Fish. Were going to go ahead and get started. Tonight, as the world struggles to contain and recover from the novel coronavirus, we offer a story we completed just before life changed so dramatically. Can you sung me a song from your youth . Its a story of history, hope, survival, and resilience, which has its roots in another time when the world was convulsed by crisis, world war ii. Aaron, tell us what your parents did before the war. They owned and operated a butcher shop. This interview is unlike any we have ever done. Its your mentality. Its your soul. Its your mind. Uncredibly, aaron elster, a holocaust survivor, died two years ago. Whats the weather like today . Im actually recording. I cannot answer that question. Im lesley stahl. Im bill whitaker. Im anderson cooper. Im scott pelley. Those stories, tonight, on 60 minutes. ticking this portion of 60 minutes is sponsored by progressive insurance. Save when you bundle auto, home, or motorcycle insurance. Save when you bundle auto, home, or motorcycle insurance. Visit progressive. Com. Commercial halftime show, and now e featuring smash mouth. Hey now, youre an all star get your game on, go play thank you goodnight [ cheers and applause ] now enjoy the second half of the commercial even renters can bundle and save where did that come from . The kitchen. It was halftime. Where did that come from . The first fdaapproved tremfya® can help adults with moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis uncover clearer skin that can last. Most patients who saw 90 clearer skin at 28 weeks stayed clearer through 48 weeks. In another study, the majority of tremfya® patients saw 90 clearer skin at 3 years. Tremfya® may increase your risk of infections and lower your ability to fight them. Tell your doctor if you have an infection or symptoms or if you had a vaccine or plan to. Serious allergic reactions may occur. Tremfya®. Uncover clearer skin that can last. Janssen can help you explore cost support options. The coronavirus continues to affect us all, and we are here, actively supporting you and your community. Every day, were providing trusted information from top health experts. Sharing tools to help protect families from fraud. And creating resources to support family caregivers everywhere. As always, you can count on aarp to advocate for you and your family. Join us and stay connected at aarp. Org coronavirus scott pelley ten million americans filed for unemployment in the last two weeks. Thats more jobs lost than in the 18months of the great recession. Those sidelined by coronavirus include Business Owners at the height of their success, americans who never imagined asking for help and those who believed we would never again explore the depths of the 1930s. Coasttocoast, the economy is in Critical Condition with workers idled at boeing, general motors, ford, ge, marriott and macys. But the largest job losses will likely come from the biggest employer of allSmall Business. Melba wilson when i look around at my dining room of 109 people. We normally see a lot of life. Right now, i see despair. The restaurant is normally jammed packed. And this is what we have right now. Its an empty space. Pelley three weeks ago, you were lucky to get one of these tables at melbas in harlem. Wilson i started melbas 16 years ago with money that i saved up under my mattress. Pelley literally, under the mattress . Wilson literally, under the mattress. So, i grew up watching my mother doing that. And i emulated it. Pelley saving, sacrifice, and carolina cooking made melba wilson a hit. Now, shes laid off 24 employees. Melbas is restricted to take out and delivery, like new york citys other 27,000 restarants; overall one of the citys largest employers. Wilson well, if youre looking at the Bigger Picture across new york, youre looking at restaurants, youre looking at nightlife and youre looking at almost a half a Million People that dont have jobs, that cannot feed their families, that cannot pay their bills. That dont know where their next meals are coming from. Thats despair. Thats devastation. Pelley how much devastation is estimated by economists as an eventual Unemployment Rate between 10 and 30 . We found the numbers would be higher if state Unemployment Offices were not overwhelmed. All specialists are busy with other customers. You must call back this week. Kaitlyn reynolds ive done that 50 times, every day, for two weeks. Pelley two weeks ago, Kaitlyn Reynolds was a Vice President of a firm that organizes business conferences. She filed for unemployment online but discovered her last step, in new york, is a mandatory phone call. Reynolds 50 times a day since march 16 to get through to the Contact Center for unemployment to continue my claim and i have not yet been able to get through. Pelley guy hillel, found the Unemployment Office website had crashed. Guy hillel you would go two or three pages in, and it would throw you out, would tell you that you know, session is timed out. You then you do go six pages in; again, it will throw you out. This session is timed out. You would go all the way to the end, press submit. You press submit and it will tell you session is timed out. Pelley time ran out on the hotel where hillel was a manager. A native of israel, he worked in hospitality for 20 years. When his 500room, Times Square Hotel closed, he went home to his wife, two children and a new occupation connecting with the Unemployment Office. Hillel after i think ten days, i was able to submit and go to the next step, which was a phone call. Your call cannot be completed as dialed. Hillel im gonna try again. 606. Pelley no one at the Unemployment Office is answering his call either. We are experiencing a high volume of calls at this time. Hillel and, they hung me up. Pelley his Credit Card Company is giving him a break for 90 days. No such luck with his car payment. What is it like, after so many years in your industry, bringing home a paycheck every week . What is it like that youre not doing that now . Hillel it hurts your pride, in a way, you know . Sleepless night. You wake up in the middle of the night, thinking, worrying what will be next . How can we how can we get to the next step . Pelley have you ever applied for unemployment before . Reynolds never. Pelley how do you feel about it . Reynolds at first i was embarrassed ive worked since i was 15. Ive always put work above anything else. Ive never i never thought i would be in a position like this where i would need to ask for help. Pelley are you a month away from being broke . Two months away . Reynolds id say about a month. Yeah. Pelley it may take a month or more for the largest government bailout in history to show much effect. Federallybacked emergency Small Business loans will become available through banks, but demand, is likely to cause delay, like those calls to the Unemployment Office. Melba wilson applied for a loan. Her employees are waiting. Alysha navarro it was devastating. I was heartbroken, i was scared. Scared for me and scared for my daughter. Pelley Alysha Navarro was laid off at melbas after two years. Shes single with a oneanda halfyearold daughter and a list of questions. Navarro can i feed my family . How can i pay bills . You wonder if this last three or four months, am i gonna become homeless . Wave at the camera. Hi camera. Pelley Unemployment Benefits have been temporarily increased for the emergency, about double in many states. But even that leaves navarro about 2,000 a month short. Navarro sing rain, rain go away. This month, i wont be able to pay my cable, and i wont be able to pay my phone bill. Pelley you got the rent covered . Navarro definitely have the rent covered for this month, but i dont i have it covered for the next two months. But after that, what do i do . Pelley new york ordered a 90 day stop on evictions. Nationwide, foreclosures on federallybacked mortgages are delayed 60 days. Like most americans, Alysha Navarro is expecting a onetime check of 1,200 from the bailout fund and 500 for her daughter but those checks are likely six or eight weeks away. As Kaitlyn Reynolds found, the safety net wasnt meant to catch so many millions at once. You know, im curious. Would you try the Unemployment Office again . Reynolds yeah, absolutely. Let me pull up the number. Were sorry. We are experiencing an extremely high volume of calls at this time. Thank you for calling new york state Contact Center. My name is myria, how may i assist you . Pelley the high volume of calls is 1. 3 million a day, the state office told us. Its completing 61,000 applications a day. May i have your first and last name . Can i also have your address . Answer the questions truthfully. And the reason you are no longer working . Is it lack of work, discharged or quit . Pelley like other states, new york is attempting to spread calls across different days of the week based on the applicants last name. The state is training another 200 reinforcements, some will take calls from home. Were doing everything we can to get people paid as soon as possible. Danny meyer this virus has, for me, been almost like a hurricane with no wind, or a forest fire with no flame. Pelley danny meyer is among new yorks most successful restaurateurs. He started the shake shack chain and runs 20 other restaurants. How many people have you laid off . Meyer weve laid off over 2,000 people by now. Pelley restaurant jobs are the most vulnerable in the crisis. Retail is second. Meyer theres about 660,000 restaurants in america. You can do the math on how many human beings are actively working, producing something of real value by bringing people together, and theyre out of work right now. Pelley the math is, 12 million jobs in restaurants, which meyer explained is only the start. Meyer then you start to look at all the concentric circles, the people that do our flowers, the people that deliver the bread, the people who fish for our fish. We know from the farmers in the greenmarket that, if people are not gathering, and restaurants are not open, how do you know what to plant . You dont go to the trouble of planting a crop only to have it go fallow. Pelley factories are fallow too. Manufacturing output is dropping at the fastest rate since the great recession. Michael bednark we employed about 120 fulltime employees at bednark studio. Pelley Michael Bednark owns a brooklyn design and Fabrication Company that makes displays for retailers. Bednark we laid off about 25 of our staff, about 30 people. We made, basically a paycut across the board for everyone, so a wage reduction. Pelley his factory builds in wood, glass, metal and plastic. He has enough contracts at the moment to last about a month and a half. Bednark we sort of just were trying to stay positive, find a way to get through six weeks. And hopefully on the other side thered be something to do. Pelley and you found a way. Bednark we did. Pelley overnight, working with a partner, bednark is now manufacturing gear for hospitals. The minimum pay here is 18 an hour. Theyre making 27,000 face shields a day. The new York Department of health wants to buy half a million. So you were forced to lay off about 30 people. And now youve hired how many . Bednark weve probably hired close to 100 ourselves. Theres probably about 300400 people working on this project. We have Truck Drivers and we have then we have auxiliary people working on it. Every day we get a new a lunch served by a local restaurant. They deliver 160 boxed lunches. Pelley a restaurant that was closed except for takeout is now delivering 150 lunches to your face mask factory. Bednark yeah, our goal was to its basically to keep the funds in brooklyn, keep the funds in new york. Help people help others. So, by, you know, giving them a lunch, we can employ ten, 15 people at a restaurant each day. Pelley we actually heard a lot of stories of empathy. Alysha navarro from melbas cooked up one way to help. Navarro i study how to do homemade hand sanitizers, lysols, homemade masks to help people who are less, who are unfortunate, and who cant afford those things. And you can make them with every day home supplies. Pelley danny meyer started a Nonprofit Charity making grants to his most needy former employees, and Michael Bednarks people are sacrificing for each other. Bednark we had some employees offering to split their weeks. So, theyd do 20 hours and then have their counterpart do 20 hours that week just to sort of keep people working and keep people busy and keep people getting paid. Pelley you had employees volunteer to split their weeks with somebody who was less fortunate . Bednark correct. Pelley the best of these stories happened before our eyes. Wilson a chicken dish, a grilled salmon and a vegetarian dish, correct . Yeah. Wilson okay. Pelley melba wilson took an order for takeout from someone who wanted to remain anonymous. 100 dinners to be delivered to nearby mount sinai hospital, one voice on the phone joining a chorus of americans, longing for better days ahead. Wilson i am so uplifted, first of all, by the fact that you are doing this for the medical staff and also that you are helping my employees. So, it means the world to me. And your name is melba . That obviously means youre the owner . Wilson yeah, my name is melba, yeah, i just happen to be the owner. And thank you so much. And stay safe, may god continue to bless you. Thank you. Yeah, byebye. Wilson okay, byebye. My grandmother always told us, this too shall pass. And its times of, when, of trials and tribulation that i lean on my faith and i lean on my spirit. I dont know how. I dont know when. But believe me, this too shall pass. ticking for more our on cowr our coverage of the coronavirus gosh, to 60 minutes. Over time. Com sponsored by cologard. Im noninvasive and detect altered dna in your stool to find 92 of colon cancers. Even in early stages. Tell me more. Its for people 45 plus at average risk for colon cancer, not high risk. False positive and negative results may occur. Ask your prescriber if cologuard is right for you. Im on it. Thats a step in the right direction. Play my bad girl snapping playlist dance cookie, dance introducing at t tv. Watch with easy selfsetup. Shipped directly to you. Neutrogena® rapid wrinkle repair®. Weve got the retinol that gives you results in one week. Not just any retinol. Accelerated retinol sa. For not only smoother skin in one day, but youngerlooking skin in just one week. And thats clinically proven. Results that fast or your money back. Unless youre attached to your wrinkles. One week is all it takes. Neutrogena®. But when allergies attack,f any the excitement fades. One week is all it takes. Allegra helps you say yes with the fastest nondrowsy allergy relief and turning a half hearted yes, into an all in yes. Allegra. Live your life, not your allergies. Pelley tonight, as the world struggles to contain and recover from the novel coronavirus, we offer a story we completed just before life changed so dramatically. It is a story of history, hope, survival and resilience, which has its roots in another time when the world was convulsed by crisis world war ii. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the end of that war and of the liberation of concentration camps across europe. Most of the survivors who remain are now in their 80s and 90s. Soon there will be no one left who experienced the horrors of the holocaust firsthand no one to answer questions or bear witness to future generations. But as lesley stahl reports, a new and dramatic effort is underway to change that. Harnessing the technologies of the present and the future, it keeps alive the ability to talk to, and get answers from, the past. Lesley stahl hi, aaron. Aaron elster hello. Stahl can i ask you some questions . Elster you can ask me anything you want, within reason. Stahl our interview with holocaust survivor aaron elster, who spent two years of his childhood hidden in a neighbors attic, was unlike any interview we have ever done. Aaron, tell us what your parents did before the war. Elster they owned and operated a butcher shop. Stahl it wasnt the content of the interview that was so unusual. Where did you live . Elster i was born in a small town in poland called sokolow podlaski. Stahl its the fact that this interview was with a man who was no longer alive. Aaron elster died two years ago. Whats the weather like today . Elster im actually a recording. I cannot answer that question. Heather maio the survivors were getting very old. Stahl heather maio came up with the idea for this project. She had worked on exhibits featuring Holocaust Survivors for years, and wanted future generations to have the same opportunity to interact with them as shed had. Maio i wanted to talk to a holocaust survivor like i would today, with that person sitting right in front of me and we were having a conversation. Stahl she knew that back in the 90s, after making the film schindlers list, Steven Spielberg created a Foundation Named for the hebrew word for the holocaust, shoah, to film and collect testimonies from as many survivors as possible they have interviewed nearly 55,000 of them so far and have stored them at the university of southern california. But maio dreamed of something more dynamic being able to actively converse with survivors after theyre gone. And she figured, in the age of Artificial Intelligence tools like siri and alexa, the technology had to be creatable. Stephen smith ive been involved in interviewing Holocaust Survivors for over 20 years. Stahl she brought the idea to stephen smith, executive director of the u. S. C. Shoah foundation, and now her husband. He loved it, but some of his colleagues werent so sure. Maio one of them looked at me, she was, like, you wanna talk to dead people . Stahl and you said, yes, because thats the point. Maio thats the point. Stahl well maybe people thought youre turning the holocaust into something maybe hokey . Maio yeah. They said that, youre gonna disneyfy stahl yes. Maio youre gonna disneyfy the holocaust. Smith we had a lot of pushback on this project. Is it the right thing to do . What about the wellbeing of the survivors . Are we trying to keep them alive beyond their deaths . Everyone had questions except for one group of people, the survivors themselves, who said, where do i sign up . I would like to participate in this project. No barriers to entry. Stahl the first survivor they signed up to do a trial run was a man named pinchas gutter, who was born in poland and deported to the majdanek concentration camp with his parents and twin sister sabina at the age of 11. He is the only one who survived. They flew pinchas from his home in toronto to los angeles, and asked him to sit inside this. So youre in this dome . What pinchas gutter yeah, i call it a sphere. They call it a dome. And then eventually, it was called a bubble. Stahl a bubble surrounding him with lights and more than 20 cameras. The goal was to futureproof the interviews so that as Technology Advances and 3d, hologramlike projection becoms the norm, theyll have all the necessary angles. Smith so the very first day we went to film pinchas, we had these ultra high speed cameras. They were all linked together and synced together to make this video of him. So we sit down and they press record. Nothing happens. So pinchas is sitting there with 6,000 l. E. D. Lights on him and cameras that dont work. Pinchas can i go back to sleep now . Stahl sunglasses shielded his eyes. Pinchas when are we gonna start . I was bored sitting in that chair, so i started singing to myself. So suddenly, steven had this idea, oh, hes singing. We gonna record some songs of his. Smith he was such a good sport. Maio he was a really good sport. Stahl eventually the cameras rolled, ad pinchas was asked to come back to the bubble for the real thing. How long were you in that chair . Gutter a whole week from 9 00 to 5 00. Stahl a week . Gutter we were there with breaks for lunch. Ad but i was there from 9 00 to 5 00 answering questions stahl oh my gosh. It took so long because they asked him nearly 2,000 questions. The idea was to cover every conceivable question anyone might ever want to ask him. Did you have to look exactly the same . Gutter i had to wear the same clothes and i had three pairs of the same jackets, the same shirts, the same trousers, the same shoes. Stahl pinchas can now be seen, in those shirts, trousers, and shoes, at holocaust museums in dallas, indiana, and here at the Illinois Holocaust Museum in skokie, outside chicago, where visitors can ask him their own questions. What kept you going, or what gave you hope while you were experiencing hardship in the camps . Gutter we did hope that the nazis would lose the war. Stahl pinchass image is projected onto an 11foot high screen. What we see here. Stahl smith joined us to explain how the technology works. Smith so whats happening is all of the answers to the questions that pinchas gave go into a database. And when you ask a question, the algorithm is looking through all of the database do i have an answer to that. And then itll bring back what it thinks is the closest answer to your question. Stahl im going to try talking to pinchas. Smith yes. Stahl all right. Did you have a happy childhood . Gutter i had a very happy childhood. My parents were winemakers. My father started teaching me to become a winemaker when i was threeandahalf years old. By the age of five, i could already read and i could already write. Stahl wow, youre very smart. Gutter thank you. Stahl ive noticed theres a little jiggle right before pinchas starts to talk. What is that . Smith what youre seeing here isnt a human being. Its video clips that are that are being butted up to each other and played. And as it searches and brings the clip in, you just youre seeing a little bit of a jump cut. Stahl the jump cuts stopped being distracting once we started talking about the fate of pinchass family. Tell us what happened when you got to the camp. Gutter as soon as we arrived there, we were being separated into different groups. And my sister was somehow pushed towards the children. And i saw her, she must have spotted my mother. So she ran towards my mother. I saw my mother. And she hugged her. And since that time, all i can remember whenever i think of my sister is her long big, long, blonde braid. Stahl that was the last time he saw his twin sister sabina. He learned later that day that she and both his parents had been killed in the gas chambers. Pinchas was alone at age 11, put to work as a slave laborer. Did you ever see anybody killed . Gutter unfortunately, i saw many people die in front of my eyes. Stahl i wasnt sure how a recording would handle what i wanted to ask pinchas next. How can you still have faith in god . Gutter how can you possibly not believe in god . Stahl well, how did he let this happen . Gutter god gave human beings the knowledge of right and wrong and he allowed them to do what they wished on this earth, to find their own way. To my mind, when god sees what human beings are up to, especially things like genocide, he weeps. Stahl wow. Stephen, i could ask him questions for ten hours. And on the screen smit yeah stahl wow. Since pinchas gutter was filmed, the Shoah Foundation has recorded interviews with 21 more Holocaust Survivors, each for a full week. And theyve shrunk the setup required, so they can take a mobile rig on the road to record survivors close to where they live. Theyve deliberately chosen interview subjects with all different wartime experiences survivors of auschwitz, hidden children, and as we saw last fall in new jersey. Alan moskin gonna hook me up again, huh . Yup. Stahl 93yearold alan moskin, who isnt a holocaust survivor. He was a liberator. Moskin entering that camp was the most horrific sight ive ever seen or ever hope to see the rest of my life. Stahl moskin was an 18year old private when his army unit liberated a littleknown concentration camp called gunskirchen. Moskin there was a pile of skeletonlike bodies on the left. There was another pile of skeleton like bodies on the right. Those poor souls thats the term my lieutenant kept screaming, oh my god, look at these poor souls. Stahl each of alan moskins answers is then isolated by a team of researchers at the Shoah Foundation office. Moskin i remember the expression and the attitude of all of us, what in the freak . What is this . God almighty. Stahl . Who add into the system a variety of questions people might ask to trigger that response. Maio for every question that we asked, there are 15 different ways of asking the same question. Stahl and thats fed in . Maio and thats all manual. Stahl editors rotate the image, turn the green screen background into black, and then a long process of testing begins, some of it in schools. So, mr. Pinchas on your screen. Stahl students are asked to try it out, ask whatever questions they want, and see if te system calls up the correct answer. How did you find out that your city was getting invaded by germany . Would you ever want to seek revenge . How did you feel about your family . Gutter can you rephrase that, please . Stahl every question and response is then reviewed. Maio we log every single question thats asked of the system, and see if there is a better response that addresses that question more directly. Stahl as we discovered, its still a work in progress. Tell us about your family when you were a little boy. Gutter how about you ask me about life after the war . Smith so, couple of things about Artificial Intelligence. It is mainly artificial and not so intelligent. Maio just yet, for now. Smith but the beauty of Artificial Intelligence is it develops over time. So we arent changing the content. All the answers remain the same. But over time, the range of questions that you can ask will be enhanced considerably. Stahl and you had to stay silent . Questions to draw out what it was like for aaron elster hiding in that attic 75 years ago. Elster i used to pray to god to let me live til i was 25. I wanted to taste what adulthood would be like. Stahl the rest of that conversation with aaron elster, as well as one with a survivor of Josef Mengeles infamous twin experiments at auschwitz, when we come back. Elster so, am i a lucky guy . Yes i am. ticking cbs money watch sponsored by lincoln unanimous, helping you create a secure financial future. Good evening. President trump will ask for more money as Small Business relief funds run out. Ce i. R. S. Will start sending 1,200 checks to americans this week, and oil hits an 18year low amid virus lockdown and week, and oil hits an 18year low amid virus lockdown and price wars. Im karen lee, cbs news. Over. Under. Hey whoa, pop, pop. Your shoes untied. We always take care of the ones we love, no matter what. At lincoln financial, we share that responsibility. Standing by your side, as we have for over 115 years. Wayfair has way more ways to renovate your home, from inspiration to installation. Like way more vanities perfect for you. Nice. Way more unique fixtures and tiles. Pairing. Nice. Way more top brands in sinks and faucets. Way more ways to rule your renovation. Nice on any budget, with free shipping. Wayfair. Way more than furniture. Theres my career,. My cause,. My choir. Im a work in progress. So much goes. Into who i am. Hiv medicine is one part of it. 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So those on the front line can do their part. And when this is over, we will all, continue, to thrive. While keeping safe and staying in, we can still go out sort of. So while youre discovering new things to do in the box, well be here for you. At the drivethru, on the mobile app, and with delivery. ticking pelley this weekend, while we care for our families, we are aware many families grieve for loved ones lost to the pandemic, perhaps telling their stories and finding some solace in shared memories. The power of shared memory lies at the heart of the Shoah Foundations project to allow meaningful conversations with Holocaust Survivors, even after those survivors themselves are gone. Of more than 20 men and women who have participated so far, three have already passed away. Tonight, we are sharing Lesley Stahls conversations with two of them conversations that at times felt so normal, lesley says she could almost forget she was talking with the digital image of someone no longer living. First, a spunky 49 woman named eva kor, an identical twin, who together with her sister survived auschwitz and the notorious experiments of dr. Josef mengele. Eva kor spent her life after the war in terre haute, indiana. She died last summer at the age of 85. Stahl hi, eva. How are you today . Eva kor im fine, and how are you . Stahl im good. It felt natural to answer her question before posing my own. So how old were you when you went to auschwitz . Kor when i arrived in auschwitz, i was ten years old. And i stayed in auschwitz until liberation, which was about nine months later when we were liberated. Smith so we made a little announcement about the fact we were starting this project. I get a call the next day from a lady called eva kor. I didnt know her at that point in time. And she says, i want to be one of those 3d interviews. Maio i want to be a hologram. Smith a hologram. I want to be a hologram. Stahl stephen smith, executive director of the u. S. C. Shoah foundation, and his wife and colleague Heather Maio Smith, were running the project. Smith i said, well, im traveling, im very sorry. Wherere you going . Oh, well, ive got to go new york. Im going to d. C. When are you gonna go to d. C. . Im going to d. C. Turns out we were going to the same event in d. C. I arrive at my hotel shes sitting in the lobby, waiting for me. Stahl when eva, on the right, and her twin sister miriam arrived at auschwitz, they were pulled away from their parents and older sisters and taken to a barrack full of twins. They never saw their family again. 60 minutes reported on mengeles twin experiments in a story back in 1992, and we actually interviewed the living eva kor at her home in terre haute. Eva told us then about becoming extremely sick after an injection. Kor mengele came in every morning and every evening, with four other doctors. And he declared, very sarcastically, laughing, too bad. Shes so young. She has only two weeks to live. When i heard that, i knew he was right and i immediately made a silent pledge that i would prove you, dr. Mengele, wrong. Stahl imagine picking up a conversation almost 30 years later and after evas death. Eva, tell us about dr. Mengele. What was he like . Kor he had a gorgeous face, a movie star face, and very pleasant, actually. Dark hair, dark eyes. When i looked into his eyes, i could see nothing but evil. People say that the eyes are the center of the soul, and in mengeles case, that was correct. Stahl eva and miriam are visible in footage taken by the soviet forces that liberated auschwitz 75 years ago. They went back to the camp many times; eva continuing to go even after miriams death in 1993. Because the train came on that direction. Stahl it was on one of those visits that eva made a stunning announcement kor i, eva moses kor, stahl . That she had decided to forgive her nazi captors. Kor hereby give amnesty to all nazis who participated. Stahl she came under blistering attack from other survivors. How can you forgive . How is that possible . Kor my forgiveness does not mean that i forget what happened, which is impossible. My forgiveness is an act of selfhealing, selfliberation, and selfempowerment. Stahl are you able to forgive, aaron . Elster i cannot forgive. Stahl aaron elster disagrees. Elster for them to get forgiveness, they have to ask my little sister, sarah, whom they brutally murdered. I have no right to forgive, and i will not forgive. Smith whats important for me in this project is that we have Holocaust Survivors who have different points of view about god and religion and faith and forgiveness. And thats what this project wi allow us to do. Stahl aaron elster, unlike many Holocaust Survivors, never spent time in a concentration camp. As jews were being rounded up in his towns marketplace and sent to treblinka, his father told him to run. He was nine years old. Elster and i managed to crawl into the sewer that ran along the marketplace, the street, and kept crawling til i felt i was outta sight, stood up and started running. Stahl he made it to the building of an older polish couple named the gurskis whod been customers at his familys butcher shop. Maio he shows up. And she didnt want to take him. He started crying. And then she led him upstairs. Stahl aaron, how long did you stay in the attic . Elster i lived in that attic for close to two years. Two years with just one visit a day to bring food and water. What was it like in the attic . Elster oh, theres so many things that i remember, the hunger, the fear, the absolute, total loneliness, what do you do all day . Youre sitting there. I used to catch flies, out of desperation, and tear their wings off, so they wouldnt fly away, so i had em there. Stahl how did you survive . How did you survive in that attic . Elster i had the ability to daydream. I used to write novels in my head. I was the hero all the time. And we have that ability to either give in to our misery and our pain and die or absorb the physical pain by keep your mentality, keep your soul, keep your mind. So was i bored . Was i scared . Was i in need of somebody to accept me or to tell me that im okay, that im a nice kid . Sure. But that was not part of my life. Smith we got a phone call to say that aaron elster had suddenly passed away. I was at a conference at that time. So the next morning, i went into the little room that we had, and i turned on Aaron Elsters testimony. And i realized i was going to be the first person ever to click that little button and ask a question of somebody who was no longer alive. And for the next six hours, people came in and out of that room. His funeral had not yet taken place, and yet the legacy was already continuing. And it was a very powerful and touching moment. Maio youre good. Youre doing great. Stahl a touching moment that may soon be available to others beyond the community of Holocaust Survivors. Maio theyre gonna come in, and theyre gonna have you look. Stahl Heather Maio Smith says in the process of developing and testing this technology, she was barraged with inquiries. Maio there wasnt one person, literally not one, that didnt ask me if they could do a similar interview with either a loved one, for themselves, stahl unrelated to the holocaust . Maio unrelated, completely unrelated. Can i do this with someone that i know . Stahl hats the answer . Maio yes. Stahl she has started an independent company that is trying to expand the use of this technology. I was an astronaut for nasa. Stahl . Recording interviews with other historical figures like astronauts, and eventually with anyone at all. Maio what unit were you in . Stahl so do you think that this is just going to be a tool that people will use everybody will be recording their histories maio interactively stahl and other people can interview them . Maio uhhuh. Stahl itll just be life . Maio yeah. Were gonna go ahead and get started. Stahl for now, though, the race is on to capture interviews with as many Holocaust Survivors as possible while theres still time, so the conversations can continue, always, with people like aaron elster. Do you want revenge . Elster when i was a youngster i wanted revenge very, very, very much, and i hated. I hated. But most of the perpetrators, most of the killers are dead. So who am i going to hate . The grandchildren that had nothing to do with . Its not right. Revenge is not part of my life, not part of my thinking. Stahl you know, here you have these people who were basically destined to be annihilated. That they survived is the miracle. But they were supposed to be murdered, killed. And now they have immortality. Smith they were not supposed to have a name. They were supposed to be destroyed for all time. And now, through this program, they will be able to continue to answer questions hundreds of years after the nazis have gone. Stahl its that never forget. Smith weve had a lot of cliches around the holocaust. You know, never again, never forget, we must remember, all this sort of thing. What this does, it makes sure that there isnt closure because its not about a statement. Its not about a particular thing thats being instructed of you. The onus is on you to ask the questions. The onus is on you to be curious, and to want to know. And so in a sense, it turns the learning on its head and says, im not going to tell you what the lessons of the holocaust are. Im not going to tell you what the holocaust means. But if you want to find out, then you can ask. Gutter its so terribly important. Stahl so there we were, at a special moment in time when the living pinchas gutter could talk to the one who will live forever. Would you ask you a question for us . Gutter i will ask the one which is my favorite. Stahl okay. Gutter can you sing me a song from your youth . You want me to sing it for you . Yes, please. singing in polish stahl what does that mean . What is the song . Is it a happy song . Gutter yeah, well, its a happy song. Its like a brother and a sister which of course, my twin sister are traveling in the woods or on the on the road, and they cant get over how beautiful the world is. Stahl oh my god. singing in polish ticking staying inside saves lives. Stay home, please stay home, stay home, were gonna have to get creative in here. I really think togetherness is the super power of our species. Lets do it together. We will keep each other company. I want you to meditate with me. Lets get ready together. Coming yoga with me each day could be a different thing. Hi, guys. Welcome back to another studying video. But first, some rock and roll. Aghhhhhhhh i want you guys to stay home and cook with me. This is the one you want to get. Ooohhh like reading what you guys are up too. And im real into it. Why not turn on the camera . Do it as a group, do it together and make some comfort food, because we all need that right now. You can slow the growth of this and save lives. For adults with moderately to severely active crohns disease, stelara® works differently. Studies showed relief and remission, with dosing every 8 weeks. Stelara® may lower your ability to fight infections and may increase your risk of infections and cancer. Some serious infections require hospitalization. Before treatment, get tested for tb. 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John dickerson this week, the number of coronavirus deaths, worldwide, reached 60,000. A wife became a widow. A son never got to say goodbye to his father. At cbs, we lost the light of our beloved colleague maria mercader. This suffering is different. We are all a part of it. But we also must keep moving. We are scared. Distracted. Trying to make it through the day. As we rush, though, we risk trampling on the grieving, especially when the deaths they mourn are totaled up for political fights. For thousands, everything will be defined as either before or after this hinge point in their life. So we should spare a moment for sorrow. This is what pledges to be in this together actually mean. We tell those who have lost their world that the rest of the world is not indifferent to their suffering. We acknowledge that getting back to normal will be impossible for many. We should spare a moment to say, we see you. We feel your sorrow. You are not alone, even in this moment of deep loneliness. The human spirit endures, as lesley stahl showed us tonight. This virus will either drive us closer together or farther apart. Let it be the former. Im john dickerson. Well be back next week, with another edition of 60 minutes. Hey allergy muddlers. Achoo . Do your sneezes turn heads . Try zyrtec. It starts working hard at hour one. And works twice as hard when you take it again the next day. Zyrtec muddle no more. This is hals heart. Its been broken. And put back together. This is also hals heart. And his relief, knowing hes covered by Blue Cross Blue Shield. This is hals heart. And its beating better than ever. This is what medicare from Blue Cross Blue Shield does for hal. And with easy access to quality healthcare, imagine what we can do for you. This is the benefit of blue. Doprevagen is the number oneild mempharmacistrecommendeding . Memory support brand. You can find it in the vitamin aisle in stores everywhere. Prevagen. Healthier brain. Better life. Captioning funded by cbs and ford. We go further, so you can. Captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org good evening to you. Im gayle king, and im at home tonight in new york city. Chances are youre at home, too, surrounded by loved ones, keeping in touch with your loved ones, or maybe youre home alone. Everything youre going to see tonight was shot with social distancing in mind. This is a strange and unsettling, weird time. It feels surreal, right . Theres a lot of uncertainty about how long this is gonna last. But one thing we do know is the healing power of music. And nobody i mean nobody is better at using that power than Country Music artists. I love Country Music, and as many of you know, the academy of Country Music awards was supposed to take place tonight in las vegas. It was postponed, obviously, and it will take place in september