This week on tomorrow to day Dw Science Program rituals. And on the 2nd thing seen this, somebody in the switch town not saw from zurich, people in protective gaps striding through and then the Garden Spring insecticide. The goal is to wipe out any japanese beetles as fast as possible. The authorities think that a small population estimated it between a 100 and a 1000 insects is established that the 1st time in infestation of this size is a cut most of the out sofa. And the single beetles have been detected. Officials immediately sounded the alarm and stuffy doing Everything Possible to stump out the pest completely. Because one thing is clear, dont settle for enough talk. Europe is watching clothing understand that and everyone is keen to see whether we manage to eradicate them. Besides, the situation is not just very important for switzerland, but also internationally is to be to isnt stop until its long term spread throughout. Europe grows much more likely and that could have trusted consequences. So agriculture that future scenario is already reality in northern italy. For years the japanese beetle has been eating its way through the regions. Vineyards, may not you, its vineyard is regularly infested. The winemaker has to pick the beatles off his lines one at a time and never ending task bus. Its the only way to save at least part of his harvest fee on my side separate or its frustrating, but you just have to do in order to use an equation. And its much more frustrating when you see them eating up the buying giovanni, both you and a colleague from the countries Agricultural Office of trying to get the japanese veto under control. In the last few years, populations that the past have exploded. And that causing serious damage that before the spread of the japanese beetle is a huge problem for a range of crops, certainly not the hearts of them arrive and start eating the leaving mice the damage they caused severe months out of look for you. Thank you to not only the following the plans, they forget c o n a. The piano in the early 20th century, the japanese be told was 1st introduced from its native country to the us and soon spread to canada. In the us alone, it causes several 100000000. 00 in crop damage annually. Then in the early 19 seventys, the insect to make the lead to europe. At 1st, im need to the azores versus eventually reached mainland to europe in 2014, in northern italy. Its established quickly and multiplied exclusively in 2017. The people also spread switzerland for a long time. It was found only in the southern count on us to chino, to the outs form a natural barrier that prevented the spread until recently, at least when they were also found north of the range. Because to be to population a p, a small and fi selected, those, the experts hope it can be white house thats no longer a possibility south of the alps into chino or northern easily. Tim hi is an invasive pests specialist at the copy. An International NonProfit Research and relocate he sites there are about 12000000 beetle lobby in the soil in this paul colored directly. What does this notice . And thats a Huge Population for this tiny area alone. And then of course, it poses a problem for agriculture and the environment here with such Huge Populations eradication is no longer an option. But containment might be in his lab. Tim hi, is that for looking for ways to keep the beetle in check. One method involves the parasitic flight, the principle is simple. The fly lays its eggs from the beatles back. Lovely developing them in just 24 hours. The 1st law, but the hatch quickly bows into the body of the beetle and proceeds to devour it from the inside. Then p pates and eventually images as an adult find the following spring. Only one slide develops pub beetle. But there is still many open questions like whether the fly only pirates, the ties is japanese. Beetles for such as the anchor Scope Institute have made more progress. Theyre also looking for effective biological ways to combat the in place. Theyve been saying a special fund session promise as a weapon. Its being intensively tested on the quarantine conditions. The original plan was to infect the navi, with the fungus ive seen here in time lapse footage. So the research has tested what happens, a lot of the, the wind said in an experimental field, seated with the fungus. When spring came, they monitored whether it has an impact on the japanese be told population. The fungus can decimate the pests close relatives, ladybugs, and june bugs. But the results with the japanese beetle, but disappointing, or the fungus have little effects on it. Snobby, lots of them. Yeah, fun, passive. Unfortunately, japanese based love am much more robust than native beat life. It was like 80 bucks in gene bug. Me say spell it us. We found that the fund moves food we used just didnt have the effect we would have, like i said. So for now, the research focuses back on adult insects. Scientists have sprayed leaves with fungal, spose, and put them in containers with beatles. They dont even have to eat. Its simple contact is enough. Fungal spose grow into the insect and kids in a few days. B. S for this or dot the tv. Its the 1st results weve seen from the lab or very encourage you to get seen. Thats the key for it. And we solve it practically 100 percent of the beatles can be killed by these phone guy in just a few days to throughout the cronum. So were feeling quite positive on this. Ive seen vague, at least suppose that youve had of course, were now looking at how we can build on this success and via how we can get the method out in the field, us and into practice. Thats file and they do fox, its emails. Field trials already underway. It will still take some time however, before the 1st results are available. Seats debatable whether the japanese be to can actually be kept out of Northern Europe forever. Climate change models indicate Lodge Concert the continent could soon offer the conditions it needs to thrice dinosaurs admitted their fair share of Greenhouse Gases. One theory even holds that that might have contributed to their demise. The animals weve domesticated also produced plenty of gases that are bad for the climate. Livestock finding makes up a significant portion of human induced emissions to change that we would need to cut down on the number of animals we raise for food or possibly make the ones we have less destructive. The researchers in new zealand are interested in the sheep because of their digestive gases. Some will spend an hour today an experimental chambers at the inver Cargo Research farm. The method reveals which animals excel lots of the climate damage and gas me thing and which burnout less of it. Scientist susanne rile, explains that 90 percent of Greenhouse Gas emissions come from an animals mouth not at the rear end. So im taking a sample of a break in the volume of the and im using the gauge, how much me so units of the compared to, to contemporaries. And i can use that to run individually because some animals also meant that be slightly differently. And they give them the others. So what were looking for those low low emissions and those low emitters in bread with one another row has been pursuing the odor intensive program for 11 years after 3 generations for flock now and sales, 13 percent less, methane gas. Then at the start of the experiment, meantime we can make a difference. We can make a difference quickly if we lower the amount of me sitting in the environment. We can very quickly have an impact was if we lower the amount of copy i dont something the volume and were having a massive impact in the long term. The Short Term Impact we werent see as much. So its, its a real opportunity for, for the launch stuff industry to make a really about an hour away from the research station is leon blacks farm. Hes a 4th generation chief farmer. Black is one of the 1st to put the scientists principles into practice. He breed sheets that have better breath 11. But in the process you cant forget. The bottom line is animals still need to produce plenty of meat. And well, the heart was always said if you had a more efficient room and then more so that put the units and the things like the home mode will make and that looks ready to tie. So were selecting animals that utilize feed data dog, put out be fine, and put more into the drugs. Its going to like the when, when such, when, when situations are urgently needed in news events, which is determined to become climate neutral by 2050 to get the government has now investing millions in the development of new technologies for agriculture. Like here at the Palmerston North campus. New wedlock has been working for 15 years on another promising project, a vaccine against me thing, gases in animals. One that would work in towels as well as cheap a heavy weight can for quite some but some time. But we are making good progress. We say to showing that you can vaccinate animals and they can produce antibodies against the sandwiches and the saliva. Weve done some studies that show they produce enough anti bodies to see a radically coat. All of them assignments in the room and but former Prime Minister just send a order and didnt want to wait for a new anti birth injection and decided to take on farmers to achieve climate goals per party wanted methane gas submitted by cows and sheep to drop by up to 47 percent by 2050. To push that agenda. Farmers are supposed to pay an emissions tax starting in 2025 a world 1st. The proposal is it stands to main. See feelings from is a seat to be the 1st in the world to reduce agricultural emissions, positioning, a biggest export market to the competitive advantage that brings in a world increasingly discerning about the provenance of the search. But not everyone is on board with a governments idea. They are of in protest. Many farmers fee or the extra costs will hit the countries agriculture industry to hard hits. New zealand is main export sector. But the sheep farmer, leon black, g 2, is angered by the governments plans and thinks the tax is unfair. Even his clean turbo sheet emit too much to exempt him from it. Many sheet farmers would have no choice but to reduce the size of their flocks and hurts. Even though Animal Husbandry in new zealand is already among the most environmentally friendly in the world. I believe theres more guides to my that way that limits is what i know. I think its really unrealistic. For a government decide 40 or 50 the same, its just magic very, very disappointed. I like thoughts not strange for you on the experimental form. The testing is over for the day scientist susanne ro understands the farmers concerns. But she also sees the potential in her super she and she believes that new zealand could become a Global Pioneer in the industry. We dont really know how far we can go. We, we know the, in the, in, in these folks were going very quickly. But if we apply that to our normal breathing floor, then were seeing a sort of 2 to 3 percent drugs per year. So were seeing a considerable difference. And what has already worked for new zealand sheep is now to be tested in other domesticated species. Next on the list, reading low and meeting cows youd never consume this intentionally, but we do it. Unaware. Studies have found we ingest around 5 grams of micro plastic every week. The equivalent by weight of a credit card. The super fine particles are now everywhere in the air. We breathe. The water we drink, the food we micro plastics are in the soil too. Of course, and fertilizers add more all the time. But can they also migrate from there into plants. Visible retreat is all about food safety. One by so doesnt that one, but if him we know that there is a loss of micro plastic in the soil in the environment is patricia. And in this project, were investigating different uptake pathways, all from the, one of the mystery, the routes, and then into the leaves. If tiny plastic particles are in the water, all soil cons might of salt and to find out which fact is going to influence uptake. The research has, he has simulate processes in the lab using pock choice evenings here for gave them via the nano to do so we bought nano and mike cray, plastic suspended and moved to in the pronouncement style can done better. Then later we can detect the posse closer to that on the distribution and the plants lie or died that sometimes to based costing cause i t for title indifference to now lies under the microscope. The died microphone stakes lights up red. As expected, the puck choice, evenings of absorbed particles, through the roots, offended up dell. Disaster absorption. These red dots or this reddish mirror is also found in the rest of the room. All that means its not only absorbed somewhere and then sticks there. Its also somehow being transported inside the plant and we dont know how that happens. You put the plastic, finds ways from the root area to other areas of the plans, in both supervisors and under pollution, defense, tomatoes, asparagus radishes, and older plans to expand and did. With some phone, the 2 scientists have been able to detect plastic residues, but even root this organisms are susceptible. A neighboring nevada tree house is the largest collection of snow allergy in the world. Except for most files that ive picked out to that are a bit interesting from a food perspective on one is calling realize its a single cell. Green algae sold in health food stores. So thats the reference to food. Then theres field act on which is the diet tom that produces valuable omega 3 fatty acids. The o g o key to the Research Project problem. And i thought we need a simple system to start out with our experiments. I had a single cell. Algae is easier to work with in a complex plant or tree. Obviously its much easier to try many things out on such a relatively primitive system. It. And there are some species of algae that seem to take up plastic very well and appear to have no problem with absorbed or micro plastic particles in terms of appearance and grows. We dont see any differences. And thats why the selected algy are pretty interesting because theyre different species from different branches of the evolutionary tree. And thats a normally supervisor suzana bowsman is using a mass spectrometer to investigate the precise effects of plastic particles uptake on organisms. The instrument analyzes the exact mass of various molecular constituents if the micro caustics cause even the smallest anomalies, they can be detected home, esa and hutch filter. So we have the 1st indications that some compounds, the president , tim, lower concentrations, others in higher concentrations, shown on these include secondary plants, compound bix, which bounce normally produce to protect themselves from incomplete in so far, they help protect it from light or time by insects. Us in the researches on to efficiently create particles like those that come from ty, away the use of greenhouse plastics or garbage and the modem. Well, theres no shortage of suicides from light plastics. No one wants caustic in the food, but how much home is consumption as she do to us human to progress versus in canada . And for me, i would love to be able to monitor that question and i hope we can do so in the future. Couldnt video things, but as of now we still cant assess the risk to the plant itself or to the consumers or animals that eat these pounds, crystal low finish option seals. And the goal is to ensure no plastic ends up on our plates in the 1st place. In the future, Research Just wants to work on ways to remove it from contaminated organisms until then they would find it straightforward via rationally, it would probably be best to avoid nano and mike cray, plastics not would have many Positive Side effects. So those people on the environment, but plastic use is on the right. As this, its important tree consumption by food. Clean Drinking Water is scarce in many places on earth. The drive to tap new sources has let us to drill ever deeper wells. In some places, fall collection is an option and Others Energy intensive dissemination. Plants turn see water. Fresh purification systems are elaborate and expensive to operate. But as all the water we consume have to be the same, high quality, for instance, does water used to irrigate fields have to be as clean as the tap water . First bounce this field of feed, cool, and looks much like any other thoughts. Its actually an irrigation experiment that could pioneer war 2, recycling methods in gemini and elsewhere. And its treated wastewater is being used in agriculture as yet to an unknown practice for jim and thomas. But one that could soon be vital for the region south of funding. The soil here has become particularly dry just in my god sky and there was no significant rain fall in may gain more. Now already assuming 20 percent crop losses or most of may all the way up until the middle of june. So 6 weeks at all, it was far too dry. Niko, who it is toms must have moved it to naples, gross, and stability, nutrient transport and photo synthesis. The last few days of june, at least so some rain. But the pharma comp, really easy. One of the around gets right, gets hard. That means the long dry spell is still visible and hes comb plants with the this will to back here. You can see this plants rude system, but its clearly too small. Is that in the lateral roads here should already be longer and penetrate deeper and the teaser we keep talking. Id say the soil is compact due to the dry spell continue. This corn plant couldnt send roots deep enough to reach the water below. But thats why its much smaller yard. The reason the site and the regular watering would be too expensive. Well, ground water was a sketch, results in the region, but theres plenty of readily available water nearby in the sewage plants next to me covered as cornfield via um yup. Well talk. We discharge up to 1100 cubic meters of treated gray water into the black else the river every day as well. So thats water thats removed from the region. The natural waterside color has lost daily going into grey will say, is treated wastewater, but no said drinking quality. Its long. Been used for irrigation in southern europe, so nothing gemini back could soon change a new e. U regulation with uniform rules went into force at the end of june. All Sewage Treatment counts in the block that comply and now allowed to divert war to agriculture. Of the project to you is the 1st in gemini lava degree will to constantly be sprayed onto the fields as it is because all the pathogens that are currently present in the population are also still pump even reflected on the water. Treatment plans can get a little town but not everything, and we dont want to spread these pathogens on to crops and farmland. In the future, however, just 2 sides of the plants, gray water will flow into the nearby with a wet gems of sufficiently diluted the remains that will be pumped through especially installed u. V. System here called us fossil, the grey will take the treatment punch arrives. Yeah, so it processed with you the reactor and then exits here comes on. And if i go to the field, its in this big, big no of the use the light kills pathogens that they were able to is still not completely purified. Most knocked out was individual drug residues can be left days of the this infection because not all of them are affected by ultra vine at night. And we can still measure those in the field of to its that 1st let the water flow. The trial area covers 12 hacked has in total old planted with feed cone. If you have asked me, then you have some time for the event will youre a gate, but 1st part is all the. The 2nd field will receive less because we want to have a comparison to see how much water we need to get a good harvest yet. Whats the and, and the last field is our reference on this. So it wont be irritated at all voltage thats, thats the threes, as well say, make it easier to compare pollutants levels because the new e u regulations require a Risk Management plan several times a month. Officials from the gym and Environment Agency come to take samples of gray water ground water pumps and soil home inst. Cuz im fixing who we analyze a total of between a 120. 00 and a 140. 00 parameters within the context of irrigation water, soil. And so onto the list is quite long if it ranges from household products and pharmaceuticals to pesticides. So essentially short submitting residue use in grave or to die looted significantly off to its discharged into rivers. Could regularly irrigating crops with it, caused them to build up in the soil test. This is the, the real question which was whether or not these trace substances accumulated in the soil over time in ways that could harm health or the environment shock. And kind of with any stuff we dont know yet, it has. And we assume that the tests will have to be carried out a year for several years just like before. We do know whether such an accumulation of pollutants or look are in the soil or not to damage off to being harvested. The cooling will also be tested for contamination, so thatll take time. But its quicker to assess how much irrigation helped clumps during the dry spell. Niko fluid is satisfied. A city irrigated coal and root looks much healthier than its normally regulated counterpart heat mountain and then contrast to the other on irrigated plants. It has a much better ball of fine routes divided the soil adheres to it, so the plant can optimally supply itself with water and nutrients are going with a Risk Management plan and he is to e u regulations. Every Sewage Treatment counts could potentially die, but gray with us to agriculture, in gemini alone, the potential is huge. The countries, 10000 Sewage Treatment plans, treat about 10000000 cubic meters of wasteful to pay. Yeah. Its, its research that could address a worldwide problem. Thats it. For this week, hope you enjoyed the show. See you again next time on tomorrow today. Bye bye for now the, [000 00 00;00] the, the ugliness is a virtue. Duty slavery. Thats the motto in italy as be up because the village of the late once a year, locals confidently through a big party to celebrate their rebellion against the colts of beauty. Its a thing of beauty in its only 75 minutes on d w. The why do we say there is never giving up every weekend on dw, how many platforms can you handle single tenuously without having the feeling that its just too much you might see me. How much can we do simultaneously . Multitasking these, the modern man. Because if we do too much, we paid it all wrong. We messed things up, risking brain damage. So lets stop this self sabotage, humans and multitasking watch. Now on youtube, v. W documentary, the, the, the is the thing that we use. Why from pilot 20 dad hundreds injured an explosion at a fuel that follows thousands the queue to refuel the cost of plates that go into a car box after as a by john takes control. Also on the program. Ukraine faces towards the show fish after based on this destruction of a major them with the reservoir stipulated, people are struggling to get enough water to drink and for that crops international