Editor's Note: The latest official data showed the number of new births on the Chinese mainland in 2021 was 10.62 million, compared with about 12 million in 2020, and the fertility rate declined to a record low of 7.52 births per 1,000. Three scholars from the Republic of Korea, Japan and China shared their views on the common challenge of aging society at a recent forum held by the China Institute for Reform and Development. Below are excerpts from the three scholars' speeches: