That today should have been born 3 weeks from today. The and but his mother a shot a new job done, gave birth to him over 2 months ago. Had told her his brain didnt have sufficient time to mature. He missed out on vidal weeks in the womb. Thats the reason many premature babies end up with developmental disorders. Some of them cause lifelong issues. Pediatrician and research are paid to hook b is trying to do something about it with music on size, the middle of the day of holding. We came up with the idea because premature babies have a daily rhythm thats determined by machines. Meaningful and the name indeed can that be spring . We thought we had to give them something that they could hold onto based it the facial, hey, thats something that comes regularly to try something with a personal connection to them. So we, thats when we had the idea that we could do that with music. Ill make lucy masa actually metric guess i have to plot some time for a to raise wake up music. He has a different piece to fall asleep too, as well as one for his waking hours. In the study, the team led by the research are looked at what happens in the brain when premature babies and neo natal logy wards associated music with events like waking up or falling asleep. Then its d all worked well. Well. Well, mostly babies who live listen to music regularly, show a clear maturation of these blue and orange networks. Believe these are the networks that are otherwise less or under developed in premature babies that in sea cliff team. So some neural connections and the brains of these premies grew more sophisticated due to the music and the daily structure they associated with it. And the music was created by on to this folder. And by the while composing as much as possible, he tried to put himself in the shoes of a premature in front of the stairs to tc tc. That seemed to the 1st goal was to relax the children boat and was to dissolve the blockade. They had built up through this process of being told into the world and on cologne for suicide, trying to develop a sound from overtime, from human voices 27. By extract it the sounds that were the most a theory all should be on is that go on for a long time. Disco, david, only sound that develops constant like who that like a cloud is est, im digging into the cliff. Is the mean of a loser . These close ceiling in the month, it is full of i just seen the mist in discussions with unclear, spelled, invite, always took a very long time because we spoke different languages. I kept trying to bring everything down to a scientific evaluation thing a on dad had phone that. He didnt think that what happens in the brain was all that important. Jimmy got tubs of his. She thought that the main thing was that the babies ended up feeling better, the space sitting on the hot, but i told him that i actually wanted to know what happens voss and how it affects wellbeing. Yes, the small to lemme and then you just dont go on that day and then it became about stimulating the children after relaxation, scared, in other words, to give themselves that wake them up. When you do that, aroused their curiosity to wonder, what is that . Where does it come from . Something like a bell ringing. For example. Lets see, she would do better and then came to surprise on as well. And is this instrumental, good, serious, got you now let me play at a level. Well, what do you say is when i was in geneva for the 1st time youre mine, this was the instrument they reacted to most actually on the be its a snake charmer, is fluid from india. Its hard to play. And so you have to practice long and hard to make nice sounds, but ill give it a shot. For the babies, relaxing music and science. The study became something about global sensation, a photographer from national geographic, showed up in geneva. The results fascinated everyone. Dont see it. So for me being able to prove this scientifically with this project was a fantastic experience. Pretty big. Is it these from thoughts digikey for me . Now to the is one of the children who were exposed regularly to until a us phone invite as music. Whether the experience also strengthens Neural Networks and infants at the Later Development stages is currently under investigation. The parents of the children are thankful for the musical experiment. Lisa, i told him, was that the info i sold it yet, but there was a way for me to give her an activity. When you have your baby at home, you can play with all their limits to what you can do at the neo natal logy station. But i had the feeling that nancy la got something from the music and thats through it. I was doing my job as a mother. So some of us you, hey, is ive been, ill put you on the phantom club. I the memo, its due to the long conversations between the scientist and the musician paid off in the end. Lets see what happens in our brains when we listen to music. Thats the kind of question dean explored in the field of neuroscience. Another is how to develop human machine interfaces and devices that can be controlled by thought. In that area, a researcher at one of europes Largest University hospitals is trying to break new ground. He collects fountain pens from all over the world in a small way. The hobby acts as a kind of analog counter way to his research, which is a lot less tangible. So you still cannot spend most of his time studying the around 86000000000 neurons that make up an incredibly complex organ the human brain. And hes been doing so since his University Days back in the 1990s decided economy scale. And that was the decade of the brain, and there was a lot of hype about all the imaging techniques at the time and what could be explored. I found it incredibly fascinating that we could practically watch the brain thing. And im going to put them couldnt today the research or does just that with technology thats grown, much more advanced at the chevy tay University Hospital and Research Clinic and berlin, who develops high tech for the brain for people with paralysis, for example, like you to show its using electrodes. The doctor 1st establishes a connection between the patients brain and the computer. The electro and stuff le, graphic illustrates how active the different connected areas of the patients brain are today. Its important data for developing machine supported therapies. So your circuit causes the process calibration justin page that has also benefited from his research, which has led to a better understanding of processes in the brain. And thats helped her get her life back on track. Shes suffered from depression for almost 30 years, mostly just flushed in. Um you have to imagine that you feel home inside nowadays might have you have no strength at all. When you can concentrate on some, as soon as you, its not like you always have a jumble. Looks on then. Its more like theres nothing. Wow. Wow. And every little task feels almost insurmountable. Just getting dress store, cleaning yourself up sometimes takes the whole day just to show much montage. This can come for years. Houston parish that took antidepressants that cause severe side effects. She tried many different treatments and repeatedly suffered severe relapses. Then she heard about a technique through a circuit or has explored its called repetitive trans cranial magnetic stimulation. This, in the symmetric group, i mean, we know for example that and people with depression, people who have depressive symptoms. The left frontal brain is not activated as strongly as it is under normal circumstances. And with this method, we can specifically module 8 the activity in the left frontal brain. It kind of re orients this area, creating a situation where new connections can also occur, or changes in brain dynamics, in long to whom do not make code developed by the research or the therapy was approved in 2018 treatment is painless and has just one side effect a noticeable improvement in the patients state of mind. The device is used in the method are constantly being refined and the institutes phone workshop. The aim is to tailor them even better to specific new ronel dysfunction, an individual patients in the future. So good are wants to use magnetic stimulation to plum even deeper limbic regions beyond the frontal brain. But takito showed, so the special ed, so skeleton for his hand was produced as part of his treatment, a godsend for the patient. After brain tumors, surgery, he was no longer able to move his left arm on my back, then nothing happened. Id wait for it, but not even a twitch will fight this. Its a a just 30 or 40 years ago. The Expert Consensus was that dead nerve cells were irretrievably lost. We now know that other neurons can take over their functions. The brain is incredibly flexible. So it says its surprising how many everyday tasks require to hands and how much not being able to use a lamb can restrict autonomy. But with a little more than the power of his thoughts, the electrodes attached to his body and a machine that converts those thoughts into commands for the exoskeleton shorts. It has now regained some of his motor skills. And those do that explicitly. And then with this exoskeleton, i suddenly thought i want to close that ended close to a few weeks. So i was flooded with happiness hormones and thought, hey, theres still time i can get my life back on with that. So it would come and see it couldnt, and we can develop as Much Technology as we want. Yeah. But ultimately it has to help individuals and their everyday lives. So you know, so good our works towards that goal every day. Probing the depths and possibilities of the human brain with minds about fines. Technology thats like dw signs is now on take talk. What do be funny . Why do gravitational ways that that is when the people begin getting high and laughing gas out . The drums boogie to the beads and whats the perfect kid football find . Find the on says, gets most c w science. Oh, new tick tock channel. To calculate results are also being achieved in Cancer Research with one method called car to so therapy. The patients own immune cells are genetically modified to recognize and destroy their cancer. Some Success Stories on, on college, just hoping for a revolution. Hands down or it is a living example of how powerful a new form of Cancer Therapy with so called car t cells can be 2 years ago he was diagnosed with a malignant lymphoma. The conventional treatments for it had little to no effect on the device on then its pretty much certain when you have half a year to a year and thats it. Yeah, this was hard as a last resort, the medical team, its kind of about University Hospital suggested car t cell therapy, a method thats only been available for a few years. The idea behind it is to get the t cells to recognize pathogens and cancer cells. The defensive cells have binding sites called adage and receptors, which allow them to recognise and dot com to harmful cells. These can then be destroyed by the immune system. And car t cell therapy patients t cells are genetically modified in the laboratory that causes a new receptor to form on its surface. These car t cells are then multiplied. Theyre super power, a new receptor which allows them to recognize the cells. So these also play a role in the immune system. The cells can develop into malignant cancer cells. The car t cells have been specialized or recognized them and render them harmless. Cartridge self era. These are being researched at Germanys National center for tumor diseases in height about even the experts have been impressed by the success rates the idol twice and often gets the most impressive data has been in the treatment of childhood leukemia, square car t cell approaches can actually cure 80 percent of children who would otherwise have no other Treatment Options at all. Positions. Higher income success rates and adults are somewhat lower. But even in them with some tumor types around half of all patients have had long lasting effect. Still, the treatment can be tough to take. The infusion with altered cells can cause a serious immune reaction. Hands bound that was hospitalized for 3 weeks after getting at. The new therapy may also have side effects that arent yet know, so its currently only given to patients who have no other option. Still, the approach appears quite promising. The contents and im glad i think car 2000 i showed in a new era and on college. And when you talk about self therapies with genetically manipulated cells, it always sounds a little negative. But in this case, i find it extremely positive. Say home, good such terrorist, these have been shown to be brutally effective at extremely specific savings fits the 1st time come. What special is the treatment happens with living cells which remain permanently effective in the blood . However, in germany, car t cell therapy is currently only available for specific types of blood cancer or tumors of the lymph nodes and bone marrow. Specifically moment 9, and at the moment it only impacts a small area of oncology. It is a narrow spectrum of diseases that can be treated quite effectively. But in the majority of cancers, the future of car t cell therapies are still are relatively open questions and that allows people from the end. The therapy is also highly individualized, which means its expensive. It costs up to 380000. 00 euro is per infusion. Test clean, how tradition off the good. That sounds like a lot of money, of course, and it is a lot of money. On the other hand, if a therapies with a certain probability monte can lead to permanent Disease Control after a single dose, and then such sums are justifiable, this is also always assumed that they could even turn out to be possibly cheaper than conventional long term drug sarah so you might be to maybe come into as a talk for hundreds found out the treatment appears to be paid off 6 months after receiving his car to sell therapy infusion, theres still no signs of recurrence. Hes helpful that is malignant lymphoma wont come back. A let is read. Why are they . If you have a special science question, send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. If we answer it on the show, well send you a little present as well. Thank you. Come on, just as and this week for your question comes from who l. E . A in egypt. Why does our hair turn great . Actually gray hairs are not really grey at all. Theyre white, but layered with surrounding hair of different colors of white hairs can make the hair as a whole appear great. The pigment, melanin is responsible for hair color in humans. Thats also the pigment that determines eye and skin color, the melanin in the hair forms in its roots, in particular cells, the melana sides. They produce 2 different chemical types, the pigment, black, brown, you, melanin, and c o melanin, which is reddish yellow. The amounts and mixture of these 2 compounds determines your hair color. The older you get though, the less melanin semerano sites produce. Instead colorless bubbles of oxygen to accumulate in the hair, making it look white. Exactly when the 1st white heres appear varies from person to person. Most people start to find that between the ages of 30 and 50, but it comes down to your genes. If parents go grey, when still young, the trait can be passed on to their children. But your hair cant turn gray over night. As some legends claim, the french Queen Marie Antoinette is said to have gone great the night before she was be headed in 1793. 00. But green is by its nature, a gradual process. Once i hear good goes past the scale, it no longer changes color. And since even white hair only grows between 1. 00 and 1. 00 and a half centimeters a month, theres at least a little time to get used to the new lot. In denmark, many smaller clinic, 6, it was their doors in the last few years. As the countries Health Care Services are being gathered into 16 giant facilities, the idea to centralize expertise and activities to improve quality and efficiency. Lets take a look behind the scenes at a danish super hospital around 150 kilometers from copenhagen. Com who is University Hospital is a huge complex that houses more than 40 medical departments and employees nearly 5 and a half 1000 doctors in nursing staff over a 1000000 patients are treated here annually. Its a hospital of support, that is the morning meeting and the nerve Surgery Department begins at 8 oclock at physician go on fund hunting, and is given an overview by the award nurse how many beds are occupied, what operations are scheduled . Were there any medical emergencies during the night to to then look over the digital patient files, which nurses looking after which patient the digital system makes the doctors work easier. The music. We work a lot with the electronic patient journal systems, and that makes it very easy to plan your own day plan. It also makes it simple to perform tasks like those that can be done remotely remote lose. Now that the doctor has been well briefed rounds on the board can begin or stop is a patient named pierre. The neurosurgeon operated on the 54 year old yesterday to remove a tumor, a difficult procedure together to, to look at the medical findings and discuss how the surgery went. The brain scans indicate that all is well after the doctor was able to successfully remove the tumor. The patient is scheduled to leave the clinic today, less than 24 hours after the tricky operation. Short hospital stays are part of the concept, and this is chanel and im, im guessing what it is it fast to have brain surgery and be sent home the next day . Yes, maybe you should, but its safe because the patient is very well prepared. Just the entire staff is kept up to date on the patients condition via a central platform called the blackboard. It contains all patient information. For example, the exact doses of medication for each case are registered here and can be viewed by everyone involved in treatment. But occupancy and Staffing Levels are also listed to a certainty of and in the information we exchange at the meeting involves capacity on the one hand, but its also clinical data. So you should invest. In other words, just is there a certain patient info thats important for the operation in for me, we also use it to assign surgical nurses to operating room and ill be over to, im kind of stressed out in an item little piece. This is the heart of the clinic and internal tracking and tracing system. More than 3000. 00 transponders are installed in the corridors and patient rooms. The box track, the exact location of beds and medical devices. 45000 transmitters are attached to every important piece of hospital equipment. The tracking tool is a huge help for nurses like ashley. Right now, she wants to know where to find the next available, ultra sound machine. But the system can also help her quickly track down a free bed for an urgently needed head doctor. There are mobile very sions on handheld devices for staff who are on the move. The system is unique in a hospital setting. Its a 4500000. 00 euro investments that is paid off, helping the clinic save money on stuff without making concessions in care. The ultrasound device, nurse ashley is looking for is located a floor below, or one of the masterminds behind the new danish super hospitals. As judge muller pitt, as on a professor of Health Economics at the university of Southern Denmark and odenza, his goal was to achieve shorter treatment times while improving the quality of medical treatment in general. If we look at the situation before and after, i think its fair to say that after we get better services, higher quality, better educated, the doctors, etc. So essentially from a patient perspective, it is a considerable improvement. The only improvement that theres not included in that is that the distance to the hospital has increased later that morning, head physician, go on front hunting and has surgery scheduled, and hes surrounded by the best doctors in the country. Because people with the most medically demanding Health Care Issues are now treated at the super clinics from brain surgery to heart transplants. Specialists from a wide range of fields come together. And of course, theres a team of experts involved in every case that has big benefits for doctors and training, but above all, for danish patients. Got wrap things up this time around for tomorrow today to science show on dw, thanks for joining us. And see you again next week the, [000 00 00;00] the, the, the ice coat be at the end of the plastic, underneath an expedition ventures on 2 places that no one has to explore. Why is the ice melting more rapidly . In the ice fields . Unknown . Patagonia, the coming of dw, standing in the shadows, waiting until the destroying the parasites can be maddening. When do they become dangerous . And how do you protect yourself . In good shape is 30 minutes. D, w, the one of main kinds, oldest ambitions or to be within reason what is it really is possible to reverse the researchers and scientists all over the world for a no race against time. They are peers and rivals with one daring goals to help smart nature. The more likes watching it on youtube dw documentary, the race has long begun. Later when we look back, we recognized at all, thats the moment when everything change. H o adopted dominance. In the age of artificial intelligence, in 5 years is going to literally be the sign of the us. Oh, youre a Tech Companies who will control the technology that will shape the future of humanity. We dont want the future with such a fundamental technology because in the hands of a single company, we may only find out, you know what this farms and and malign uses as a weapon against democracy or when it is too late. March, you will see a high res stats, march 16th on dw, the. This is the to the news, and these are our top stories. Germanys Defense Ministry has confirmed the confidential conversation between the air force generals was wire taps. The german generals are heard discussing Ukrainian Forces using german me a taurus christmas aisles to attack the courage bridge linking crimea to russia. The audio recording was published by russian media. German chancellor will laugh shots as promising swift clarification of the eaves dropping us as joined an International Operation to air dropped desperately needed supplies