Finding the opportunity. To visit us, actually, we talked a little with you before the broadcast, and it turned out that you were in almost all areas of the current front, does the situation generally differ depending on who is fighting on the side of the russian army, or is it mobilized, are they some sort of assault troops, did you feel any difference at all, depending on where you are, you know, our teams always tell us, it doesnt matter who is there or wagner is there or the paratroopers are there or someone else is there, the enemy is there. In any case, there is an enemy there, and this enemy, he, one way or another, is motivated to kill us, he is motivated to seize our land, he is motivated to continue this war against ukraine to destroy the ukrainian people. So, well, i mean, i didnt see anyone there really focusing on who, who they were fighting, so when intelligence is working there, they always notice that here and there, most likely, there are some scumbags standing there. Who were sent to the front from prisons, there are some people standing here, there are some people standing there who had some experience there, so that someone there, and by i mean from those people who are in the field, from those people who there are the military, of course, those people who carry the entire burden of the war, so that they, there, something serious, somehow discussed what is the difference between one, the occupiers and others, i have not met such a thing, or almost never met, but you mentioned about a motivated enemy, motivated to kill, have you had the opportunity to communicate, well, for example, with captured russians, and have you understood what this motivation depends on, where such motivation to kill ukrainians comes from, you know, yes, i crossed paths with captured russians several times, and the first once it was during the counterattack, and then they poked so quickly that they simply left several of their people , well, for example, someone went away, and when he returned, it turned out that he was there, he came from the well, it turned out that his boys there or his commander there simply abandoned him and ran away, and there were several dozen, if not several hundreds of such cases when they simply abandoned their own, or the wounded, or those who had gone there to fetch water there or there for the zabk or something, and these people were captured and they talked about the fact that i was just , well, it was a shock for me when a person from siberia, who said that it is nonsense that independent ukraine exists, it is just complete nonsense, thats why he, he was mobilized, he was not the one who voluntarily went to this one of the katsab army, but he was, for him it was clear what he was fighting for, for him it was the nonsense of the existence of an independent ukrainian state, well, if we are talking about the fact that there is no difference from those with whom we fight, then can we to talk about the differences of this war over the past year and a half, how the dynamics changed, what you personally felt , you know, the war is constantly changing, but when we read there, for example, about the first world war, it was there that war gases were used for the first time, and it somehow changed the course hostilities, then there tanks appeared, and they appeared there for the first time in the first world war, this also somehow changed the tactics and strategy of military operations there, in our war, against the russians, against the russian invaders, this also happens all the time, something new appears, what is changing the course of the war, at first it was, for example , beyraktars, then there were water drones, what are these missiles and drones that can hit russian ships, even there in the occupied crimea or somewhere nearby occupied crimea, this again somehow changed what is happening at the front. Now we, now we have have already appeared, already. The third or fourth or maybe the fifth, this is such a military knowhow, this is a very active use of fpv drones, first person view drones, kamyca drones, which are very widely used in many areas of the front, and i want say, they are used by both ukrainian defenders and russian invaders, they also learn very quickly, they also have some kind of experience, either in syria or during the years that they occupied part of the ukrainian territory, but they they also use irons and other inventions there, that one way or another adds to the headache of the ukrainian defenders, we will definitely return to the conversation now, we will now add to our broadcast yuriy seratyuk, a soldier of the fifth separate assault brigade, mr. Yuriy, can you hear me, good evening, greetings society, good evening, good evening, mr. Yury, well, actually, the situation in the bakhmut direction recently, most of the attention is focused on avdiyivka, but what is happening in the bakhmut direction, because active hostilities there do not stop , and today in the group east stated that the russians are losing positions there to the south of bakhmut, please tell us in more detail, well, on the bakhmut direction , hostilities continue continuously, nonstop, since the time when we bought the Strategic Initiative in the middle of may last year, the initiative is in our hands, we are slowly by metro, first we captured the dominant heights of southern bakhmut, between ivanivskyi and klishchiivka, and controlling the lower heights, we are trying to move around bakhmut, in the direction of the test, odravidka, for this it was necessary to recapture klishchiivka, further south and more south of andriivka, unfortunately, the terrain here does not allow you to move very quickly, the territories are very heavily mined, there are many ravines, in addition , there is such a forest from the bachmut, which enters the bachmut on one side, and reaches the railway, the tick on the other side, where the enemy can constantly move, but the initiative is still in our hands and it is very important , we now understand that the front, key combat operations continue in the south, we understand, we see what is happening in the kupinsk district, heavy battles, we see an attempt intercept the enemy initiative in the liiv direction, and therefore it is very important that we do not stop pressing here , because now only by exerting all our forces to the maximum on the entire front line, we can preserve the Strategic Initiative that has been in our Movement Since may, it is obvious that the movement from our side yes, in some places they have overcome the railway, the railway near klishchiivka, the fact that the enemy is very actively resorting to mining, including remote mining, quite often where our sappers passed, on the second day we again see the mined territory, well, the enemy, as always resorts to illegal methods of waging war, constantly using combat phosphorus, now began to use combat poisonous gas substances, we record this, well, we are constantly trying to pressure the enemy, because we understand that now the more we pressure the enemy here, the more the more we try to be active here, the easier it will be for our brothers who are now in the zaporozhye or kupinsky direction. Mr. Yuri, i wanted to mention one of your last posts on facebook, you wrote that a dramatic phase of the war had come. Allow me to quote, the overstrain of the war is being made known, the strategic balance on the front is not meeting the expectations of both sides, and the battle continues at the front. In the rear, despair is growing among the frontline soldiers , indignation, what is this indignation connected with, and actually, do the events in the rear affect it . Obviously, events in the rear have an effect, we are waiting for our third winter in the war, we understand that this will be a difficult period, we see what a high price this every movement is given to us, we see how people throw themselves at us for a penny drones, because the state has already created. platoons, units of unmanned aviation complexes, thats what drones are called in the military, but they are not allocated by these guys who serve in these units, they have to collect their own funds to buy these drones, and we see how somehow money is being wasted on nonsense, we see how relaxed part of the country lives and we understand that only with maximum tension, maximum synergy, which we had during the last year, we can defeat such a dangerous enemy and it is very angry that part of the country is already relaxed and lives outside the framework of the war, we sometimes say that the west begins to forget about the war in the country that is going on in that war in the west, but we see that and unfortunately, a part of the country forgets, thats all, and we discuss, that, we see this, and if, it is very unfortunate that part of the country does not understand that a peaceful life in illusory peaceful cities in ukraine, and there are none in reality, comes at an extremely heavy price, and therefore, strictly speaking, a dramatic period, because it was the feeling was already half a year ago, especially when we moved, when the Strategic Initiative was in our hands, there was a sense of a turning point in this war, there was an understanding that russia is no longer capable of winning, and she probably understands this, and russia is spending huge resources, just sleeping, huge human resources, to keep this line of battle, we see that even when we see there by artillery, how weakened their capabilities are, how they are all plugging holes with their living village, and very much. That we are not, that we try to act, asymmetrically, but we also understand that after passing this peak, you know, the marathon is very important, who has run marathons, he knows that the last fourth part, the end of the marathon , is the hardest, and now it seems to me that instead of everyone getting together, we should forget about the quarrels, because we see that some political showdowns, some pr campaigns have started again in teu, in order to get together, concentrate as much as possible and inflict maximum defeat on the enemy, because now, while the Strategic Initiative is in our hands, this is a unique chance for us to inflict a defeat on the enemy even more, because putin is early is it too late will announce additional mobilization, sooner or later rearm and it will be very difficult for us again, because this war is exceptional, this war is either us or them, there will be no score here, there will not be some kind of conditional victory for the two. Suits, therefore, and we feel it, but we feel that we are sometimes alone on this front line, that the country is no longer interested in what is happening here, sometimes it seems that they have forgotten about us, and therefore, strictly speaking, thats there is this dramatic stage that you realize that you you have to move forward, that you have to do it, that you have to reach the finish line, not to break, because of course, that few people expected that the war would drag on for so long, at such a high intensity. And that is why now it is very important for me, for our brothers in fact, to maintain this high fighting spirit and to pass this distance actually dramatically, because it is difficult not only physically, we have already learned to survive in the war, since we survived the first phases of the war, we have already become good soldiers, but it is difficult psychologically, and therefore it is very necessary to somehow return to the state in which we were about a year ago, when the whole country, the whole nation, all as one are focused on one thing, on victory and on the result. Heard, mr. Yuriy, i note that Radio Liberty is always interested in what is happening at the front, our correspondents are constantly working there, and i thank you and your colleagues who join our broadcasts and tell live what is happening there, thank you Yuriy Syrotyuk from the fifth separate assault brigade from the bakhmut direction was in direct contact with us, and let me remind you that in the studio we have yuriy matsarskyi, a journalist and also currently a serviceman of the armed forces of ukraine, yuriy, how much do they Pay Attention at all to what is happening in the rear, servicemen, do they talk about it when they have time, of course, well, of course, if, if there is free time, more precisely, when there is free time, they always discuss, some Family Matters are always discussed, what is there and how, whose house is there and in general there in the country as a whole, what is happening in politics and in social life, of course everyone is interested, well, that is, everyone interestingly, everyone really wants to return to a peaceful life and to their own brothers and sisters have returned to a peaceful life, of course, everyone is wondering what is going on, and you agree with this opinion that at the front it is felt that there is no such mobilization that we observed in the first months of course, this is not indisputable, it is all understand that there is no such thing now, well , you can just look there at the numbers of the very first donations that went to the army. In the first months of the war and to see how it is happening now, i was there last week and had a conversation with a combat officer, with a person who has also been there since the very first days, and went to officers position, to an officers position, to an officers rank, the path from an ordinary soldier, he had neither military education nor military experience, he went through this path in one and a half years and he says that now. , the attacks on the infrastructure will start again in the winter and civilians will remember us again, they will start bringing money to the military again, they will start remembering. What is really happening, and wondering what the soldiers at the front are really doing, lets wait, when they start again, winter will start again the infrastructure will begin to be shelled, people will again be left without light, without heat, and now they will remember that thanks to whom, this light and this heat can return and will return home, this is a year and a half of a fullscale invasion, 10 years of war with russia, and here they often spend parallels with the israeli war, more precisely. With israel, where the war has been going on for 70 years, and the last events there for 10 days, and how long they last, how relevant are these parallels in general for you, as a media person, a journalist who has devoted many years to the topic of in the east, you know, there are always wars very angry with each other, because of the fact that people use weapons, people kill each other, people destroy houses, always, in any war, there are always victims among the civilian population, there are refugees, there are orphans, there are people who are left behind without everything, without everything at all, but it is not clear that we have a completely different history, it is clear that we have the same history that, well, as mr. Yuriy said just now at the start, that this is an existential war, it is either us, them, or they us, in fact, if you look at the position of hamas there, then from. From the side for hamas, this is also an existential war, they must destroy israel, it is written in their will, which has the status of their main, fundamental document, but on the part of israel it is not like that, they always say that they are ready for negotiations, they say, they always say that they are ready to take some steps there for a meeting, for a meeting with the Palestinian Administration, well, if this is the administration that really intends to conduct these negotiations, these negotiations, and not use them to drag them out time and preparations for new attacks of some kind, again, you have been following the events in the middle east for more than a year, and this current attack by hamas on israel, did it come as a surprise to you as it did to the israeli authorities, to the society in israel , you know, i already said about it, i even wrote that somewhere around six or seven months ago, Israeli Military intelligence, it warned that hamas was preparing a new, large operation, which would not be similar to anything that it was earlier, in the report of the Israeli Intelligence it was indicated that this would happen an attack from several, on at once in several directions, which will first destroy these observation points on the wall and near the wall , which surrounds the gas sector, that there will be a breakthrough, through this wall, there will be a breakthrough on the side of israel, that there will be an attempt to capture several settlements and the attempt to take hostages in these settlements, that is, about all this , israels military intelligence warned six months or even more than six months before it actually happened, it actually happened, if you look for these reports, these documents Israeli Intelligence can see that this is exactly how they warned and happened, is happening now, but now there are actually 10 days of gas bombardment, a ground operation is underway and has repeatedly said, as far as i understand, that the ground operation, if it is underway, is it is very much there somehow, yes bombing, but the ground operation has always been discussed as what will be the next stage, today the spokesman of the tzahalo says. That there will be the next campaign of the war, but not the fact that it will be a ground operation , and here it is there has been a lot of talk about whether this could be external pressure from the United States itself, given that it is such a fairly heavy bombing, or whether it is purely internal , some kind of tactical calculation, how do you think it works in israel, well, listen, well in fact, every time there was an aggravation in the relationship between israel and hamas and the question of whether to enter the gas was decided. Whether to enter there with some tank formations or mechanized ones, each time it was a very difficult discussion because gaza is actually, this, a city that for years, or was even prepared for decades by hamas precisely to fight against the Israeli Military. There are a lot of tunnels in the gas, there are a lot of some kind of chrons in the gas. Which are used in previous years and will now be used 100 by hamas in order to, for example, carry out some evasive maneuvers for that. To enter the rear of israels troops in order to again try to steal someone from the israeli servicemen in order to then put pressure and pressure on israel, and there replenishing, this exchange so, the socalled fund at the expense of prisoners of war, that is, it is always, well, in any war, battles in the city, this is probably the most difficult part, the most difficult component of hostilities, and if we talk about gas, there is this complexity can be multiplied by 100, or maybe even by 1000, and the destruction of hamas guarantees further peace between palestine and israel, because yesterday i literally spoke the day before here on the air with a member of the knesset, and he admitted that there is some unified position among the israeli authorities, they dont know what to do next with palestine, and im not quite myself i can imagine how you can kill hamas, well, i imagine now that they will destroy there , they, i mean the Israeli Military, they will destroy the hamas bases in the gaza strip, they will destroy these underground and there cities in which, places in which they were stored rockets that were stored there, other weapons that may have been produced there, they will destroy several hundred or several thousand hamas soldiers there, but it will not be the destruction of hamas, because hamas, it has a very large support among, among ordinary residents , whether its the gas sector, whether its aah, the west bank, another palestinian territory, the west bank of jordan, and hamas has a branch, for example, in lebanon, hamas has a lot of supporters in neighboring egypt, there are people who support hamas in jordan, in other countries of the middle east, we even see that the top, the political top of hamas, they are not even in the gas sector , they are, for example, in qatar or in other countries, in the persian gulf, that is, how, how can they be destroyed, it must be some kind of global a war, a war there, some there expeditionary corps. In the israeli army, which will operate, including in the territories of countries with which israel now has peaceful relations, for example, with the same jordan or egypt, i do not imagine how it is possible to take and destroy hamas now, well, in general, well, this it is impossible, but you see, in the states too, they are articulating that hamas must be destroyed, while the palestinian state must be preserved, here is israel, to what extent it will take into account the opinion of the United States and balance between geopolitics. And internal moods, and i understand that all this is precisely well, this is the position not only of the United States, it is the position of israel itself, israel is also not against the existence of some Palestinian Administration with which it cooperates, there are sometimes conflicts between them, there are always some not very good relations there, but nevertheless they these relations exist, they recognize each other, and of course hamas, as from the beginning, from the first days of its existence, said that it exists only to destroy, destroy israel, it cannot somehow be a party to these negotiations, ago israel, it has always been determined to destroy hamas, and that is exactly what the United States says and says. If you say that in the end, that hamas, the leadership of hamas is sitting in different countries, and is conditionally staying, and it is difficult to imagine how hamas can be destroyed, what can then guarantee peace in the middle east, on whom and on what does it depend . You ask a question to which many people from all over the world have no answer, including politicians, scientists, and people from fintechs who have been trying to figure out how to make the middle east peaceful, they cant do anything, well, if they cant do anything, what can i do here, i also dont know how to make the wars end, so that there will be. In peace , so that people stop killing each other, so that everything ends somehow as soon as possible, unfortunately, i dont have an answer, listen, yuri, thank you very much for coming to our studio, i hope that during your next visits to the rear, to kyiv, we will be able to talk in the studio, thank you very much, thank you, all is well, thank you, take care, yuriy matsarskyi, a serviceman of the armed forces of ukraine and a journalist was a guest of our studio today, we are moving on. One of the most famous poles in the world, nobel laureate, consistent friend of ukraine, leader of the anticommunist solidarity movement, electrician. Who is the president of postsoviet poland. At the age of 80, oleg walesa remains a politician, an active public figure, lectures for business students in poland and abroad. In an interview with Radio Liberty, he talked about ukraine, poland, getting to know putin and nuclear weapons. Good afternoon, madam president , good afternoon, mr. President , i still see a blueyellow badge on you, there are very few ukrainian flags left on the streets of polish cities. Why is it war fatigue or the consequence of grain. A little bit, the reason, in particular, is the social condition, but i am convinced that we will endure and help ukraine to defend itself, today the attention of the whole world is directed towards israel, this is very useful for putin, because the war in ukraine has receded into the background, as you think, events in the middle east will continue to develop, and how this may affect russias war against ukraine. Of course, this diverts attention from ukraine, and it will slightly weaken interest in ukraine, but the world understands that it is Still Necessary to put things in order in russia, that russia was , is and will be a threat if this time we do not finish the matter, if this time we do not try to help russia change the political system, as it happened that having one. Sometimes it happens, they got busy with other things and did not suppose, having such power, it would seem impossible, for someone to attack them, arrogance, let down vigilance, how do you assess now the support of ukraine by the west, is it enough to win. Similar to the struggle of solidarity, i. E. Not so much forceful as political and propaganda, and not enough is being done in this direction, today the ukrainianrussian struggle is taking place in the old forceful style, russia, even if it wins today, will rise tomorrow and threaten the world again. Russia needs to be put in order once and for all, russia is a beautiful country, but it does not consist of a political one system and how to reach the russians with propaganda, if. Its very simple, of course, television and radio from all countries are involved, but even dropping propaganda leaflets from airplanes so that it reaches every russian that these are not enemies of russians, they are friends, talk about russia being able to live in a peaceful and good system. Propaganda should be simple, that listen , russians, tomorrow putin will draft you into the army, the day after tomorrow you will die, and today your neighbor died, check, its all because putin has such power. Which allows to take every russian at any moment of the day or night to the army, and he can always die there, and therefore it is necessary to reach everyone by such simple methods, show neighbors, friends, look, he has already died, the next one is you, all because you have a bad system, the head of russia, china and other countries should not have more than two fiveyear terms, if it were so, neither stalin, nor stalin, nor putin would have ever built such a gang. Is such a scenario possible that by refusing to help, the west may incline ukraine to negotiations with russia, the problem russia in the fact that in a few years it will rise up and do the same thing, we warned when gorbachev was in power, i warned the whole world, in particular the americans, i said, he is deceiving you, he is a very smart and clever politician, but a patriot russia, he does not work for you, but only for russia, he knew that he could not russia, and he did not change the political system, because he knew that if russia rises, russia will make the west dependent on gas, russia will get rich, then there will be someone like that in that system to stalin or to putin, and will try to restore it the soviet union, and this is actually happening , what i predicted, are you personally acquainted with putin, maybe you met somewhere, talked once, once at a funeral. What impression did he make on you . At that time, it seemed that he was a smart politician, of course a russian patriot, but it seemed that he was modern, that he understood the modern era, that the whole task is achieved not by wars, not by attacks, not by fear, but by political methods, so it seemed to me at the time, that is why i he supported him, understanding what a difficult task he had to manage such a large one country, but when i found out that he thinks differently in the old russian style. Then