Welcome to tomorrow. Today d w science program, lithium is commonly used in batteries that Power Electric vehicles. The largest metal on us is a bunch of the phones, but only in small concentrations and mining lithium is complex, expensive tom full to the environment. And even when does it seem is contains, within the batteries, its still dangerous. Explosions and fires caused by lithium ion batteries, after shorting damage or overheating time. And again, we see how dangerous thing can be thats why the world is searching for originally for new battery technology. At the helm holds institute in the german city. A form researchers are trying to find a replacement for lithium as an Energy Source and quickly decides things this side of vital. Yeah, we dont have model. Ill tell you because its expect that the demand for batteries is going to grow very, very strongly. And we are expecting a 4600 percent increased by 2013. Does it . Nope. Thats who comes with this. The toys that means we have to give back to the technology, a white material base we all, since we have to bring abundant sheet and easily recyclable materials into play. With the side, the bottom of the, of the, all the millions feet of things. The rise in demand for Battery Storage is huge, with wind and solar power expansion, one of the main drivers. Then there is the electro mobility sector. By 2045, theyre expected to be 30000000 electric vehicles in germany alone. That will need lithium for their batteries. Misfire mazda 400, lifting, maybe a bundle. But it can be mind quickly enough to meet demand completely. That means we have to turn to materials that are widely available, but still do a very good job. And the ones that go to the inner structure of lithium ion battery contains 3 problem matic materials. A positive terminal of cobalt, a negative terminal of graphite, and the lithium itself, which moves back and forth between the poles to load and discharge the battery. Cobalt is points and its and is now off and replaced by lift the iron phosphate to create whats known in the industry as an l. F. P. Battery chinese firm b, y, d e has developed a new battery design because l S P Technology still requires a lot of space and the battery cells i understand that these are, you know, have large units in place of these small by 30 cell, okay, which are a bit bigger than a chocolate bar, and they simply need less packaging on the site. And as a result, you could accommodate much more storage materials and the actual overall back to the design using lithium high end chemistry in this space, saving battery design gives an amazing 1000 kilometers of range. The new l. F. P. Chemistry offers a much reduced range, but the batteries have other advantages. They dont require cobalt and are also 30 percent cheaper, as well as being much safer. In the case of lithium ion batteries, the mail puncture test shows why these batteries are so dangerous. The resulting short circuit causes an explosion at a fire that isnt easily put out. All of the batteries are completely different. Here, the nail test causes only an increase in temperature. Also now of the battery smell in the future, be able to be recharged 3. 00 to 5000. 00 times a charging stations. Thats 10 times as much as current rechargeable batteries. But the range for the full battery is only 60 percent done. Of a lithium ion battery. In charging and cold weather also causes problems the but the biggest helps yet in Battery Development are for sodium ion technology. It replaces the batteries, lithium ions with sodium ions. This change in battery chemistry, also allows cobalt and graphite terminals to be replaced with more sustainable materials. But sodium ion batteries are quite a bit heavier. Yep. Not everything needs to be as light as a cell phone battery, for example, in huge Wind Energy Storage facilities, such as these in australia, weight is not an issue. The sodium is produced from ford and every table salt, which is readily available in large quantities. Sodium am batteries have a shorter range on a single charge, but they charge faster and are almost full again after just 15 minutes. Another advantage, unlike almost all other batteries, they still deliver at 90 percent of their power in freezing temperatures. And even in the classic internal combustion engine, the starter batteries can be replaced by sodium batteries and within their toxic chemistry. After all, the Global Market for starter batteries is as large as that for lithium ion battery. Then this is default timidly. The question is, how quickly are all the Raw Materials on the market . Now, this is how quickly will they be available and can they be installed or to see what production capacities are being prepared at the moment. Thats where everyone is actually very well positioned on the next 30 years. But whether sodium or lithium, without natural resources, we wouldnt have any new batteries at all. Heavy industries depend on the natural source from real materials. If the supply is caught, production lines everywhere, right . To help you by deficiency or scarcity of room materials, determines the market price. Do many impulse missiles from all over the world. This has geologists on the hunt for new sources. Headquarters in berlin, the german minerals resort agency data for short trades rule materials source all over the world to companies on behalf of the German Government doesnt provide heidi this could somebody else or, or that contains cobalt from the democratic republic of congo. X. If its the helper is used for electricity from inability to renewable, Energy Technology for Power Transmission and cobalt. I need for batteries and then both of the involvement dom and dial. But as he is concerned about germanys role materials supplies isnt and womens completion, its currently facing a lot of challenges for care all over the world. Supply chains have been disrupted, or even broken under the code of ukraine. Russia situation, of course, funds there a develops new concepts to keep politicians and Industry Leaders up to speed on risk so that impact supply. Market price is a focus on so called mega trends. Like the move to electron mobility make a trans mega trends, a 1st and foremost, global phenomena on kind of among listings west are guessing on technology such as the lithium ion battery failure ability dialect, tullocks, as for hydrogen, production, unreal material demand and the future maintenance. You can sign down in this type of energy transition. Some key role materials are hard to procure. Its becoming increasingly expensive. This means that geologist has to act early to warn others of possible supply bottlenecks, or Price Fluctuations prepared dossiers. And studies like this one with cobalt you couldnt even imagine under the screen lane is great for showing us how the cobalt price has more than doubled in the last 2 years on the london metal exchange. On one side. This is because of increased demand on the other because of the problems to supply chains us that we have had to deal with this on the past few years and its gone. Cobalt is important for lithium ion battery. 6 in 202170 percent of the Global Market share was mind in the democratic republic of congo, which is being played for decades by political and social unrest. Number 2 and the cobalt market is russia. Market share around 4 percent, but the risk price is good sky, real good. Further and deliveries may not be met about the doors and the retail german firms to diversify, to move away from supply from only one country big for an item, and then one by a. So you know, or is it a roll . Material is crazy cool. You look for a potential replacement, some more it so you try to replace statements such as barrel and based power shift, which campaigns against Global Inequality concerning human rights and environmental issues. You can always add this as we can cover everything that are 25 of us in the team. And yours are very important and bringing to light abuses and 2nd countries. And that helps us recognize developments inherently. And its also important for us studies and analysis for the reason. Its an important collaboration because the Energy Revolution can only truly be clean when the Raw Materials are procured fairly unsustainably red, its a chemical elements from the 9 to 9th. Through the elements atrium is a bad as well. Right . Its is a misleading name, as they neither ren, no, all the colors range from stone to silver and the quick to thomas when expose to oxygen will react quickly when they come into contact with both one of the many applications in the conduction of Permanent Magnets which are also used in Wind Turbines. At the beginning of 2023, a huge deposit of red. Its was discovered in sweden and untapped millions, kansas thoughts being the ground notes of the arctic circle. But to this day, no permission has been granted to mind them. The note methods of best separation and upgrading would home the environment. Theyve been mining iron or for many years and keep luna and the mind is considered one of the worlds largest. If the head of the state online a company has his way a new mind most to be added, exploration has detected more than a 1000000 tons of Rare Earth Science and 4 to 5 years that we have ongoing expiration activities in this. The pulse that, which means that for us its open, its not closed. We dont actually know how big it is. But what we know today is by far the law just the pulse it off, already ease in your that might help your up fulfill its goal of becoming climate neutral by 2050. As anyone building Wind Turbines for e car batteries needs rare, or its after a press conference in the tunnels of the queue. Rena. Mines swedens minister of finance is thinking big fine. Yeah. Hard and installed too. So yeah, so sweet and has a proud history of mine and have them installed, but im did some but also a Bright Future ahead should come out there. And so many of the so called rare or are critical and going green and meeting are ambitious climate targets where the heck stuff that came up until now. Europe has relied on imports and china dominates the industry according to estimates by us geologist. The deposits in china are 40 times larger than those in sweden. The environmental groups hope that the deposits in Northern Europe will be mind in a greater way than in asia. Came all thumbs down in may have transitioning to Renewable Energy electron mobility for going to us made those have to dependent on china say, you know, the 30000000 in going on. They are going to be anything if we can 1000000 our own re or ass and europe implementing better methods and climate protection to. And this find is a real game changer and game changer. But it will take perseverance to reach that turning point and also the goodwill of the so many people who have lived up north since time immemorial. The area that they want to develop, run straight through the land of the reindeer herders. And additionally, official approval and construction of a new mind could take 5 to 10 years instead of mining new rule materials, could we recycle those that have already been processed and are in circulation . Its a feasible option, even when it comes to lithium, ion battery is used in electric vehicles. The batteries have to be shredded and the fundamental materials separates it. But how does this work in detail . Lets get the lego to understand who has a few and i, in box of these get recycled. Its often involves smelting. So essentially she took them to be mailed. But this uses lots of energy, creates toxic emissions, and you lose some of the materials. Thats why companies are coming up with new ways to recycle. You want to have as much as we can with high value materials that are, have taken a lot of effort to get over the ground. We want to use those carefully and, and as many times as we can, this is canal felt the chief commercial officer at life cycle. Lithium ion bought 3 recycling company from canada. We basically come up with a process designed specifically for this to have high recovery rates of the material. In the 1st stage, what we call spoke is a mechanical process that breaks down the batteries in separate some of the fundamental materials. Very, very simply speaking, this is what happens. The batteries are shredded weeks of matters in a non toxic solution. This is important because it prevents them from catching fire. And then the worst case blowing up then materials like plastic copper and l. U minium are separated from what the industry calls the black mass. This contains valuable materials like cobalt, nickel, and lithium. The 2nd part of the process is the hub and this is really a bespoke hydro. Metallurgy are wet chemistry process to process the black mass into battery gain materials. What this means is that different chemicals get added to the black mass which lead show different elements. These chemicals either make their way into the final product or a re used in the process. So this doesnt actually produce any waste water. You end up with the black mass separated into a single components like lithium cobalt, an nickel. So the end goal is that as we pull them out of the batteries, were putting them back into new batteries and that hasnt been, shes been achieved yet at a high scale. Theres, theres elements of, of it around the world. But we want to help to, to continue to drive that port. Its hard to keep track of exactly so many lithium ion battery already get recycled mainly because theyre often exported. But its already happening more and more, especially in asia where most of them are also produced. And this volumes of spent 5 to reschedule. It will also make even more Financial Sense to recycle them. This is the the, i do well that we, we hope that there is no bird in new jersey to keep our auto renew of materials that they already produce. Could be reusing. Definitely a problem. Let us read why the one to find out more about role materials. Or are you curious about Something Else from the world of science, send us a voice message or a video. If we answer your questions on the show, you even get a smart prize as a thank you. Come on to phones this week, a view question is from, can this do so done yet in columbia . Why our researchers more interested in march than in the moon. The mars is our outer next door neighbor. Its more of it is further away from the sun than the earth. Mars is the only other planet in our solar system that humans could conceivably live on. That makes it especially interesting. Maurice has a comparable day and night for them to hers. A day on mars is just 37 minutes longer than a day on our planet. Its shaped our by over thems the days and nights are both 14 earth days long. With extreme temperature swings between daytime and nighttime, because unlike earth and mars, the moon has no atmosphere to regulate the warmth and the coldness. Mars and earth also have similar like conditions as the sunsets on both plan would show. On top of that, they are, its axis is inclined almost as strongly as marss all the shared commonalities means that theyre atmosphere is have similar characteristics in comparative Climate Research that makes more sense atmosphere, a model of the earths atmosphere, the moon would be of no use the earths atmosphere is primarily made of nitrogen and oxygen. Its the only planet in the solar system with liquid water on its surface. There was also water on mars. 3 and a half 1000000000 years ago. Has these river valley show . Then the red plants climate was more conducive to lice and its atmosphere denser. But mars has lost a large part of it. This year the constant flow of particles from the sun blows parts of marss upper atmosphere into space. The parts atmosphere is largely protected against this by its Magnetic Fields. Today, mars is atmosphere is only 100. 00 the density of earth. And the world that was once conducive to a life has turned into a dry icy desert. Water can only exist on the red planet as ice or vapor. Theres even an ice covering the surface of its poles. And in the ground, there are rich reserves of important resources for mand outposts. In early 2022. Europes ex, on march trace gas orbiter discovered vast reserves of water ice. Under the 5 is my re now is the so called grand canyon of mars. The simulations are already in use to calculate whether it would be possible to set up an artificial Magnetic Field between mars and the sun to make so red sign it more conducive to life. Again, air pressure and temperature would rise until the Carbon Dioxide ice at the north pole mills and sparks of greenhouse effect that turns the ground dice into rivers and sees it would be possible, at least in theory. Now back to the topic of roll materials, there is yet another potential source for us to explore in space. Sounds far out, but in series it seems possible. Some celestial bodies that passed by us of untapped gold mines. Nature in 20 says and asked her why is it passed close to our planet was estimated to contain more platinum than has ever been money done. Or the 14th asteroid . 16 psyche, a metal which world sent to be worth 700. 00 quintillion dollars. Mining asteroids seemed just theoretical for a long time because space travel was just too expensive. But thats changing a seat on a space. X walk, it is 3 times cheaper than it most of the space shuttle. This had started a new gold rush in 2012 literally page, the co founder of google put his wealth behind the company planetary resources which during the race to mine, asteroids in 2017 and thats i noticed it would pay a visit to psyche. This is lindy up in stanton who had some assets type emission. The other part of the thing you mentioned that im running is, is a pure science mission. But also the program is not about asteroid mining. It could help lay the groundwork for such missions in the future. Crazy as it sounds, mining asteroids might not only be feasible, but also much more sustainable than mining on earth. And it actually turns out that the answers seems to be yes. Andreas heine is the research here who has actually crunch the numbers. The estimates that the rocket fuel needed to go and bring back one kilogram of platinum from an asteroid would release 150 kilograms of c o 2 and to the earths atmosphere. Terrestrial mining with generate 40000 kilograms, so asteroid mining could be hundreds of times less polluting. Essentially, the main reason is theres almost no other substance you can mine and which you can generate step much. Greenhouse gases outsourcing, mining to space would decrease pollution on earth, but theres some economic problem. Terms of sustainability. Again, when in terms of economics, its not profitable yet. For me, if you mine like 5 times of the cost of them you have on this right now. It means that the market price is willing, needs the crash. You can set up as the much low price, which means as you diminishing your profit margin. So you operate in your interest put to the loss. And that makes sense, very unattractive for investors. Carbon taxes and new technologies could change this equation. But it would still take several years for space monitoring to become profitable. Investors do not want to wait that long. Levinsky is company failed to raise enough funds, forcing it to a band, and its goal of mining asteroids. Planetary resources didnt succeed in their ultimate goal to to mine asteroids. But i think its succeeded in a lot of ways of the steps to get the Business Case doesnt quite yet close, but we couldnt make it get there. We can find a way, and i think it is in some ways be in the future times because we cant its been our history as long as weve been able to track it from backwards acumen are, the new inventions can make space mine in economic goals. Just a few decades ago, the very technology youre using to watch this video seemed impossible. Today. We can use satellites to be the internet everywhere on the planet. 101520 years. A lot can happen. One day mining on earth may be obsolete a bit like using candles to light your room. And that was this weeks episode of tomorrow today dw sign show. Thanks for joining us. Control next time. Stay curious by the vin image is freedom of the online . Yes, north koreans fled to south korea, so they realize same dreams of the coming social media stuff. So the fact is, we posted up in lives under kim john but then they disappeared without warning. Need to reach to us as a north korean propaganda video was happens from north korea, which love starts october 25th on d, w dw, so on 6 folks, we in fact every day, the world kasha really World Wide Web for free. Because we can take the different w, call the world and also your info and all the input w stores. Now on to the to the tech is changing 6 years ago. We said it cant get any worse, but it does guardians of truth. This time, excel gen, this turned into our needs the voices of the 3 turkey author. As the ad one has history into its own. I knew the police would search my house. Courageous people are trying to stem the turkish governments all sort of tammy and cools off. So kids and whatnot. But really its a crime is addressed and the path of trying to takes responsibility for his action. What about freedom of suppressed and freedom of expression . What about parliamentary democracy . To the situation is very serious. Cut in those rights has not only weapon is all pen is of trees stuffs, october 28th on dw the. This is dw news live from berlin. People in garza leave their homes as israel continues, its been barred mince of the territory. Thousands of thousands are set to be sheltering and un schools. Others had to a Border Crossing with egypt is really Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu says that the strikes are just the beginning of that. Israels response to the last tact will echo with his enemies for a generation plus