A Ground Breaking advance, and the development of new drugs. Quantum computing is still in its infancy, but is set to one day revolutionize scientific research. The what looks like a computer chip made of plastic is in fact a model of a human long scientist at a swift start up. Our aiming to tackle diseases faster with the help of a super computer. Nina whole being founded, i was able to ex, together with you on extra their work one than the 2022 swift med tech award. The team here use a pet to transfer human long cells to a thin porous membrane. The cells can then be activated mechanically to mimic a, re alone the yes. So i will the tools to see were able to simulate the settle by recreating the environment of the human body and the plastic chip for a minute. Ill be able to take them cheap in. They want this little piece not this made enables us to simulate miniature organs that are far more similar to the real thing than any other options currently available. Also, im going to also 2 thoughts. The more similar than with in vitro testing or animal experiments. The researchers say the mock miniature long will make it easier to design new drugs made to come out and fix it, the sharpest escape. The Drug Development process takes around 10 to 15 years. To begin with, you test a huge number of molecules and petri dishes. Its all them, although theyre, the cells arent really liked, they are on the human body months. So there are no 3 d layers or forces of attraction, for example in. So its a very basic set up. Now that you can change you later, move on to animal experiments and conduct tests for saves and Toxic Properties all by the entire process as extremely involved. Especially when you think about the animal testing required. And this is where our Technology Comes in. The 9th. No, its hope the miniature long will enable researchers most notably at pharmaceutical companies to speed up the drug Testing Process for you. We have the entity in selves and then you have the bmc. So the news, so its really on top of your actually doing in printing. And so if i need to talk or you can determine far earlier whether a particular molecule is effective and whether there are side effects and it will. So humans enables you to optimize the process and ultimately lower costs. And so, so that by 500000000 funds for drug, according to studies or so maybe come on things that are already possible today could be done even faster and more efficiently with the technology. While also rendering animal experiments redundant, so you for you sort of feed much i can put on the companys aim is to help him the development of better medication and the reduction of side effects for patients in all literacy. We also want our technology to help reduce or eliminate animal testing home. So these are 2 animal experiments are simply not adequate predictors whether i drug actually works with humans today need for this august asked see if we can submit the come on to the most come to come to me was my doctoral supervisor who originally got me interested in quantum computing thats open, im thinking and im still there today on the small back when i started studying the physics at 0 Technical University. Nobody was talking about it. Id never heard of it. Dominics into is a researcher and lecturer at the university of basil, specializing in quantum. They are the smallest units of energy known to scientists, but with properties that would make conventional bit based. Computers looked distinctly primitive and im all that and i submitted a regular computer with regular Computing Power performs one calculation for time units or clock cycle in quantum physically. So if you have countless calculations being performed in paramount, really explains that the last week it was sort of the highest but all the be spanish. The prime example is the factor is ation as a very large number of states in this case of to the quantum computer quickly arrives at the results by simultaneously trying to divide by all possible numbers called a classical computer processing. A number with several 1000 digits would take as long as the universe is old now and also long ago we so in the bathroom, all these at the same problem can be solved by a quantum computer and a matter of hours or even seconds. So what actually are quantum, exploring this mysterious living world requires us to think in the smallest possible dimensions, smaller still than adams. At this tiniest imaginable scale, the classical laws of nature no longer apply, and something fascinating happens. Quanta can exist in different states and in different places. At the same time, the quantum theory was pioneered in the 1920s by the likes of Albert Einstein and evan shutting up. They used thought experiments to illustrate these apparent paradoxes that stretch the limits of our imagination. The evans, who didnt know was an austrian physicist, primarily known today because of a cat. More specifically, an experiment that he, fortunately never carried out in practice. He imagined a cat in a box together with a device that would have a 5050. 00 chance of releasing a deadly poison in the next hour. According to quantum theory, the cat is then simultaneously both dead and alive. The only provided we dont check inside the box in a Quantum Mechanics system. Mere observation influence is the actual state inside. We cannot make an assessment without looking, including whether the cat is dead or alive. What sounds absurd was a demonstration of the conundrum at the heart of Quantum Mechanics. Simultaneously different states at the quantum level are not compatible with accepted laws of nature. And this little world particles can be linked or entangled with each other, while at the same time being in different states and places. And that simultaneity can be calculated. In the southern southern source, its a state that can be called mathematical superposition for simultaneity. When i did, thats the data to the represented as wave function side comprises a coefficient for an upward spin plus another coefficient for a downward spin that of course. And this is im alternating stickly 50. And thats how you can imagine a q bits of an arrow pointing in a random direction. Youd be getting sticking room upside gonna come and fix the soul for quantum or q bets are the Building Blocks of a quantum computer. The while a normal computer process has information and bits, as ones or zeros cubits have both values. At the same time, its comparable to a flipped, coined where you dont know whether it will land heads or tails. The before these cubits can be controlled and used for calculations. They have to be mobilized. That in turn requires a complex procedure in which they are cooled down to temperatures, otherwise seen in outer space around a minus 270. 00 degrees celsius for the surface area helps to again exchange the heat. So the, to the cold liquids which are pumping out this is pulling this re convincing voice in the system that we can actually then do the experiments at temperatures down to 10 milligrams. So completely compared to, you know, for calvin. This is Something Like 400 times in temperature, ph. D. Students here at the university of basil, are assembling a small quantum computer with a small number of cubits. The aim is to deploy the technology for a variety of applications once its been fully developed. Quantum computers within simulate molecules, for example, leading to the development of new drugs and the elimination of deadly diseases. Another potential application is Renewable Energy storage. The the technology has already brought benefits to logistics operations. The introduction of quantum algorithms has helped to increase the speed and capacity of Cargo Movement at the port of los angeles. As a result, the facility now operates more efficiently and with less energy. Quantum computing seems to have a highly lucrative business potential for years now. A range of Tech Companies including google and ibm and a nation state players like china have been in a rigs to build the 1st High Performance quantum computer. The money invested in research is in the billions a switzerland has a different approach. Top town basil infinity uses private sector funding to provide companies with free access to American Quantum computers. The hub is called quantum basil and is headed by the mere bogdan proclaimed the list of all the industry. The problems facing industry is are getting increasingly complex. All is not due to the use of Artificial Intelligence as a factor. Of course they nothing. But when you eventually reach certain limits and a i reaches its limits, i, then you have to think a couple of steps ahead and how many things change the thing to be cancelled on the good Artificial Intelligence applications could been far more efficiently on Quantum Computers to to go and when i say efficiency, yeah, i mean not only computing speed i but also Energy Efficiency if its yet the hump works with a hybrid system. Combining conventional and Quantum Computers start ups in the program can turn to ibm credit like flow to for advice on tackling their problems. And on thinking outside of the box task one was meant, the 1st thing is to break down the individual issues and look at which specific quantum algorithm is it all relevant, a demand and as quantum is a completely different kind of calculating. It enables you to give the problem is that simply read, think people play and perhaps find a new approach. Lets extend this involves what we call the quantum state of mind with a quantum state of mind. And the sum 40 studies have already been conducted on the basis of the quantum computer with the purpose of simplifying and accelerating the development of medication. Vixen emitted tenants. And it says in both medicine and health care because were seeing a significant increase in the Data Available or hi. Oh, it does. It also in the range of data or thought is that some of the payments, data bits, data for fitness tractors, fitness data and medical records, and so on, concoct onto the tons of fault when i asked processing the complex correlation between all of those data data requires the kind of Computing Power, the Classical Computers struggle to achieve that plus your ass law. And that is where Quantum Computers have real potential score supporting. So an example from the pharmaceutical industry to data researchers have covered just one percent of all potentially active molecules for drugs to speak or to college. And basically its reflected in cancer treatment, for example, have to only one and 3 patients respond directly to drug based therapy style p t. I. So far its um, we also have really wont be able to resolve all of these challenges with quantum computing printer. But were confident of being able to help with some of that. And its not from this, you know, as a coughing further south and burn the team at how the lakes are hoping to resolve. One of those problems in the very near future Quantum Computers can be used to evaluate huge amounts of data, providing Detailed Insights into a patients genetic makeup, or the small scale replica of alone or another. Oregon is designed to deliver more effective treatments for Cancer Patients. We dont know yet, which of the different types might be effective . Its coming to through the thinking you could look at the genome and wonder what the best one for the patient is and maybe make a customized comp trial. The patient might then stop, send them, you know, syrupy, and when they have a break, thats when we can take your tissue sample altima. It data to cut my own baby for the bucks here, placing the sample onto our old and on chip. We would then try out a new car sale. You said that would have a visual effects when the patient goes to the next treatment. Has whats especially crucial for Cancer Patients is minimized, saw to fix. Instead of additional suffering, you want them to be safe and getting the most effective medication available. And thats where we can help. If its steve took me to come and pick them up for me that i talk with. At the same time, elvia likes wants to help eliminate animal testing from pre clinical studies. The decades animal experiments have been standard procedure in the development of new drugs. With rodents, the most widely used species in switzerland alone, labs performed tests on over half a 1000000 animals a year. The funds they asked us to lose our medias. To objective is to reduce animal experiments. They asked me to come either a large number of drugs that are on the effective with the human genome and human cells making animal test 0 advantage. Got conflict that had somebody to come in. So i would say 2 drugs dont even reach democracy because they dont prematurely, in the pre clinical study. Phase one bus. Our aim is not removing all of them from the markers, but as long as shooting the most severe tests where the animals are under stream pain and us fitness experiments with so there are 2 levels of 3 and 4. Do you have an optional com announcement with very often mistake about helping to make this happen . Ill soon check with the huffman what does middle say about because the but in europe, their efforts face of fertile, the European Medicines Agency refuses to grant approval for drugs without animal testing beforehand. In the united states, however, a bill passed in 2020 to remove the requirement for animal tests prior to market approval. And a proposed update on that legislation would also allow tests using computer models or artificial organs. There is already Large Scale Research in the us on this front as seen at the Cleveland Clinic in the state of ohio. The latest breakthrough, there is an in house quantum computer, the its the 1st quantum computer in the world to be uniquely dedicated to health care research. And its work will be much appreciated. Given the clinics, 10000000. 00 patient visits per year. John r smith is a Senior Research writ ibm and highlights the dividends from the vast amounts of medical data. This has the potential to drive our pace of progress to addressing the important disease challenges that were facing and challenges and paid patient care so much faster. And to produce breakthroughs and discoveries that will be absolutely essential for all of us. In march 2023, the clinic officially unavailable to its treasured quantum computer it c o. Welcome to guests from cleveland and further afield. A thank you very much. Were bringing something new to organization and something new to the world. The quantum computer system, one, it sounds a little bit sense fiction that is right behind me is the most advanced Computational Technology and computational platform that exists. Were very excited because it is going to allows us to advance Research Advanced discovery, advanced medical care. But we also very excited because it will create a lot of jobs among the guests invited to the event, was the mere bogdan from quantum basil and uptown basil, which is no coincidence. The us as the leading market and the development of Quantum Computers and uptown is a partner of ibm for the moment each and most of all, the sure things think and australian think tank published the studies, citing 44 technologies that will change the world to them. That once within a few different china is already leading and 37 of them nights in c, not theater, just behind on the im for the and one of the remaining 7 where the us as a, had it says the field of quantum computing or the old style speech clumped to compute the bad news for the new to with a failed partnership agreement, making cooperation more difficult. The in china for the st. So was it for the, the decision by switzerland or, or the you that switzerland can not be involved in the horizon program. And all that means we have to find someone else to work with me to bring somebody all this whole time is it doesnt mean of tongue. Basil is no longer interested in your opinion partnerships of control, but we are in the us a lot because of all thats happening there last spring optim balls with a movie that we do is so. Another attraction for the company, executive is the Silicon Valley mentality. A world away from the conservative risk averse approach in switzerland, long all of the things move these are gonna hit cheat c or v. That said, mean switzerland does have a lot of strong points of the pretty. Im 30, we have really research in this area in bottles and at the p. S o n direct Technical University. Always managed release. Definitely fade what were missing sometimes as a proper climate for startups to grow in this the startups and thats a lot better in the us should be switching a through to see the west of the Quantum Computers. Evolution to date promise is incredible opportunities in the future. But scientists and universities are more cautious about developments. Quoted put them to always to the so theres a risk of it for helps taking longer and of certain problems coming up at all to provide a building a quantum computer that can immediately solve gigantic problems. Wont be easy for blame holders. It doesnt mean that they will have to be one step at a time. So when would be that todays computers took many, many years, have to develop outcomes. In Quantum Computers will likely be the same fitness and need 10 years or more to complete. Right now were still researching the basics of the who, its in middle of the 46 for the chrome, little bit more cubits means more Computing Power. The ibm Quantum Computers in commercial use today have 433 of them. Although currently fewer research is still focused on the physics of the individual cubits. Also get to use a cube. Its the same, some cubits are relatively easy to make some viable. There are already computers with 100 or 1000 of them, limits substances and plans for reaching 10000 or 100000. Thats what then its a problem is that the quality isnt good enough yet, but it will be for the relatively High Frequency of mistakes and calculations. So, but notice theres no point having as many cubits as possible. Now if theyre not good enough with fluid also, then well just call it the name of the major improvement because its of including work on individual dog or a smaller number of companies, cubits cubits several vote. And in this class that thats what the race is totally opens up. Some of the rigs Technical University is another center of cubic Research Professor of theoretical physics. Renato renters says that the development of the quantum computer has still barely begun to see them basically for Quantum Computers or at a similar stage to early transistors of to see most of these are still very big, could be a home to, to the 100. 00 cubits might together take off the space of a mass of experiments, the table with all the lab electronics and the dish. And its not yet clear how we can scale it down to at some point impact millions of cupids, you know, into a small space. So you wouldnt have a feasible working set up for this and it will talk to me in a 2nd follow up, but either of us may tie system. That doesnt mean we cant do it though that comparatively speaking, were still in the vacuum to computer error, but have both happen with the thing called back then there was nobody talking about the internet or social media social media. Okay. Dont see that we cannot yet appreciate the potential speed nor the dangers either, of course, doesnt say no nico, from the doctor or on doc forward enough to lift need. Renato renter is familiar with the dangers of quantum computing. He gives lectures and cryptography data encryption hard to get into bad clumped computers and Quantum Computers really do pose a threat to todays Data Security. And the cooling dish does more than we do e banking or using crypted communication in other context. So we need whats called and public key cryptography. So get on public key and that system will become completely and secure once we have Quantum Computers up and running. Its or was it that with whoever has the quantum computer will have full and immediate access to all of that data. And thats a very concrete problem. Status calculates probably so far. A simple mathematical method has been sufficient to protect our data factor eyes ation. And i hope to see that some calculations are straightforward. You must say 3 times 7 equals 2186. So you can see what if i turn it around and ask, right . So what are 2 numbers that give us that product . Then i basically have to try out all possible combinations. But if its all the nicholas and with the numbers having up to a 100 digits and ill be added forever, give us an a because not even a computer that can process far faster will be able to test all 100 digit numbers, which daily can solve it. Due to a quantum computer, on the other hand, can try out the numbers in parallel and arrive at the result in a fraction of a 2nd. The implications have experts concerned as it seemed that the mc were relatively late to the game in the boot, because we know the secrecy of the data being encrypted has a very limited live, spat, and see if we should on the left, his teeth and the things that i encrypt today using public key cryptography will be readable to good ones, the quantum computer existence, the pump for the comp, the compute to exist. If the exclusive after the data can then only be encrypted by again using the quantum computer in effect by beating the enemy at its own game. And this is how the center of the data generates cube it to the value of the 0 or one. And then sends a completely random sequence of those cubits to the recipient. It serves as a key that only those 2 parties, no. Of course someone could try to spy on the transfer. But this is where Quantum Mechanics enters the equation, the an attempt to enter or steps the cubits will now change them with both center and recipient alerted immediately. So the key cannot be secretly copied or red. The actual encrypted message is not transferred until the key has 1st arrived on red. The problem is in technical terms, the idea is currently not really feasible. The decisive oldest age, meaning it sounds extremely difficult if not near impossible, but we know that it really does work, but it is expensive. I mean, its main to boot cliff. The solution that is absolutely secure is going to cost a lot of money to good. Id see, see if its all them up as im looking at a long term horizons on not 10, but more like 40 or 50 years. And then it could be a solution. Same holding something doesnt really succeed. And Data Security is not the only factor to consider in the long term. Quantum computing still has a lot of obstacles to overcome, meaning that investors will have to be patient affiliates. So thing that everyone is talking about quantum computing could be, but we cant expect to have this killer application in just a few years from now to about your yeah, its going to take a lot of development stages via an investment to get to the point where the application is actually available for you to investment, but most the time at home and above all time, do you have all the that in turn depends on Investment Home if you have an investment as far higher than we could have imagined years ago. So that is reason to be optimistic them have some middle gimme, see a good startups on there are starting up just and companies following the hype and eager to invest. And this future concept was good for them. High for testing positive results, graduate studying physics and quantum computing have a range of jobs to choose from. The various start of your sort of big tech firms, pursuing quantum computing projects are top so the, the big tech to all the a quantum computing. Pretty ext. Uh, theres a huge number of options in the middle east type the problem statement saying that the discount it for statement via dusty for that. We cant imagine the changes involved it because there Quantum Leaps on the same goals but, and thats why we need moving shots, is going on to move shots, projects where you and even a direction where you cant move side of the vision to the fuel level. Probably have to make a few adjustments along the way back look automotive, especially if new system. And thats not possible unless we find a new way of thinking, the home and me to 1000000 thank some of them the install because were not spoken about eco, india. Celebrating women who make a difference. Why are we insured in the, you know, financial is to come by Climate Change or environment and issues. We are ignoring the for sure or the Underlying Forces all the spacing. And thats what i need to do. You want eco, india, to get off a special notice on the w, the, the of the, the, this is the deputy news line from the, the, the us announce is a new emergency weapons package for you credit residential. I bought it on file, the 300000000. 00 emergencies military. I funds while making european allies and some white house. It comes to me, it concerns the russia, the beginning, the office, and in the world. So coming up fighters from right across the world have gone to fight for you, trying to units for with russia this out to columbia. And so just tell us why they wait to the front. So i had protests on the street of hygiene, capital, opposing external input