All that and more on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has bn provided by life wellplned. Learn more at raymondjames. Com. Consumer cellular. Babbel. A Language Program that teaches spanish, french, italian, german, and more. And by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. Carnegie corpor. Ion of new yo supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of International Peace and security. At carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff President Trump is escalating his trade showdown with china. He announced today he will impose 10 levies on 300 billion worth of importedas chinese goods f september first. The president complained china is reneging on promises and slowwalking trade talks. He spoke before heading to a Campaign Rally in cincinnati. For many years china has been taking money out by the hundreds of billions of dollars a year. We have rebuilt chinso now its time that we change things around. Ou they dont want to trade with us anymore, that be fine with me. Wed save a lot of money. Woodruff todays move covers all trade with china that was left out of earlier tariffs. It also comes after the latest trade talks ended this week with no apparent progress. Riff news did not go dow well on wall street. The Dow Jones Industrial averag2 lo points after being up nearly 300. At it close6,583. The nasdaq fell 64 points, and the s p500 slipped 26. A two year budget an deal backed by President Trump has won final approval in congress. It passed the u. S. Senate today, 67 to 28. Em the agt includes sizeable increases for military and domestic spending; it also lifts the legal debt ceiling for two years. Senators on both sidesd the outcome. The Funding Agreement wjust passed will provide stability for our nation through 2020 and deliver on some of the administrations key priorities. Its been the result of extensive negotiations between President Trump and Speaker Pelosi and rresents a compromise between two sides who usually dont agree on much. It includes a significant increase in support for domestic prrities. In fact the budget dealdo increases mestic Budget Authority 10 billion more than defense. L this legislatis the groundwork to avoid another government shutdown. And will preserve the full faith and credit of the united statesw druff most democrats backed the bill, along with 28 republicans. Another two dozerepublicans opposed it, saying it adds too much to the National Debt. Well get the details after the news summary there is word that north koreas red more shortrange weapons for the third time in eight days. Details on the test were scarce, but President Trump today dismissed any concerns. He said, these are shnge missiles. Theyre very standard. The president also declined again to address news reports that osama bin ladensamza bin laden is dead. The reports sahe was killed within the last two years, possibly in a u. S. Air strike. He was the apparent heir to his fathers work with alqaed and was about 30 years old. Osama bin laden was killed in a u. S. Raid in pakistan, in 2011. In yemen, missile anbombing attacks killed 51 people today in aden, a city held by the government and its saudi allies. T ficials said 36 people died in a missile strikemilitary camp. 13 others were killed in a car bombing. The explosions left buildings charred and floors soaked in blood at the military camp. The government blamete rebels allied with iran. Russian officials have deployed the military as vast wildfires rage across parts of siberia and the russian far east. Tsres are now burning in p of five regions, and now cover an area the size of belgium. As flames spre in remote forests, crews have struealed to make hdway. And Officials Say dry conditions arent helping. De translated the situation with the fires iloping negatively, as forecasts warned. The area affected has increased because of the dry weather weve been having for a long time and shfailure to take active measures in extingg the majority of hotbeds of fires including those located in remote areas. Woodruff heavy smoke from thires has cloaked hundred of russian towns and cities and even reached alaska and the pacific northwest. Fires are al spreading across indonesia, with six provinces now under a state of emergency. A dangerous haze has blanketed an area that is home to more than 23 Million People. Some 6,000 firefighters have been deployed, but the fires have charred more than 74,000 acres. The ice sheet covering most of greenland is rapidly melting under the same heat wave thatro broke records europe last week. Images from the danish territory show melting across 56 of the ice sheet. The area has been growing, with forecasts of continued warm, sunny weather. Much of the melt will refreeze but the amount that is lost for good might exceed the record loss in 2012. Ck in this country, form f. B. I. Director james comey will not face charges over hisnd ng of memos about his conversations with President Trump. Grports say the Justice Department found nnds to proceed. Comey let a reporter have access to some of his memosh contained lowlevel classified material that prompted the review. And, puerto rican lawmakers today delayed putting Pedro Pierluisi in line to be governor until at least next week. He was chosen by outgoing governor ricardo rossello, who is stepping down tomorrow. Pierluisi formerly represented puerto rico in the u. S. Congress, but he faces strong opposition over his l work for the islands highly unpopular fiscal oversight board. Still to come on the newshour the nations new numbers. Whats inside the twoyear federal budget deal . Where the democratic president ial hopefuls stand after last nights debate. New americans an inside look at the moment immigrants become u. S. Citizs. And much more. Woodruff now, back to the budget deal we reported earlier. It is being hailed as a political win today, but is raising concerns about runaway debt for the united states. Capitol hill correspondent Lisa Desjardins has been covering the negotiations from the ry beginning. And she is here with me now, so lisa, hellow so remind uswhat is in this deal and then give us a sense of impcations forhe longer term too. As you reported, judy, the l hee is that this would raise the debt ceiling for the next two years. It also raises the maximum Amount Congress can spend. They still have to work out exactly how to spend that money over the next couple of months, that is what we hear lot about. When you look deep letter is som mue to say longterm. And we are going to have a lot of graphics so get ready t will be fun. Woodruff were ready. Lets talk about recent debt increases, this is not the on one. This is out 1. 7 trillion increase in the National Debt, this comes of course after we taw a tax cut deal in the las two years that would also raise the National Debt an estimated 1 to 2 trillion, that isa t of red ink that we are adding. That is not the only ise here. Deficits are rising in general and lets leak at exactly how much. There we go see the deficit rising . That is up to 2019. But lets look at the where the is. Nd is going after t look at that. Right now we are on course for the deficit to just contiyre keting over the next few years. Now as Congress Passed this budget, as we weld vie, there was a lot of applause from lawmakers, there was com there were other lawmakers who said this is a problem. And a lot ofhem talked about the National Debt. First lets talk from republican rand paul and also democrat ben cardin. Many of the support ares of this debted deal ran around yeeir states forars complanning that president obama is spending too much, an borrowing too much. And these same repoublicans, the whole disingenuous lot of them will wiggltheir way to the front of the trof, to the front of thspending trough to vote for as much or more debt than president obama ever added. I heard a the lo omy colleagues come in herand lament this agreement saying it was going to add to thdeficit. Some of those are the same people that voted for tax cuts. Lets be direct about this. We have to have the revenues necessary to pay for what we incur in spending. Judy, most of congress voted for this and they s complained about it. So it is almost like saying we need to stop violence and then immediately punching someone i the arm. Congress here is being hint critical jz so hypocritical. Woodruff so tell us how much of a role does this deal play, this particular budlaget dealin et going that debt number up and up. This budget deal was about Discretionary Spending t is all at because that is the only spending congress can change year to year. So lets look at the Discretionary Spending, this is what cgress conols. We will show you a line right here. So Discretionary Spending has been going up and down, going up a little more here. The bigger budget problem is called mandatory spending. St much more, a much larger percentage of the feds ral budget but congress does not control that it is automatic spending. D it is largely two things. Hocial security and medicare. So lets look atse two. This is the spending on those two items right now, around a trillion dollars each,is tha now, in ten years lets look at the growth. Both of tmeosedicare and Social Security, on trend to double or nearly double and they are already one of the largest spending amounts, judy, if you look at this medicare, swrudy right now, it is on track to run through its trust fund in seven years so if law make ares dont deal with this, benefits will cut. Woodruff so is anybody in washington who has the a dlity something about this talking about it . There is actually more talk about this on capitol hillment i talked to many law make ares, republican and democrat in the last couple of ks who say we do need to reform, especially medicare ancud social ty now. But the problem is, and even Republican Leaders admitted to me President Trump has said h does not want to touch Social Security and medicare. And that that is making, meaning that they cant get to that conversatie. Another is the horizon, judy, lets just talk about the interest we are paying on the tional debt. Right now its almost 400 trillion dollars. That is enough to pay for oh, all the college tuitiont ef university, university prek and a huge increase in the military that is ju st what e paying on the National Debt, on the interest, and judy, that is on track to double as well in the next tenniers. Woodruf i remember when people thought a trillion was a lot of money, we are now ta about a lot more than that. Wa we are way past that, we are really in trickers. Woodruff Lisa Desjardins, thank you, appreciate it. Youre welcome. Woodruff night two of the democratic president ial dete in detroit started with a handshake and a plea from former Vice President joe biden to california senator kamal harris go easy on me, kid. This goaround, it was more than just harris criticizing the man leading the crowded democratic field. Mr. Vice president , you want to be president of the united states. You need to be able to answer the tough questions. Mr. Vice prident, you cant have it both ways. You invoke president obama more than anybody in this campaign. You cant donvt when its ient. And then dodge it when its not. Mr. Vice president , y argument withis not with me, its with science. And unfortunately, your plan is just too late. Under Vice President bidens alysis, am i serving in congress, resulting in the deterioration of the family because i had access to quality affordable daycare . I just want to know what he meant when he said tha woodruff we consider how last night shapes the race goins forward wiart rothenberg, Senior Editor of inside elections, karine jeanpierre, a Senior Adviser to moveon. Org, and amy walter of the Cook Political Report and host of politics with amy walter on wnyc radio. To all of you, second night of the debate, it is now behind us. Let me ask each one of you, and i will start with you, amy, clearly joe biden was taking gncoming from a lot of directions last , what was your main take away from this debate . Well,hat he did. That is exactly what you saw. Was that they came after joend biden,ook, there were times he looked a little shaky, times that he loogeked str i think overall he weathered it pretty well. There was nothing that happened last night that would lead you to believe that he has now been taken from his perch of the front run are. The other person who got a lot of incoming was Kamala Harris who had a eat first debate, and as such was a big target for the other people on the stage. She was fine but she also had to endure a lot of grilling and you know, shspent a lot of time on her heels instead of where she ts in the firs debate which was completely on offense. Woodruff we will look at some of that in a second. Karine, what was your main take away within pretty muyh what a just said, look, joe biden came frontrunner as the he is going to leave detroit as the frontrunner. He didnt havute a knock punch, if you will. And he didnt get knocked out as u ll. And he was, ow, he was a little shaky himself. But he didnt do any dame to himself either. And i wouldnt be surprised if his numbers go up a bit because one of the things that he did do was de fend the obama legacy which, as we kow, is what is propelling his numbers is the africanamerican community, w love obama. Who loved the fact that joe biedern was his vp. Look, judy, we saw six hours of debatever the last two nights. And we saw some folks do really well like warren and beut gierg and bernie and biden. But i dont think much will m chaning forward. I dont think whoever came in in the tier one will be tir one, whoever game in in tier two will be tier two and the fol who came in the lower tier will probably not make it to the next debate in june, which, sorry, not in june, which in sepmber, which will be in houston. Woodruff and what is your top line. I will be the gar tonight. I think joe biden did better than the first debate. But of course that was not he had a terrible first debate. Ke he was better. He counter attbetter. He had research against booker that he could use. He was betr. But i thought his performance was very uneven. I dont think se haswn that he is very agile in thesean debatethat is a problem. So while he is better off, i think he still has to ask some questions. And Kamala Harris, that was remarkable. She apparently thought she would have an easy go and very quickly found out that you won the first debate, doesnt mean you will win the second debate. I thought thrghout much of the debate she looked bored, uninterested and deflad. Woodruff you and amy both mentioning Kamala Harris. G we aing to show a couple of sections of last nights debate. But lets start with a piece where harris was compleerly a target. This has to do with health care. The senat has had several plans so far. And any time someone tells you you will get something good in ten years, you should wonder why it takes ten years. If you noice, there no talk about the fact that the plan in ten years will cost 3 trillion, you will lose your employerbased insurance. Unfornately Vice President biden, are you simply inaccurate in what you are describing. The aality is that our pln will Bring Health Care to all americans under a medicare for all stem. Your pven by contrast lea out almost 10 million americans. R senator hs is my friend as well. But i have to say, if we cant admit, if we cant admit tonight what is in the plan which is banning employerbased insurance, were not going to be able to admit that when donald trump is accusing dem doing that as well. We need to be honest about what is in this plan. It bans porebased insurance and taxes the middle class to the tune of 30 trillion. Woodruff so amy walter, what is it about Kamala Harris plan that is attracting all of this criticism in. Well, this is the sort of continuation of the debated we had on the first night between those dera who want to go much further beyond obama, the boundaries of obamacare into some form of medicare for all. And those like senator bennet, joe biden who want to build on the obamacare. But fundamentally, i think this is this is why parties dont ke primary debates. Because they spend a whole lot of tim arguing with each other, going into the weeds on cia lotf po. And they are not able to, at this stage of the game, talk about the things tat actually democratic voters, but all voters say they are the mostab worriet with health care, which is cost. Especially Prescription Drug costs and surbiprise medicalls and high de ductions. None of that was discussed in these few debates in part a because th arguing over ideology. Now that is fine because it is a primary and they are ing to appeal to primary voters. But you can see whthis isuch a chllaging experience for Party Establishment and partye leaders becaey would like to see the democrats not 2350eu9ing amongst each other, focus on the president and focus especial on health care in the sawm way that democrats did in 2018. Woodruff speaking of which, karine today, President Trump put o atatement early this morning which another thing he said over the past two days ramericans saw democratsing about how the government will take over their health insurance, eliminate theiret private plans, Taxpayer Funded Health Care to illegal immigrants, raise taxes to pay for it all. So, this is a thing that really has trubled me a lot last night which was that they dibring up doald trump, right, the person that they want to beat in 2020, they lite igatd bama legacy, the obama policies, but there is an existential threat of dontrald p and that barely came up. We have a president who believes he is a above the law. There is te immigration policies. He is in court right now, hisni adration trying to take Health Care Away from tense of millions of people. So that is the thing that i thought was really laking. And just that contrast with donald tru, which is what voters want to hear. They want to hear from these folks, not just about the policies but the number one thing is how are they going to beat donald trump. Lets look at another example last night, this was on immigration where Vice President biden, president obamas polici came under criticism. Open borders is a right wing talking point. And frankly im disappointed that some folks including some folks on the stage have taken the bait. Oe only way that wereing to guarantee that we dont have family separation in this country again is to repeal section 1325 of the immigration nationality act. Ti secretary, we sat together in many mees. I never heard him talk about any of this when he was the secretthy. The fact o matter is you should be able tof you cross the border illegally, you should be able to be sent back. St a crime. St ff all, mr. Vice president , it looks lauck one of ous has learned the lesso the past and one of us hasnt. Let me begin by telling you there is still going to be consequences if somebody crosses the border. It is a civil action. I have guts enough to say this plan doee. Snt make se the fact of the matter is i think the president of the united states, barack obama went out of his way to try to chae e system and he got pushed back significantly. Woodruff stu rothenberg, is this a good discussion for the democrats to be having right now. It is not. And i disontd think it is good discussion for joe biden to have with Julian Castro about immieation and the board a and 350e78 could coming to the united states. It goes back to one of your earlier sound bites where senator booker said you like to embrace barack obama and a you part of that administration. But what you dont want you say suddenly, i cant discuss it, i think this is one of those areas where the former Vice President is not very sharp or agile and he needs to get better. Woodruff and amy, this really does pick up on your comment earlier about this, this is a tough, all three of you were making ths point, st tough during the primary when the democrats are trying to distinguish themselves from one another, but in so doing they potentially are hurting each other. Thats right, remember there is another incentive structure involved in here. Swi how you get on the debate stage in the first plathce. E debates have been set up this way. S have two nights, this is the second set of debaere we have to go two nights with ten candidates each. Because of backlash from democrats, those inemocratic sort of activist aras about how the 2016 debates were creed. They said there were too few of them, that bernie sand ares didnt get enough time, and the right amount of time to show, to showcase him. Se challenge secretary of state hillary clinton. And soheir answer tohat was e say we need to have lots of debates and make s open it up to everybody, get as many people involved as possible. Well, the way to get on that stage is also to try to create as many of thesse moments possible, right. To speak to the base, the low dollar donors who are going to be able to get you back on to that stage and get e of those low dollar donors, you get another chance to come on stage. So it is oy encourages more of this kind of infighting. W druff karine, i want you to comment. I will play this final chunk from the deb e. This is ocriminal justice reform, again the candidates criticizing each other, lets listen. Mr. Vice president said that since the 1970s every major crime, every crime bill, major and minor has had his name on it. And sir, those are your words, not mine. And this is one of those instances whe the house w set on fire and you claimed responsibility for those lawu and nt just now come out with a plan to put out that fire. There is nothing done for the entire eight years he was mayors there w nothing done to deal with the Police Department that was corrupt. Uy did yo announce on the first day a zero tolerance poli of stop and frisk and eire Rudy Giulianis guy in 2007 when i was tryingt rid of the crack cocaine. Mr. AdVice President , there is a thing in my community, are you dipping too the koolaid an you dont even know the flavor. Senator harris says she is proud of the record as 3r cuter and will be a prosecutor president but im deeply concerned about this record. There artoo many examples to crit but she put over 1500 people in jail for mar mar want a marijuana violations an laughed it about whensked if she ever spoked marijuana. I am proud of that work and am proud of making a den,is not just give fancy speeches or be in a legislative body an give speeches on the floor butal actuly doing the work of being in the position to use the power that i had to reform a systemn that is badlyeed of reform. Woodruff so carine karine, this is getting personal, who comesut of a discussion, an exchange like that lookingge str this is really interesting, what you just played, judy, because you have, this is a very good example of the two frontrunners being on the defense, and when you are a frontrunner, this is what is going to happen. Your record is going to be krut sized and we know with biden, s crime bilthat he could authored, i shouldnt say his crime bill but the crime bill he has coauthored has always been something out there since we have kwn that he was going to run, before he stepped into this arena. And he hasnt really dealt with r. You know, he hasnally talked about it in a way that people feel like he understands how much the crime bill has affected the black and brown community, now with Kamala Harris, that was the first time that she was pushed on hr record as a prosecutor. An were going to see this over and ovr again because you have to try and figure out how to de fend your record. And that is goes to be kind of on the chopping blocks, if you will. Wodruff so s, what are we left with here . We are left, believe, with harris and biden still having a lot of questions aer this debate. Seuled weaker than they sh have been that probably means that warren and sanders are looking a bit stronger. And that is a problem for democratic strategies who believe the party needs to move to the snar, not to the populise prive wing. In just 15 seconds, amy, and weve got, we dont have fo f deba six weeks. We dont. And it should be a smaller debate. But i think that what a lot of folks want to see then, to stus point, is joe biden, harris and warren and sanders all on the same debate stage. And perhaps we will see that in september. Thank you all, y walter, carine jeanpierre, stu rothenberg. Thanks, judy. Woodruff stay with us. Coming up on the newshour after another deadly weekend, what can be done to stem the tide of gun violence in america . The debate or reparations, as a University Comes to terms with its slaveholding past. And an act gives his brief but spectacular take on finding himself through the camera. The president s language on immigration, and his attacks on four congresswomen of color, have sparked a National Conversation about xenophobia and raci. But across the country, every year, hundredsf thousands of immigrants still make their way to the u. S. And begin the rigorous process to eventually become citizens. Earlier this week, producer kate grumke went to a naturalization ceremony in alexandria, virginia, and talked to newly minted americans about what it means to be a citizen and an immigrant in this politically charged time. Next in line next my name is edgardo ramirez. Im from el salvador. Its a very special moment because you know theres a lot of people that would really like the opportunity to do it, and theres no way they can. Im glad its coming to an end and i dont have to worry about any potential prbelems of me not g an american citizen. Oh, say, can you see by the dawns early light w l, today, my wife, jessica, and my daughter, sofia wand my son gabriel is heh me. My daughter was kind of nervous on the way here because she sees the news sometimes, and i told her, you know, im just going to become a u. S. Citizen, and i dont have to worry about any of the stuff she sees on the news. I stayed with my grandmother in el salvador. When i was five years old, my mother came here. And i came here with my older brother in october of 2000. Its a long wait. Tw n court hearings, it could be years. 16 years ive been in process, and of course a lot of money to get to this point. Im sara taylor. Im the district director for the washington district, and u. S. Citizenship and immigration services. Its different for every person, but generally, they will have been here as permanent residents for three to five years. Theyll pay an application fee and get biometrics taken to file they will be interviewed by an officer of the service, who will determine that they read, write, and speak english, they have to know civics and government as well. D then, the final step in the process is to take the oath of allegiance at a naturalization remony. O today, we naturalized 170 people so, in fiscal year 18, it was over 750,000 people who naturalized nationly, and this area, Northern Virginia and , are very, very diverse congratulations to our newest citizens applause im from zimbabwe. I am from vietnam. I originally from philippines, and today i took my oath as a u. S. Citizen. That is areat thing, to be d citizen. This is the lanof opportunity. So i am really looking forward to that opportunity i ca explore in this country. Being able to vote is something that i think is ve powerful, to be able to participate in that democracy. I am excited for november, and elections beyond. It is with great pride that i welcome you into the american comily. No matter where yo from, or what faith you practice, this country is now your country. I mean, earlier in the room that the message from thet, presids well, right, very welcoming and other things, and it kind of sounded like a script compar to what hes currently saying out in the news. My opinion about immigration is, i think they should all come and just do all the application and everything. Il and thatbe good and easy. If youre here in america, you have to obey the laws. Fo anow the laws. Ive had a pathway here since i came here because, well, my parents were here and they werei here for a lon. But you know, theres virtually no pathway for people to come here because theyre trying to get away from violence, you know, poverty and struggles of their countries. Its not that ea. For people who have minor infractions and they dont have a way so they can naturalize and, you know, theyve been torn apart from the sons, daughters, wives, and members, i at f u. S. Citizen, after a long wait. E woodruff in termath of high profile shootings in gilroy, california, and brooklyn, new york, its worth noting that every day, guns are used to kill roughly 100 americans, injure hundreds more. And across the country, gun a violenects the lives of millions. John yang focuses on the deaths of two particuman in chicago, last weekend. Yang judy, even in chicago, which has been plagued by gun violence for years, last weekend standsut 48 people shot, eight of them fatally. Among the dead were 26yearold chantell gra and Andrea Stoudemire, who was 35. Ad each womanour children, the youngest had just turned one y ar old. They were on a breet corner in chicagos south side where moms and kids have gathered for the last five summers, transforming a corner o with a historyviolence into a safe space. The grouis called mask mothers and men against senseless killings. Its the brainchild of tamar manasseh. We visited her in 2016 on e very corner where chantell grant and Andrea Stoudemire were killed, and tamar joins usow from chicago. Totamar, so good alk to you again, i just am sorry it is under these circumstances. Start by telling us aboanut ll and andrea, i know you n aw chantell better tha andrea. Tell us about them. Okay, furs off, mask, we are moms who occupy a corner, we dont have a membership trk is not like that. If you show up on that corner, to eat dinner, you bring krur kids, they show up to play, paint faces, jumpp ro play hopscotch, then yeah, we are there, all mos together. So as far as them being members or not, because there has been a lot of discussion about that, is neither here nor there. But chantell was someone who with bring her kidto the corner. And mom, and just play with thea an out with them because that is what we do on that corner. And she was a loving and patient mom. She was a good mom. D ndrea, she had older children so we didnt see her in saour space as much but w her around the neighborhood every day. And she was fiercely protective of the young women in the neighborhood. And there was srnl a way that she thought the young women should have been trtted, tha women should be respected. Was chantells children withg her that ht. No, no. Chantell was killed after our work hours. And i dont temember her being out that day. But the thing is i think that we are getting hung up on that. In certain neighbortds it has just become expected for people to be murdered if they are out of their house at a certain time. If you are out of your home after it gets dark anyou get murdered, than it is your fault t is not the murderer, it isau your fault b you shouldnt have been there in the first place because you made a bad choice cominout beause you need to make better choices, leat are you around the wrong people, because pen poor neighborhoods cant be out at a certain time, because our murders become our fault. I mean that is a major problem for us. And none of us are the better for it. The pice have not arrested anyone yet. They were saying, the police say that they believed thathese two women were not the target of the shooter, that a man who was wounded was the target. Do you go along with tat . No, i dont. I dont. That sounds likonce again victim blame. Because you were around, women who are poor and live in a poor neighborhood were near a poor black man who liv es inthe same neighborhood, than he was the target, that is why ey got shot. No, shooters shoot who they want to shoot. That is what thy do. They shot two mothers on a site where evth ares come ry day to feel safe, every day to bring their kids to, to play, to actually have a summer, toe hav a childhood, in a place where it is very hard to do that. They killed mothers there. And so i dont want to hear anything abo a man. Dont want to hear anybody deflecting or anything, any of this die versionary conversation. Because that is not it. People often when women are murdered in poor neighborhoods because they just pass it off as oe, thwere around gangbangers. No, no one should be dying there. Somebody has toe tak responsibility for this. That is why we started a reward fund a go fund to raise reward money. Three days ago, we were jus trying to raise 5,000. We have raised 22,000 in three days because people are tired of being tired. And women are tired of being blamed for how we are treated or mistreated it is no more a black woman who is murdered in theo, it is no more her fault for being shot because ie was poor thant is for a woman being raped because of what e was wearing. Since this shooting, do you and the other mothers have been back out onat street corner. Sas there been fear and apprehension or hat happened given you greater setermination. It has given greater determination. I mean but it is fear and apprehension for other people in the community, and i dot bla them. And reclaim anything, we are not reclaiming anything. We neceveded our ownership of that. We are not going to let some kids with gus and behavior problems ruin what we have done. Make us scared. Oi we are not to do that. Why should we have to leave. Why should we have to be afraid. We didnt kill those women, we didnt kill them. We didnt kill those mothers. We didnt do that. So why should we have to be afraid. Why should the people who work hard every day, who live good lives, why should we beraid to live in the world that we create. Why . Why . You are soldiering on, you are working. Orwa you are talking about investing in the community it is a bittersweet week, losing these two mothers on friday night, and then last night you opened up a new pizza restaurant, peace of yes. This is going to help fund your operations. What is that money going to what will you be able to do with that money . Actually were building aol sca high school out of shipping containers. Actually a Community Resourcei center out of ing containers. An each one of those shipping contairs will be retrofitted as a classroom and dining haul. And st year chcago Public Schools closed doin all of the public high schools in an impoverished area. And so it crem. Ated a vac so we have all of these kids who didnt go to school, not dro out but they never actually went to high school. So we wanted to find somemething for o do all day. And if we are out during the summer but the kids dont go back to school in cement because they dont have a school to atgo to, eans we cant go back indoors either. So we have to think about what could do to fill that p. So we decided sto create this Community Resource center slash school where kids coume and get an education, where they would stl have Educational Opportunities available to them. Tamar manasseh, mothers and men against senseless killings. Trying to make iort safe one are at a time. Thank you so much. Thank you. R woodruff 400 years ago this month, the first african slaves arrived in north ameri a ship landing at the jamestown colony, in what is today virginia. Economics reporter paul solmans lo the question of reparations, what america might owe to the descendents of these enslaved people. E bject has been gaining increased attention, even thming up iis weeks democratic president ialebates. Its the latest in our regular economics Series Making sense and also part of our ching cae dream series on poverty and opportunity in ame i live alone. Reporter as a little girl growing up in new orleans, melisande colomb was taught that shed descended from people enslaved by an Irish Catholic family in ryland. And that we were very important people here in maryland, havingeen represented by none other than Francis Scott key in a court case. Reporter yes, that Francis Scott key. Before the u. S. Supreme court, the fabled lawyer lyricistes reted colombs ancestors, suing for their freedom. But. The finding of the Supreme Court was that black people could not use hearsay to defend their right to freedom inic amer courts. Reporter end of story. Until she learned recently thatt ownership se ancestors had been transferred to the jesuits. And the jesuits, in turn, had sold two of them, as part of a deal in 1838 to keep their near bankpt college afloat. Its one thing to be enslaved theoretically by an irishth ic family. Ho its a nother thing when you learn that that Irish Catholic family was the society ui jesus. Reporter the j sold o272 people in all, to a f plantation oers in louisiana. Colombs family . 16 and a 17 years ol shipped to the deepest, most racist new part of america. Reporter the college in question . Georgetown university in washington, d. C. The jesuits had georgetown. The jesuits also had tobac plantations five of them in Southern Maryland just 50 miles away, worked by people who were enslaved. When the story broke in 2016, richard cellini, an ise typical georgetown alum, was stunned. Im a moderate republican. Italianamerican. Have no connection to americans or the history of slavery. Reporter but hed been taught injusce. By the jesuits. So, what happened to the 272 people they literally sold down the river . The schools answer all of them quickly succumbed to a fever in the malodorous lamp world of louisiana. In other words, tht no trace and no descendants, so non poinoing looking for them. And i thought, you know, this is some sort of very powerful fever that only attacks African American catholic slaves from maryland. It has a 100 mortality rate. Nobody writes about it, and itever comes back. I thought, this doesnt make sense. Ha reporter google reported that at least twsurvived. A genealogist he hired identified 215. And of their descendants, we estimate that more than 4,000 of those are alive today. Reporter their ancesto saved georgetown. So naturally, the question is, what do we owe their descendants . From the billions and billions of dollars that today is the collective net worth of georgetown universitand the maryland jesuits. Reporter there are goodness knows how many institutions in america of which the same thing, could be so . Georgetown is a unique case. Its ground zero for the institutional reparations debate. This building was built by slaves, and this building wasby buillaves as well. Reporter georgetown, which was already in the process of renaming buildings to atone for its historical ties to slavery,o alecided to make some amends to descendants offering legacy admission status, and scholarships, to academically qualified descendants. Tuition, room and board cost about 70,000 a year. I thought about it long and hard before i made the juplication, because it wa a wave of so much emotion. Reporter the 65yearold retired cook is now a sing junior. At and, repns on a scale far greater than georgetowns is a rising issue in the president ial campaign. Economist william darity and his wife, folklorist kirsten mstlen, have beeying National Reparations for years. There are some blacks who have been very resistant in our audiences. This will make us victims. White people will look down on us, theyll have more reasons to hate us, treat us harshly, more so than they already do. Reporter but their audiences are more receptive to a reparations bill these days. It could include the provision of a fund that could support Educational Opportunities or entrepreneurial activity or improvements in communitybased conditions and amenities. But we think, for both symbolic and substantive reasons, a part of this must be the payment of a check to those who are eligible recipients. Reporter how big a check . We start with 40 acres and a mule. That was the promise that was never fulfille reporter a promise, byne union l William Tecumseh sherman, to confiscate a huge swath of the confederate coast and redistribute it as 40acre plots to the newly emancipated. Inassuming an acre cost 1 1865, and allowing for inflation and compound interest, darity and mullen put the presentday value of shermans promise at Something Like 2. 5 trillion 74,000 for each of some 35 million descendants. The premise is that theres been a grievous injustice that has carried over multiple centuries, really. People will say, oh, well, that was back then. But the fact of the matter is, tremendous amounts of wealth were amassed, and only because of us. Reporter but is there no statute of limitations on historical injustices . Well, theres no statute of limitations if those injustices are still wreaking havoc. The fundamental problem is, the inadequate set of resources that blacks can transfer from past generations, that creates the racial wealth gap. And that dynastic effect is associated with our whole history of White Supremacy and racism in the united states. On those rare occasions when did manage to buy land and to develop it, all too often something happened, somethingdi ins. Someone was cheated, someone was lynched in the fily, the timing of a fire. Reporter but of course, not everyone agrees. Youve been teaching at brown for years. Noeconomist glenn loury, kwn fol and browe georgetown, like harvard, like yale, was built to some significant extent by slaves, . Es, thats certainly true, the brown family fortune did have a lot to do with the slave trade. D aneres nothing wrong with honoring the uncompensated labor of people who were enslaved to build institutions like this. Reporter but aational law . My problem with reparations, especially as it expresses itself in terms of financial compensation, is that it misunderstands the nature of the injury. Seeing blackness and african descent as some kind of subhumat category, ould legitimate in the land of the free and the home of the brave carrying on a commerce in human chattel. That was a deep and profound injury. It cant be made into a piece of cash reporter but youre an economist. The legacy of slaversed down from generation to generation, hampering, handicapping the progeny of those who were enslaved. Why not compensate them for the losses theyve actually suffered . I dont want, want my country to take 35 Million People and to see them as mainly the descendants of slaves. 150 years, its a very, very long time to nurture that dimension of my identity, at the expense of every other aspect of my identity. African americans like myself, were doing fine. This is sogreat and open ety, and we have been finally and in the fullness of me allowed to prosper. Those who are poor are poor. Their povey needs to be nfronted. Theres no justification for giving increed attention to eir poverty at the expense of other americanep poverty. Ter you mean theres no difference in the legacy of a poor African American and a poor white in this country. No difference worthy of our political attention. Or rr loury has no problem with a proposed fix at georgetown, however. Students there have voted for an added fee 27. 20 per student per semester, for the 272 people sold, to be paid to descendants. The university has yet to approve it. And the idea here is tt reparations should be made to the descendants of the people who were sold to keep the institution going. I have a little bit of a problem with the word reparation. Black people ct be repaired the midst of a broken white society. We cannot be repaired fromci and disenfranchisement when White Supremacy continues to be a growing disease in our society. Reporter so what word would you use . How about, some respect. Some responsibility. Reporter acknowledgment. Ight. Reporter this is economics correspondent paul solman, reporting from washington. Ht woodruff ton brief but spectacular comes from english actor aml ameen. He describes how a cha encounter with movie star idris elr set him on a path to ho his jamaican roots. Tonights interview is part of our ongoing coverage of arts and culture, caas. The story is, i kind of went to my dad at like six years old and i sa, dad, dad, i want to be an actor. And he was like, youre sure, son . I said, yeah. He said, all right. And say, sent me to a stage school. And from six to 16, i learned to tap, ballet, dancing. I just knew instinctively that i wanted to be an entertainer all around. Heres an old saying, lu i when preparation meets opportunity. And so i think thats quite true. I s on my way from london to l. A. I just heard from the gods, right, aml and i was like turned around and it was idris. And i had not seen idris in years. He was going to l. A. And i was going to l. A. And we both got on the same flight for 11 hours. We spoke about yardi, this n this book that he had gr on and loved, about a jamaican gangster that comes to london. And he spoke about me doing this film and what it would be. Both of our families, both ourer fawere immigrants to megland and what it meant at that particular n the 80s and late seventies, being an immigrant and how the im cct of jamaicture in london, how it changed the nucleus of what loon is now. Its a very multicultural place because of the contributions of so many different immigrants, not least of all jamaicans. Our yardi, the film version, a ut a young man who witnesses the murder of his older brother. Its a very important film in my life because it just reflects a story and a version of jamaica thats never been seen. You know, you know, weve gotoo the runnings version of jamaica. We have the shottas version of jamaica, but the jamaica that idris captured was this very beautiful, almost mystical, magical island. And what was amazing for me is i accessed the part of myself that is now there forever. You know, jamaicans are bold, theyre unapologetic, you know, through their poverty, theres still a lot of pride. My name is aml ameen and this is my brief, but spectacular take on finding myself through character. Woodruff you can find additional brief but spectacular episodes on our websit www. Pbs. Org newshour brief. On the newshour online right now, miniscule plastic fragments are everywhere, and difficult to remove. A new study offers a possible longterm solution for cleaning plastics out of wastewater by using nanotechnology. Learn more on our web site, www. Pbs. Org newshour. And thats the newshour for tonight. Im judy woodruff. Join us online and again here tomorrow evening when mark shields and david brooks give their take on the 2020 race. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by babbel. A Language Program that teaches spanish, french, italian, german, and more. Babbels ten to 15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. More information on babbel. Com. Consumer cellular. Financial Services Firm raymond james. Nd with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was ma possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions t pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org youre watching pbs. Hello everyone, and welcome to amanpour co. Heres whats coming up. 30,000 people dying while the Health Care Industry makes tens of billions of dollars in profit. Health care at the center of the democrats bid to unseld dotrump, but should they fix what exists or go big and bold . In well div the policy and the political. Plus, u. S. china trade talks end with no program. A top expert explains what china is thinking in all of this. And. She told me i c wasnting home until i learned respect. How long did that take . Two ars. From the bronx to nigeria to the most exciting rising chef in america, o our