Cookies, please toughest in tennessee, the turns could gene editing, help us feed, the weld, the. These are living on your body, but dont worry, theyre supposed to be there. Theyre my groups and the planet is covered in them, and there are tons of them in the soil because they literally make fertilizer for plants. These are some of the only things on earth that can do this. We depend on swell for almost all of the food that we eat in because 90 percent of the planet so could be degraded by 2050 scientists and even agribusiness think microbes could be key to averting a food crisis. So lets take a any to the invisible world right under our noses and our feet to see what happens to so else when microbes get out of whack, we can look back to the 1930 in the united states. Settlers replace native grasses with farm let and then intensively tilt which kills microbes and degraded so after a series of droughts, the damage. So it was easily picked up by the went and turned into so called black blizzards. Millions of tons of tops, well, just blew away in what came to be known as the dustbin. Although farming methods have changed somewhat. So degredation is still a global problem. What we are doing the degree, either destroying the slow days and now not renewable back resource. Once we have been doing this so far, the living deluxe, the to actually use may be easy to use soils as active, straight to growth lie. Weve been under valuing them and expecting them to stay healthy, but towing over using chemicals and Climate Change are harming are so else. This is a problem for growing food, as well as resources for clothing and construction. So it was also key to storing carbon and filtering water to make swells healthy. Again, we need to start seeing them is what they are. Entire eco systems teeming with hidden life all run by my groups. All this under our feet is top soil, or most of the insects and microbes lives along with plant roots and small animals. One gram of this can contain millions of microbes and a few arms healthy. So i will have the diversity of my groups. The most common ones are bacteria and phone guy. One of their most important jobs is transforming nutrients. Every single new tree insightful on the planet is mostly driven by more. None of these cycles really exist in a vacuum by o into linked one of those nutrients cycles is carpet plants and animals. I mean mostly of carbon. And when they die, theyre broken down by my groups. No microbes, no d composition. The microbes use some of the carbon to reproduce, storing it in the swell, and breathe the rest of it out, sending it back to the atlas here. Another nutrients cycle happens of nitrogen, which makes the most of the air around us. And as one of the main nutrients plants used to grow, plants cant get it from the air by themselves. So they partner up with my groups. And we can find evidence of the nutrients cycle by looking at certain plants like these beats, which are considered nitrogen. Fixing the beams, create these little root nodules that become home to a certain type of bacteria in return. They change nitrogen into a form that plants can access microbes specifically from di, also exchange other nutrients of plants. They are very fine routes called high fee to intertwine themselves with the roots at the plant. The fungus is really good, it releasing things like spots 1st or sight from so we just have the plants to get. So it does that and exchanges that with the plan in which end such things like sugars which the plant can make 3 sites. And theres also some evidence this relationship makes the plant more able to withstand drought and disease in a degraded so these nutrients cycles arent working as well as they could be Climate Change as one causes of degrading. So else with drought and extreme weather causing them to dry out and the road intensive, agriculture can be another cause as pesticides and are besides kill off beneficial microbes and reduce their activity. The more degraded soil is the more chemicals are needed to grow stuff degrading this while even further this whole plot of land was intensively farm for 30 years. And you can really see it in the soil. Its super sandy, dry and degraded, degraded. So it was also lose their ability to hold and filter water are more susceptible to erosion and have less of those beneficial microbes, meaning plants dont grow as well. But so well, health is about more than just our food security, little communities. And so health is actually the foundation of all the persistence but natural and then is the foundation of something crumbled. Everything else comes tumbling down and agriculture might actually hold the key to making our sales healthy. Again, the same plot of land, not so far from the degraded bit years of regenerative agriculture have brought back a lot of micro bill activity. The swell looks completely different. This farm is a best practice example. No chemicals are used and the soil microbes, arthur arriving. Just look how beautiful these tomatoes are. No to agriculture, leave swell undisturbed, which allows the microbes living inside to clumps to thrive. Specifically those fund guy, high feet, which are important for file structure that can be a kilometer of them. And a gram soil and cover crops planted to leave in the ground, provide micros of carbon to chow down on as well as produce erosion and nutrient. Las unfortunately, this kind of farming just isnt possible everywhere. You can do it. Thats fantastic. Its what we want, that the problem is, the vast amounts of areas where the, the solar be subject to great. Then these techniques are opting now to, to recover the soil in your time. Heres where microbes come in. A larger scale the most common uses is bio fertilizers. They use like chemical base fertilizer, except they contain fund guy or bacteria. A soil degredation is a big enough threat that they are a company known for selling. I will. Cultural chemicals is also interested. They are telling me already to use in a most countries by the outside of this is certainly the and ill try this certainly help to reviews carrier for the buyers. The company is also investing in seats that have been infused with my groups because delivering microbes along with seeds is the most targeted way to apply them. Seeds can also be planted with a coating of microbes, conservation organizations are using this approach to restore eco systems. Is a problem with commercial microbial products is that the microbes are not specifically adapted to environment. Non native microbes could find it hard to survive, rendering the process useless. And because these are living organisms, they could cause an imbalance and the micro biome disease, something we, we really asked to taking cost of duration specially a we do apologize because they, they spread faster and they, im always do change the size. Even bayard grease because they are it doesnt necessarily need the automatically on the whole, since sales are different around the world. We would ideally develop microbial products for specific regions, but that will take time and more research. Unfortunately, our soil health is an emergency. We are going to need it because we actually cover sort of thing the seas and cheapest way to to recover is because we are covering them while we are maintain productivity. So for large firms, bio fertilizers are a step above chemicals and where possible. Agriculture that relies on helping native make groups like on this farm is the way to go. The an eggplant, hobbies not far from the tennessee and capitol hill on his one and a half heck, to as of land. Sunday mazda agreed farms, fruits and vegetables his heels, a smaller than they are when he uses infinite or genetically modified seats. But he still prefers local seats. The most isnt the here, they dont look particularly good have to cause sometimes theyre small and forgetting in metal, they produce better quality fruits or nutrition and taste to your home and better adapted to our climate. Talk to him when he avoids onto visual fertilizes as well, and profess to make his own come fast. How long . Definitely for you assume that were trying to produce our own organic fertilizer. How does when the method in the 1st with i use the chicken excrement . I do because it has a lot of nitrogen and the bottom 3 years, then we add remnants of fruit and vegetables that are thrown out of market leasing. He will have to tell us were finally we add a bit of hay which has a lot of carbon. The money has to me and we kind of go in and e, as in honda who the and when for decades tanisha is government both both hybrid and genetically engineered seeds. They are meant to produce great t hills. The country still imports around 85 percent of it saves today, but increasing numbers of farmers one to return to using local seats continued. Your sweet bank has been able to help them. They found agencies from to news here in other countries which they brought back. Since 2008, theyve connected more than 7700 different c types because they, it was only 2 companies. The work were doing today focuses on genes. As well as what gina types impact crop qualities that the and whether or not these traits fit a particular criteria, not specific. Immediately z o we might be able to use them for cross pollination voltage which would in turn loss the lead to improved yields a o l. All mails to help best of mocking these products. So lean most of glee goes to phase on a regular basis. They, they focus on investments and Technological Developments in solving this is logan, is sustainable agriculture, which is the grubbing trend into easier as well as the farmers, local seeds are known for the unique taste and health benefits. These are the scenes our grandparents were familiar with who were showing they always found the best ones and passed them on. Its an inheritance theyve passed on to us Young Farmers every year they gather the best seats. 2 certainly most of gooey is fortunate to live so close to the capital. So you can market these products have lots of different places, including and Sustainable Farming events, insurance, organic farmers can sell that goods here once a week. So once i do multiple money, a money, were fighting for independent Food Production on multiple fronts, on the bicycle and the money were trying to get farmers together seats to accomplish what with the bishop at the same time, were trying to produce more seeds together with our partners who have money, im on new boston avenue in my fund to how theyre also doing our best to educate farmer and show them how they can contact clients directly. And that is a for via social media. And it was a dollar system down american were based on my lobbies the organization hopes that more people will use traditional local seats as alternatives to implemented ones. Certainly most of who a has started collecting his own like these excellencies us from the wow. Youve been with who have grown aware of the Important Role that local seeds play and im using that knowledge. No, i mean the demand for the original seats has risen and the prices have gone up along with it. When they, which seat sellers are taking advantage of a heavy be i have to monitor the seed should really be available to all farmers money. I mean the fluids blocks, its going with the best Case Scenario would be farmers obtaining and reproducing them themselves and he passed it on the the strategy has worked well with the ag plans. And now the found the hopes it will be just as fruitful with these other crops. And also with an eye on the west and in drought in the country, he says, traditional said sped back to the important varieties, the we started improving plans by cross breeding. The best variety is the 1st records of human selecting, sanction grass, and we think back 10000 years since then. Weve multiplied corn we rice and sewing yields by several times and read them to something which would probably be hard to identify from one of the early settlers back then. For example, do you know what this is . Today . It looks like this doesnt seem like a close relative test. It in the past decades yields have skyrocketed to feed an ever increasing population. We did not stop at just multiplying yields our excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and the ongoing conversion of sense if ecosystems to crop land have degraded 40 percent of fertile styles globally. Whats more, the Climate Crisis is forecast to reduce harvest. The problem is we actually need to produce more, but without using more land and more resources is a 50 percent gap between the food produce today and what we need in 2050 just, just to feed people out of quickly. If everyone became a vegetarian, we could produce enough sustainably. But that doesnt look like you dont happen any time soon. If we just stick at the current, you wait and say it was great, just going to power shops on the back and move on. And then the only way that we would meet those needs is to expand the culture frontier even further. Which means sort of good bye to the remaining natural ecosystems. Scientists are designing climate resilient super crops that might produce higher yields and need fewer resources to grow. They want to speed up the process by changing the plants. Genetic code with genome editing, such as with rice, a drought is a big issue. It is brutal down there throughout emergency unprecedented droughts and heat waves have put forth a scarcity into shop focus. Thats a problem for rice of thursday, crop used to being soaked. A new breed might help in the future. This for right, i are. 64 is mostly grown in the global south, but its eating worldwide. Scientists tweak its genes to make it more drug resistant. The new rice uses up to 40 percent less water and some weeks, while the conventional varieties did not survive a week without water in 40 degree heat, half of the gene edited plants. Data. Scientists did this by instructing a naturally occurring gene in the plan to be more powerful. This gene helps reduce the number and size of the plants pores which are responsible for gas and water exchange. Fuel were in smaller pores meant the plant saved water yields increased or remain the same. The method they used here is called crisper cash 9, also known as genetic scissors or genome editing. It is fundamentally different to traditional genetic modifications or gm technologies. It relies actually on natural processes, but it makes the mutation process much less random. Most vm products contain a synthetic gene or a gene from another organism inserted into the plant or animal of interest insect resistant cotton. And these, for example, chrome widely around the world contain a gene originally found in bacteria. Instead of using foreign dna, gene editing makes changes in the characteristics of any organism using the information present in its own genetic code using special enzymes, working like scissors, we can delete, swap or repeat genes present in the plants. Do you name . It will take many dozens of generation until you have only this one gene transfer to buy crossing and then often will not be very viable because to what just take too long. So the genome added thing is really super powerful because it can go in the single gene, change it and pull it up. It takes 7 to 15 years to get across bread plant with the desired trait, with gene editing just a couple of months. Plus a few years of testing globally, gene editing researches speeding up from only a couple of packets filed in 2011 to about 2000 patents in 2019 by private companies and public researches. The us, china, and multi nationals are investing heavily in the technology which is expected to develop into a multi 1000000000. 00 market by the end of the decade. Its risky, especially as many new prep for right. And these are still in the Research Phase and little data and few risk assessments exist. We cannot then have to see what happens in nature. Its oh, im certain. And it could be really experimentation that well, well be far ahead of the sites assigned to and have to catch some experts point 2 cases of, of target genetic changes or cases of deleting much more Genetic Information than intended. Additionally, genes involved in increasing yields and some type of drought could decrease yields, in which years. And as there is a large number of genes involved, turning one or 2 genes on or off is mostly not enough here. The less optimize the crop, the easier it is to improve. Thats why experts, the most potential in quickly developing old varieties that havent been part of Industrial Production so far, such as mill it, you 20 we or menu, which already have stronger defenses against the time it relates to challenges. But where breeding is still in its infancy. So i dont want to take anything off the tape. The challenge is so sick and if can, i dont want to take crush, but technology dont, i dont want to take shifting diet, so i dont want to take restoration or additional. Its all of these things. You genetically edited prompts or labeled g m and therefore heavily regulated. But there was increasing discussion about whether the gm label is still appropriate, or the genome editing should be considered a new breeding method, instead of classic genetic manipulation to give the us china and many latin american countries. Genome edited crops dont need to be labeled or controlled as g m. And the sector plans to bring several crops to the fields in the coming years. As highly advanced as genome editing methods may be conventional breeding will remain as important. Neither will be able to make up for the huge burden we currently put on our ecosystems. But theyll probably fill the food gap in the future. The who uh who, who. Yeah. Mm hm. By the name of your. Yeah, ive seen the key some by that ancient cause these folk song describes the blows born between humanity and nature. No, i see richard johnnie where it belongs to the 50 or so families who live here in the mountains of cheat up lindsey in northeast in the us. Make on yesterday for my the song asks me to hook it. Like the wind lands blowing among the flower bed. So so, so dont make it by making them can hold him. Can you come all these are garlic, china along which we eat about in ship long . This is why i was. And then we have barnabees, which we cultivate. Were going put them come a long time. Were going to nail, slept during the month of september, and october, how come get ready to have it so when i and because of it by not to bottom on the edge of a lot like you know, but when youre cutting them so i dont mean to hack and re johnnys home. Village of nobody else is remote, and anyone who wants to visit has to escape 2 and a half 1000 steps. The inhabitants here are an Indigenous People to their produce to real life. They make an important contribution to biodiversity. 3 quarters of migalia as far as that. So people here go their crops among the wide cheese and shops. Agro ecologist got the good works for the ne, slow food and agro biodiversity society, or the next task for shocked. The n g o wants to preserve the agents traditional got to duration nutritional practices. So if we look at the, with the indigenous communities have manage the a foot system, you will see a component of diversity where you will see there is in the system in the of the system. Theres multi cropping. Were a variety of grubs see if we do uh, to a mapping exercises. We have found that a community have about more than 202. 00 foot loans just a few years ago. There was more diversity according to surveys by in this box. But slash and burn florida is cleared and im increasingly heavy. The info have both taken their story on the soil. In the 1990s, the lucas on most of non co, started calculating dress to own a living. Its useful life still feed to make blue and fuel. But this mono culture has severely degraded the soil and the body. So football, id love to have you caught up with me. We dont. We dont like me a little bit, but it is a highly competitive blonde and you have gone long without the other crosses because of the damage i took up and finally got home. But when do i leave . Im getting to the plot it because its hard to move and lot one black, 35. Let me know model by as market price is for bluegrass rules, almost calculated more and more of it to the detriment of biodiversity in the region. This boss has launch programs to revise whats being lost. Like at the moment, the logo primary schools with these new dishes, are now back on the menu. Ottomans have been replaced by the traditional jink up in peanuts by fairly low seats and let us buy the comedian blocked a bunk bed. Jack, today im eating neutral out of it. Bump data garbage with bella seeds. No rice and wide edibles are fine. The whole world really days deep. My absolute favorite is the palm game. This is what the ingredients are supplied by local farmers. Most fox has also had to build a garden at the school. We do a competitive study of the local food with a government. 5 common to be available for an open time we, we try to promote that uh, the nutrition, the content off after additional food is very much more higher than to the food that we buy from the market. Miss not now supports more than 130 villages in northeastern india and with the help of the engine knowledge from the region. Agriculture in the mountain for it is becoming more sustainable for future generations. So that instead of the, its in the, in the homeless creatures dancing in the arrow biologists are exploring the world. Those fairly plain. These little ones are dancing with the 1st itself and calling on humans joining the w as a business. And at least i think the most of my country would help make Good Business decision. Was wondering when you can talk to say about that into in terms of going back home is a huge shortage off Health Care Professionals to now when they go back i might send the Young Journalist so important. And as we empower each other, the 77 percent 90 minutes on dw the sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow or bring an Environmental Conservation to life with learning facts like global ideas, we will show you how Climate Change and Environmental Conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can make a difference. Knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for the door and we dont take money under your mom. Hes not coming back over february 2020 to Russian Troops and faded the ukrainian city of coupons. It was recaptured. 6 months later, the occupation this hard drive under Russian Occupation resisted who collaborated. How can life go on after all the terror . Not everyone can endure the fear, weeks out every day. When rush start to august 25th on dw the the the, this is the w. News lies from the news you close. Its bass bass off the ignoring a deadline to restore its elected president to power. Sports is in the capital riley in support of the crew latest to say theyve closed the s