which is growth and comfort never coexis and you have got to get really comfortable with being uncomfortable. Its when you learn the most. When you started doing these things, did you begin to think thre was a chance that you could be the ceo . Or did you think ibm, like many companies, were never make a woman a ceo . Ginni no, that never entered my mind that ibm would make a choice based on gender. Never i mean, ibm has for all my time there, has always been the most Inclusive Company ive known, so. When you interview others, do they feel like theyve id never thought about that. I always felt you do great in your current job, it earns your right to the next job. David so lets talk about ibm for a moment. It irdware company, a software company, a consulting company. What would you say it really is today . Keep goight. Its. Ginni and sobut i mean, i think that is e eren i say first off an eise company, right . We uniquely live at that intersection of tech and business. And then, as you said, we built, over time, hardware. Then, we layered it with software. We built, integrated ontohat, services. And now, as i say, were becoming a Cloud Cognitive Solutions company. And there will be another, you know, sort of reinvention of ibm one day in the future again, but today, it is about that. And it isnt about the chnology. Its cloud. Its ai right now. Its the why. Were the champion for business. Right . And ill tell you what i mean by that. Right now, if you ask me to pick one word what ibm is reinventing around, i would tell you he word data. There is gold in that data. And to me, we are on t a verge of companies beie to use all that. And this, to me, is companies to go on the offense now against startups, against disruption. You do it with that data. And you will need ol and thats where ai comes in. David one of the tools is wt you call watson. Yep. Now, wson is named after. Our founder, thomas watson. Ok. Yep. Vid now, watson got some attention because of jeopardy the game show. Because of jeopardy ginni its funny how many people still remember that. And, in fact, that was i really give us credit, if i might, for having, sort of, relit the world of ai. You asked what i did early. I was an ai specialist at one time. So that would be a couple decades ago. So it isnt likei itself is brandnew. Theres er of things that make it different at this point in time. And what we did back then it was 2011 with jeopardy wed been working on ai for a good 5 years before. Aand this gets back to this iidea of if youre always moving to where you think theres value tech, we believe thered be value in this data, and that you had tod e prepared for this wo do it costeffectively, and more important, you woulhave to have technoly that didnt get programmed. And thats the difference with what our thats what watson and ai is, meaning what watson does every device you have has been programmed if this, do that. Somebody had to tell it what to do your sma phone, you name it. Watson takes data of all kinds, understands, reasons, and learns over that data, and that will help you make better decisions. This is an interesting stat i think were sharing. In the world, we think theres a market of 2 trillion for making Better Business decisions. Me of its rooted in its plain, fundamental fact that wheand i make decisions you may be betr at this, david. David not likely, but 1 3 are right, 1 3 are not optimal, and 1 3 are wrong. It transcends everything. David some people are afid of ai. They think it will lead to things that are not good, and youre not as worried about that. I feel very strongly that it is gonna solve more good than bad. Its partly why i said we called it cognitive. Its also, though, why we felt really strongly and at davos this year published a set of principles for ai. Because as one of the makers and the founders of this, i ts important we guide technology safely into the world. One is being clear on its purpose. It is to augment what people do. T me justto be sure everybody understands. So, as an example, weve come so far since the game show of watson and jeopardy but today, its about, as you know, all the work weve done on oncology. We will nowwatson will have been trained to diagnose and treat what causes 80 of cancers by the end of this year. Well be up to, by the end of the year, 100,000 patients. It is rolling out in china. It is rolling out in close to 20 other countrieg around theorld. Hackensack, in new jersey here, is going to start. Jupiter medical in florida already. We already have many results about bringing worldclass health care al sloan kettering, the Cancer Center aroundhe world. And not just that, though. We announcse watson for financiaices, and one of the big elements is risk and compliance. And so we have been training watson on regulatory compliance, projected to be 300 million pages by 2020, even with deregulation. And so, its ability believe it or not, people who work on relatory compliance only get to spend 25 of their time on decisionmaking. The rest is trying to figure out everything. So its perfect examples of augnting what people do. When i say are people afraid . Ait matters the purpose. And i think we these principles. Secondi think what matters is your transparency around this. You need to tell people when youre using ai. You need to tell them who trained it and what data . This makes a big difference. And ill come back to what it means for companies. And then the thirdit leads to the whole area of skills,. Maybe well talk abo david what about robotics . And then the thirdit leads to is that something youre in, and are you afraid of robotics or ginni yeah, we work with plenty of companies and so one of the great examples abb, one of the big industrials think of this. Watsons helping with their robotics, pa cars are painted, sprated pieces. Bett job of seeing what are the impurities and imperfections in the painting, as an example. David lets talk about the life of a ceof a large company. How much time are you on the road traveling now . Ginni oh, iyou know,ob. David nd customers, theyre mostly interested in what . When you meet ngth them, youre tryio tell them why ibm is better than dy else or. No. Well no, you dont do that . Of course, always, in some way. Of a mirror image. I mean, i hear this from them, right . Theyre like i can remember years ago, theyd be saying to me, and i can remember saying, be careful. I think this is coming to ter near you. Right. And so this idea i believe our tranryormation mirrors what eompany is going through. You rebuild your youre gonna have to change how you do the work, and youre gonna havwork on whoe that do the work. David how do you measure your success as ceo . It share price . Is it earnings, earningsper share, Revenue Growth . Ginni what i am most focused on, the ards most focused on, is transforming ibm for this next era, this next cognitive era. And so, the sort of milepost that we put out there is, as i said part of the portfolio is we build new products which is 34 billion. It had doubledigit growth. That is a very important set of new offerings that that team created. At the same time, theres other things we do for clients. I mean, david, i think people forget the airlines of the world. You know, its 9 out of 10, 10 out of 10. And thats why i both mirror and lp them transition to the future, run their current world, transition to the future, and become the future. And that is a really serious obligation some of that doesnt grow as fast as other pieces, and the new grows fast, but we, if anything, it is to help people transition era to era. So the measurement is as we build the new businesses and that we keep moving to higher value. That is our distct value prop. David does it bother you ever that you have more employees, more revenue, more customers all overhe world than companies lizo, i assume, apple or aor facebook, but they have higher market capitalizations . Does that strike you as unfair in some ways or just somethinghave to li . Ginni i always want to work on higher market capitalization, so the unfair part i dont feel these things are, as u say, because what we do is different. Right . It is this combination of having technology and then knowhow, which means you have both of those things together. David every country you visit around the world, i assume, if you want to meet the prime minist or president , you have no problem getting in to do that . Ginni yeah, but you dont abuse that. Rei mean there are some ly important issues around the world. Almost every government we talk to around cybersecurity, and then the other one, its been about workforce and skills. When you look at why is there divisions between people and why is there inequality, every time you will trace this back, and it will be about skills and opportunity. So thats what weve be working on. David wn youre meeting with President Trump or other president s, do you see that ceos are willing to say, mr. President , thats not a good idea, or let me give you my thought and it mi different than yours . Or people theyre kind of quiet when any president s around . Ginni no, my experience is that people are respectfully honest and give their opinions. E and so, just as there mes with every whether its a president , a prime minier, where we agree, and therell be times we dont agree. And in our case, here, as an example, wi the paris and so we shared our viewpoints on that. The issues that are important, right, to our business and so we shared our vieand our clients. David so do you think that a woman to rise up to be the head of ibm had to be better than the men, or you think it rnclly didnt make a diffe ginni i dont think in ibm it made a difference. And you dont like their ideas, do you ever, you know, yell at them, screthem, which men often do, or are you just more quiet about it and just tell them quietly that their idea isnt so good . How do you let people youre not happy . Ginni mmm well, im not a screamer. Never was. David you dont throw things, Something Like that . Ginni no, no, i dont think ive ever thrown anything, but ive always beeneved in the way to cha things it is to challenge them, its thentellectual. And so, i always feel, look, you need to know what you are talking about. Ive no trouble being the one to ask questions, and i think thens the best way to cha things. David so do you feel a certain responsibility as a woman ceo to mentor other women and to speak out on issues relating to men . Yeah, this is an interesting question, i think, david, because i have grown to be comfortable with that role, yeah, this is an inteabout being a role model, cause i think many of m colleagues would all say ybe it is a bit of as we came through our businesses you always wanted to be noticed and rewarded for what you did, contributions. And i would always be, this has got nothing to do with gender, right . Almost blind to that. And over tim l though, i really came rn and see how important that there be role models. And you have to accept the fact that you are a role model on the appropriate things. And so, that, too, was kind of at one point, another image that sticks out in my mind. This is maybe 10, 15 years ago. I was down in australia. I was giving a Financial Services presentation. I thought id done an ok, ok job at this. And a couple people came up to, and this man, i thought well, hes gonna telle either this is great, or he disagrees. And he said to me, looked at me, he said, you know, i wish my daughters had been here. And its funny t r sort of moments that yember. And i remember thinking thats why you do have to realize any of us in these positions of any kind of influence, we are a role model for someone, and women do need role models. Were still a small minority that runhese companies. They need role models to say, yep, thats possible. I can be that. cause its hard to dream to be something if you dont see people like it. David are you disappointed or surprised that if you take the fortune 100 or fortune 200 companies, there are relatively few female ceos still . Ginni yeah. I still i would have hoped by now there would be more, rht . And so, i think this is a very conscious effort. In fact, we make a very conscious effort. One of the biggest things is to keep women in the workforce. And so, there is no doubt, when women have children or ailing parents tthere are many reasons twomen e out of the workforce. And one of the things you can do is do everything you can to both keep themh n, and your odds are mgher of their ability to then keep going. D we even, one of ourd your newest benefits is shipping breastmilk fors for mothers who are nursing, so they can keep working if they want to. And so this idea of keeping women in the workforce, to me, is one of the most important ways to then create the pipeline f these roles. David now ibm has a tradition of ceos retiring earlier than other cpanies. Is your thinking that you will do it for a bit longer, and what would you do after you ft as the current ceo . Ginni yeah, i wasnt gonna say my age, and then im always remied its public information, you know . So. [laughter] but its not a rule for us. Its not a steadfast rule. There has been some tradition, but i am not retiring now. My work isnt done. And so ill still be here for ite a while. And what am i gonna do then after . David would you ever go into government or something . Ginni boy, i dont even think about that right now. D in the stay fit category, you are a golf ginni does that mean you think i look fit . You are fit. Thank you. Ginni thats how you get a compliment. Ginni well, that doesnt keep you fit. [laughter] ginni sband loves golf. I have Great Respect for golf as a sport and its long, really traditioned history. I dont have the time to be very good. And so, the other way i really do and peopt think this is funny, the other thing i do is boxing. And so. Boxing . Ginni thats something i can do in short spurts on an everyday basis. David does somebody dress up like applor microsoft and you get to box them, or you dont do that . Ginni i do box with a person. The difference is, he does not get to hit me. [laughter] oh. Ginni and so, i only get to hit him. In northwestern, as you look back on it, what would you say is the secret of your having risen . I think when i look back, and if anyone said, if you had to only name one thing you did, i think its this idea of being a constant learner, of always being willinnto say to yourself you know everything and you can learn something, from whoever. David so ou finally do leave, maybe many years from now, ibm, what wouldgaou like to see as your . Ginni well, look, i think, not necessarily about me, about ibm. That, one more time, reinvented for the next era, and that we do change. Just l was the moonshot or the Social Security system, on making this world safer. Right . We help the companies of this world both themselvestem, reinvent and run betteciand have an impact on y, thats a great day. Rodavid you really are model for women and for men as well. Thank you. Nk you. [applause] ginni my friend. Announcer support for the pbs presentation of this program was provided by General Motors. I see a future. I see a good future. I see a future filled with roads and no rage. Bo see a future. With zero crashes. Woman i see a future where fossil fuels. Man are a thing of the past. All we see a future with zero emissions. I see a fuhere traffic. Keeps perfect time. Where intelligence is always by design. Man we see a future with zero congestion. Zero congestion. We are. We are. Bothre. All General Motors. Be more pbs hes dedicated his life togh ng. Is week on firing lis. We have a system of justi in this country that treats you much better if youre rich and guilty than if youre poor and innocent. His story could be straight t of hollywood. Brian stevenson went to a segregated school. S rvard, he found lling they accused me of something i didnt do. And helping amerins confront the most difficult parts of our history. His fight for mercy is sore markable. Lads and gentlemen, brian stephenson. Hollywood has taken notice. Youre a lawyer . Yes, maam. Thank you so much for driving all the way out here. What does Brian Stevenson say now . Firing