Lithium is commonly used in batteries that Power Electric vehicles. The largest metal on is abundantly phones, but only in small concentrations and mining. This is complex, expensive tom sold to the environment. And even when does it seem is contained within the batteries. Its still dangerous. Explosions and fires caused by lithium ion batteries. After shorting damage or overheating time, and again we see how dangerous thing can be thats why the world is searching for which is late for new battery technology. At the helm holds institute in the true and city of researchers are trying to find a replacement for lithium as an Energy Source and quickly now these side thing, this side of vital. Yeah, we dont have model. Ill tell you that because its expected that demand for batteries is going to grow very, very strongly volume system. Yeah. But we are expecting a 4600 percent increase by 2013. Yeah, yeah thats, thats who comes with us. The toys is that means we have to give back to the technology, a white material base we all, since we have to bring abundant for cheap and easily recyclable materials and to play with the side, the bottom of the all the meetings, feet of things, the rise and demand for Battery Storage is huge. With wind and solar power expansion, one of the main drivers. Then there is the electro mobility sector. By 2045, theyre expected to be 30000000 electric vehicles in germany alone that will need lithium for their batteries. Mazda, 400 lithium, maybe a bundle, but it can be mind quickly enough to meet demands completely. That means we have to turn to materials that are widely available, but still do a very good job. And the ones that go to the inner structure of the lithium ion battery contains 3 problem matic materials. A positive terminal of cobalt, a negative terminal of graphite, and the lithium itself, which moves back and forth between the poles to load and discharge the battery. Cobalt is points and its and is now off and replaced by lift the iron phosphate to create whats known in the industry as an l. F. P. Battery chinese firm b, y, d e has developed a new battery design because our Technology Still requires a lot of space and the battery cells is understand that these are, you know, have large units in place of these small box or you sell, which are a bit bigger than a chocolate bar and they simply need less packaging on the site. As a result, it could accommodate much more storage materials and the actual overall by today because im using lithium high end chemistry in this space. Saving battery design gives an amazing 1000 kilometers of range. The new l. F. P. Chemistry offers a much reduced range, but the batteries have other advantages. They dont require cobalt and are also 30 percent cheaper, as well as being much safer. In the case of lithium ion batteries, the male puncture test shows why these batteries are so dangerous. The resulting short circuit causes an explosion and a fire that isnt easily put out. All of the batteries are completely different. Here the nail test causes us only an increase in temperature. Also, now of the battery smell in the future, be able to be recharged 3. 00 to 5000. 00 times a charging stations. Thats 10 times as much as current rechargeable batteries. But the range for the full battery is only 60 percent done. Of a lithium ion battery and charging and cold weather also causes problems. The but the biggest helps yet in Battery Development are for sodium ion technology. It replaces the batteries, lithium ions with sodium ions. This change in battery chemistry, also allows cobalt and graphite terminals to be replaced with more sustainable materials. But sodium ion batteries are quite a bit heavier. Yep. Not everything needs to be as light as a cell phone battery, for example, in huge Wind Energy Storage facilities, such as these in australia, weight is not an issue. The sodium is produced from ford and every table salt, which is readily available in large quantities. Sodium am batteries have a shorter range on a single charge, but the charge faster and are almost full again after just 15 minutes. Another advantage, unlike almost all other batteries, they still deliver at 90 percent of their power in freezing temperatures. And even in the classic internal combustion engine, the starter batteries can be replaced by sodium batteries and within their toxic chemistry. After all, the Global Market for starter batteries is as large as that for lithium ion battery fix and this is default timidly. The question is, how quickly are all the Raw Materials on the market . Now, this is how quickly will we be available and can they be installed for the production capacities are being prepared at the moment . Thats where everyone is actually very well positioned on the next 2 years. But whether sodium or lithium, without natural resources, we wouldnt have any new batteries at all. Heavy industries depend on the natural source from real materials. If the supply is caught, production lines everywhere, right . So how do you, by deficiency or scarcity of rule materials, determines the market price. Do many impulse missiles from all over the world, as has geologists on the hunt for news sources. Headquarters in berlin, the german minerals resort agency data for short trades rule materials source all over the world to companies on behalf of the German Government doesnt provide heidi this Customer Health or, or that contains cobalt from the democratic republic of congo. X. If its the helper is used for electricity from inability to renewable, Energy Technology for power, transmission and cobalt i need for batteries. And then both of the involvement the Amanda Alvarez is concerned about germanys role materials supplies, events and womens replacements, few and currently facing a lot of challenges for care all over the world. Supply chains have been disrupted, or even broken under the current ukraine. Russia situation, of course, the federal develops new concepts to keep politicians and Industry Leaders up to speed on risk so that impact supply market price is a focus on so called mega trends, like the move to electron mobility make a trans mega trends. A 1st and foremost global phenomena on kind of among listings west are guessing on technology such as the lithium ion battery, a mobility electrolysis, the hydrogen production, unroll material demand in the future, and sign down in this type of energy transition. Some key role materials are hard to procure and becoming increasingly expensive. This means that geologists, us to act early, to warn others of possible supply bottlenecks, or price fluctuations. They prepare dossiers, and studies like this one with cobalt under the screen lane is great for showing us how the cobalt price is more than double in the last 2 years on the London Mental exchange on one side. Its just because of the increased demand on the other because of the problems, the supply chains that we have had to deal with in the past few years. And then this young cobalt is important for lithium ion battery. In 202170 percent of the Global Market share was mines in the democratic republic of congo, which is being played for decades by political and social unrest. Number 2 and the cobalt market is russia. Market share around 4 percent, but risk price is good sky, real good, further and deliveries may not be mex, restaurants and retail. German firms to diversify, to move away from supply from only one country big for an item, and then one by a. So you know or is it a roll . Material is crazy cool. You look for a potential replacement, some more it so you try to replace those materials without those if possible. I know were still surprised that but thats not always possible. Special metals like rear x are needed urgently to build Wind Turbines. Rear ex are phones worldwide, so never endure farm, only income phones the separation and upgrading is done with the aid of assets. A large amount of toxic overburden is produced in the process of chinas rhetoric demand amongst the 86 percent of the Global Supply menu. And then if that makes sense, if of in the movies as a traveling through countries, then we try to get this rented as possible a picture of the whole 2nd sort of thing. We publish this information, which we also include in our consultancy service. And there are also shares, its information with non governmental organizations, such as bell and based power shift, which campaigns against Global Inequality concerning human rights and environmental issues. Different, honest, honestly, we can cover everything that are 25 of us and the team and yours are very important and bringing to light abuses and 2nd countries. And that helps us recognize developments apparently. And its also important for us studies and analysis of splintered and im using. Its an important collaboration because the Energy Revolution can only truly be clean when the Raw Materials are procured fairly unsustainably read, its a chemical elements from the 9 to night. Good. The elements atrium is event as well. Right . Of is a misleading name. As the 9th, the red know all the colors range from stone to silver and the quick to thomas when expose to oxygen will react quickly when they come into contact with both one of the many applications in look, reduction of Permanent Magnets which are also used in when to bind at the beginning of 2023, a huge deposit of red, its was discovered in sweden, an untapped 1000000 tons is thought to be in the ground north of the arctic circle. But to this day, no permission has been granted to mind them. The known method, some best separation and upgrading would home the environment. Theyve been mining iron or for many years in cuba, luna. And the mine is considered one of the worlds largest. If the head of the state online a company has his way a new mind most to be added, exploration has detected more than a 1000000 tons of Rare Earth Science and 4 to 5 years. We have ongoing expiration activities in this. The pulse of this means that for us its open. Its not most, they dont actually know how big it is. But what we know today is by far the law just the pulse it off, already ease in your that might help your full fill. Its goal of becoming climate neutral by 2050. As anyone building Wind Turbines or e car, batteries needs rare or its after a press conference in the tunnels of the queue, rena. Mines swedens minister of finance is thinking big fan. Yeah. Hard and installed to store. Yeah. So sweet and has a proud history of mine and have been installed, but im did some good, but also a Bright Future ahead should come out there. And so many of the so called restaurants are critical and going green and meeting are ambitious climate targets where the heck stuff that came up until now. Europe has relied on imports and china dominates the industry according to estimates by us geologist. The deposits in china are 40 times larger than those in sweden. Environmental groups, hope that the deposits in Northern Europe will be mind in a greater way then in asia. It came off the im standing on may have transitioning to renewable energy, electron mobility for going to us made those have to dependent on china say, you know, the duct t, my, you know, going on. They are going to be anything. And if we can 1000000 our own re, or as in europe implementing better methods and claim it protection to. And this find is a real game changer, a game changer. But it will take perseverance to reach that turning point and also the goodwill of the so many people who have lived up north since time immemorial. The area that they want to develop, run straight through the land of the reindeer herders. And additionally, official approval and construction of a new mind could take 5 to 10 years instead of mining new rule materials, could we recycle those that have already been processed and are in circulation . Its a feasible option, even when it comes to lithium, ion battery is used in electric vehicles. The batteries have to be shredded and the fundamental materials separates it. But how does this work in detail . Lets get to the lego, to understand it was a few i in box of these get recycled. Its often involves smelting. So essentially she took them until the melt. But this uses lots of energy, creates toxic emissions. And you lose some of the materials. Thats what companies are coming up with new ways to recycle. You want to have as much as we can with high value materials that are, have taken a lot of effort to get over the ground. We want to use those carefully and as many times as we can, this is canal file for chief commercial officer at life cycle. A lithium ion bought 3 recycling company from canada. We basically come up with a process designed specifically for this to have high recovery rates of the material. In the 1st stage, what we call or spoke is a mechanical process that breaks down the batteries in separate some of the fundamental materials. Very, very simply speaking, this is what happens. The batteries are shredded leaks of matters in a non toxic solution. This is important because it prevents them from catching fire. And then the worst case blowing up then materials like plastic copper and l. U minium are separated from what the industry calls the black mass. This contains valuable materials like cobalt, nickel, and lithium. The 2nd app part of the process is the hub and this is really a bespoke hydro. Metallurgy are wet chemistry, process the process, black mass into battery gaming materials. What this means is that different chemicals get added to the black mass, which we chose different elements. These chemicals either make their way into the final products or are re used in the process. So this doesnt actually produce any waste water. You end up with the black mass separated into single components, like lithium, cobalt and nickel. So the end goal is that as we pull them out of the batteries, were putting them backed into new batteries and that hasnt been, she didnt achieved yet at a highest scale. Theres, theres elements of, of it around the world. But we want to help to, to continue to try that for its hard to keep track of exactly so many lithium ion battery already get recycled mainly because theyre often exported. But its already happening more and more, especially in asia, where most of them are also produced as volumes of spent 5 to reschedule. It will also make even more Financial Sense to recycle them. This is the in the i do well, that way. We hope that there is no bird in new jersey to auto renew of materials that they already produced could be used in definitely a problem. Let us read why i want to find out more about room materials. Oh, you curious about Something Else from the world of science, send us a voice message or a video. If we answer your questions on the show, you even get a smart prize as a thank you. Come on just phones or this week. A view question is from, can this do so done yet in columbia . Why our researchers more interested in march than in the moon . The mars is our outer next door neighbor. Its more of it is further away from the sun than the earth. Mars is the only other planet in our solar system that humans could conceivably live on. That makes it, especially interesting. Maurice has a comparable gene night for them to us. A day on mars is just the 37 minutes longer than a day on our planet. Its shaped our by over thems the days and nights are both 14 earth days long. With extreme temperature swings between daytime and nighttime. Because unlike earth and mars, the moon has no atmosphere to regulates a warmth, and the coldness, mars and earth also have similar like conditions. As the sunsets on both plan would show on top of that beer, its axis is inclined almost as strongly as marss all the shared commonalities means that there atmosphere is have similar characteristics in comparative Climate Research that makes marss atmosphere model of the earths atmosphere. The moon would be of no use. The earths atmosphere is primarily made of nitrogen and oxygen. Its the only planet in the solar system with liquid water on its surface. There was also water on mars 3 and a half 1000000000 years ago. Has these river valley show, then the red plants climate was more conducive to life, and its atmosphere denser. But mars has lost a large part of its atlas fear. The a constant flow of particles from the sun blows parts of marss upper atmosphere into space. The earths atmosphere is largely protected against this by its Magnetic Fields. Today, marss atmosphere is only 100. 00 the density of earths. And the world that was once conducive to a life has turned into a dry icy desert. Water can only exist on the red planet as ice or vapor. Theres even an ice covering the surface of its poles. And in the ground, there are rich reserves of important resources for mand outpost. In early 2022, europes ex. So mars trace gas orbiter discovered vast reserves of water ice under the 5 is my re now is the so called grand canyon of mars. The simulations are already in use to calculate whether it would be possible to set up an artificial Magnetic Field between mars and the sun to make so red sign it more conducive to life. Again, air pressure and temperature would rise until the Carbon Dioxide ice at the north pole mills and sparks a greenhouse effect that turns the ground dice into rivers and sees it would be possible at least in series. Now back to the topic of rule materials, there is yet another potential source for us to explore in space. Sounds far out, but in series it seems possible. Some celestial bodies that passed by us on untapped gold mines nature. In 2015, an asteroid zip passed close to our planet was estimated to contain more platinum than has ever been money done or the 14th asteroid. 16 psyche, a metal rich world set to be worth 700. 00 quintillion dollars. A mining asteroids scene just theoretical for a long time because space travel was just too expensive, but thats changing a seat on a space. X walk, it is 3 times cheaper than it wants. Im the space shuttle. This had started a new gold rush in 2012 larry page, the co founder of google put his wealth behind the company planetary resources which during the race to mine, asteroids in 2017. And then i noticed you would pay a visit to psyche. This is mindy open stanton who had some massive Psyche Mission and important thing to know. You mentioned that i money is a pure science mission, but the program is not about asteroid mining. It could help lay the groundwork for such missions in the future. Crazy as it sounds, mining asteroids might not only be feasible, but also much more sustainable than mining on earth. And it actually turns out that the answers seems to be yes. Andreas height is a researcher who has actually crunch the numbers. The estimates that the rocket fuel needed to go and bring back one kilogram of platinum from an asteroid would release 150 kilograms of c o 2 into the earths atmosphere. Terrestrial mining would generate 40000 kilograms. So asteroid mining could be hundreds of times less polluting. Essentially, the main reason is theres almost no other substance you can mine, which you can generate step much Greenhouse Gases outsourcing, mining to space would decrease pollution on earth. But theres some economic problem in terms of sustainability. When, in terms of economics, its not profitable yet. For me, if you mine like 5 times of the cost of them you have on this right now, it means that the market price is willing if the crash you can sell it as a, as a much lower price. Which means as you diminishing your profit margin, so you offer it in your interest put to the loss. And that makes so its very unattractive for investors. Carbon taxes and new technologies could change this equation. But it would still take several years for space mining to become profitable. Investors do not want to wait that long. Levinsky is company failed to raise enough funds, forcing it to a band and its goal of mining asteroids. Planetary resources didnt succeed and their ultimate goal to to mine asteroids. But i think its succeeded in a lot of ways of the steps to get the Business Case doesnt quite yet close, but we couldnt make it get there. We can find a way, and i think it is in some ways the inevitable future times because we cant its been our history as long as weve been able to track it from backwards. The humans are. The new inventions can make space mine in economical. Just a few decades ago, the very technology youre using to watch this video seemed impossible. Today. We can use satellites to be the internet everywhere on the planet. 101520 years. A lot can happen. One day mining on earth may be obsolete a bit like using candles to light your room. And that was this weeks episode of tomorrow. Today, d w sign show. Thanks for joining us. Come to the next time. Stay curious by the can you invest money while supporting worthy causes . Its like social justice and environmental sustainability as you can and your options are expanding a film about investments that reconcile and profit with content. Because money isnt everything the in good shape. Everyone knows this one feeling even though its triggered 5 different causes, fee or a normal response to danger between the sphere become pathological for names of the disorder. And what can help in good shape. In 30 minutes, on the, the thickness of confrontation. This is your vision of the combat, assuming youre gonna apply the undisputed champion tough political to try to frighten people. So its a fact everybody understands it, except you enter the conflicts bone and joint Tim Sebastian as a whole, the powerful to account. This is a big fan, you, whichever way you like to spin. Conflict says im on the limited freedom of the online where young north koreans fled to south korea, where they realize their dreams of becoming social media. But then they disappeared without warning. Need to recess as a north korean propaganda video was happening from north korea which starts october 25th on d. W. Practices and stereotypes still shape to west the use of africa. How do we change the adult film a can lease which comes with these creations . Together they explode the contradictory nature of the 0 century as a teenage girl. And how these believes can be changed. The start filming us. Plea for new perspectives, thoughts, october 20th us on dw, the the. This is due to be a news, and this is our top story. More than 200 people were killed in israel after the palestinian militants, as long as the organization from us launched an unprecedented multi pronged attack by land. Sea and air is rarely Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu says, amongst will pay a heavy price for the attack. A most fired thousands of rockets from the guns this trip into southern israel. Those fort intercepted by