Detained: Masoud Molavi Vardanjani in Istanbul, Turkey, in October 2019, where he had been living.
Detained: Habib Chaab in Istanbul, Turkey, in October 2019. He had been living in Sweden.
Detained then killed: Ruhollah Zam in Karbala, Iraq, in October 2019. Executed in December 2020. He had been living in France.
Zam was executed by hanging on Saturday, Iranian state media said, as punishment for running the dissident media outlet Amad News.
A French security official, who agreed to discuss Zam's case with Insider on condition of anonymity, said that France's efforts to protect him could not extend to Iraq.
"Zam was under our protection and we would have never suggested he travel to Iraq where the Iranians have many resources and we would be unable to protect him," the official said.