Followed by another about just guessing. Welcome to tomorrow. Today, the Science Program on dw, the can you still remember your 1st . Cuz you 1st date the 1st time youve spent a lot to get simple moments like those get stored. You dont have to. So the memory. Its one of the various forms of memory that imagine different stages of life. Im sick to different functions the, our 1st, the memory traces are formed in utero. The sound of its mothers voice is a fetus, is initial introduction to its Mother Tongue mind. This is right now, its very quiet today. Its probably sleeping very relaxed every other week. Right now its very quiet. Probably sleeping. We develop inability to remember in infancy. Babies can memorize the faces of their closest family members. Although at 6 months, they only remember what theyve experienced in the last 24 hours. By the age of 9 months, babies are storing memories for several weeks. And by 20 months, for a full year, the at 1st learning to walk is challenging. Whats called procedural memory plays a vital role here. This is a type of implicit memory that age, the performance of particular tasks supported by the bodies sense of balance and sensory data. It controls actions that we do automatically into old age. By the age of 2 or 3, weve developed and explicit memory enabling the conscious recollection of events. Our earliest childhood memories, usually deep back to this time. The development of linguistic skills and memory are closely linked. Language makes it easier to remember information. Lice to this house lies in d h to receive gas t i. Lets see the best out between the ages of 3 and 5 children begin to plan ahead with the help of the prospective memory. It allows them to remember to do something at a particular time, the basis for planned future oriented behavior. The semantic memory develops when children start school, helping them to remember fact i submitted, is there a pep illumination fonts and comes that phones on decal . Tooth . Oh, what is the last . Its always nothing. Im going to learning goes hand in hand with a marked improvement in long term memory. Our teenage years and early adulthood occupies a special place in our memory, the intensity and novelty of our 1st sexual experiences. For example, in short, these memories stay with us forever. Memories have formed between the ages of 15 and 25 that account for whats known as the reminiscence bump nursing mothers often suffer from temporary memory loss for a long time. It was thought that there, but que your hormonal balance was responsible to the scientists attribute another cause to the memory loss. The mothers sleep deprivation, the episodic memory allows us to go on a journey into the past. Its where very special personal experiences are stored. But starting at the age of 50, that capacity begins to dwindle and we start forgetting more often. Image stream, old age, episodic memory can be badly damaged. But somehow memories from childhood and adolescence still remain intact. The in contrast to the short term memories of old people, which often arent retained at all the we develop routines to give up range of break habits, determine 50 percent of all daily decisions means effectively going on also kind of freedom of time to make other more implants of decision the its just as well, we dont have to walk out a new planet the morning, so what to wear house and brushing teeth, or tile shoelaces . Thats why routine habits come in handy. They enable us to drink a cup of tea or coffee while reading the paper with so a custom to these activities from requisitions that the store in our subconscious and happened automatically. These unnoticed habits hauled wired into our brain and a kind of Energy Conserving default. But we also have routines that govern perhaps less productive aspects of our lives. Thats the of to dinna mode hitting the couch, grabbing the tv remote and some candy. And does the couch or teen is also embedded in all subconscious. It can be a tough habit to kick the jill tons can remember practically every single shes ever experience. She is one of the just a few dozen people worldwide, whos been diagnosed with height assign, easier. Name is sudden dates, and they will recall the memories of that day and visit details. For all the personal pros and cons, the individuals involved could be a listing for sciences, developing medication in the fight against our time as an dimension for getting isnt about our brain failing for scientists like on to be as pop, password 0 pals. Remembering and forgetting are 2 sides of the same coin. Much is known about the mechanisms of remembering, but he wants to better understand the process for getting the task here is to help. Brain is designed to forget things kind of believe it or not. Forgetting actually uses energy from that fact alone. We can tell the process for getting a cuz very important piece to go. Put says that our brain can process the huge amount of input that it receives every 2nd of every day. It perceives every thing but doesnt save it all. It completely forgets many things automatic when were out and about our brain absorbs impressions of everything. People treat houses, street cars, everything the if these impressions are retained as memories. Nerve cells that take part in the memory process have to be connected by the student abscess. But not all impressions, images and memories remain. The majority of st options are blocked by a certain protein. Then they cant bind anymore. This results in these impressions not being saved. We dont retain memories from the majority of these impressions, which balances out the state of remembering and forgetting. So heres puzzle to wrote this once to find out whether a newly discovered gene found in people with hyper type mystic syndrome acts like a switch that regulates or inhibits for getting these guys. When we can take this step or name a toad helps them in the process, its smaller than a centimeter long and an Optimal Research subject for the scientists. Its a model organism. The intent to introduce the gene to the name of the road that prevents memories from being forgotten. If theyre successful, they can test how it works. Their forms have kind of form has no brain and eyes, but it has 302 nerve cells. Thats enough to allow it to engage in comp, its behavior excess for how many totes can learn. And forget seconds. We know, for example, somebody that these nerve cells here, these in particular, are very important for learning processes. Other nerve cells are important for motor and movement processes, and thats why we use the name and totals taking this important. What effect will the gene have on the name . It towed. So im just using. Yeah. Human have the world, and now we can adjust the plasma tvs into the scientists, injects the worms with the human gene that prevents forgetting the gene was discovered. And people with hyper side mastic syndrome the gene transfer should produce worms that cant forget. The fluorescent material indicates the name of drugs who have been injected with the gene the. Now the question is whether or not these worms can forget the easiest way to save this. This is a very important step because we can now research this one. This gets nervous system and what characteristics they have after theyve been injected with the gene. Thats how we get to know how these human genes work through these. As mentioned again from the scientists hypothesis is that the gene that hinders forgetting, sends out proteins that become active in the scene. Absence of the brain, thats where the normal process of automatically forgetting is blocked. That has the consequences that all of the impressions and memories dont disappear, put or permanently saved in the brain. The, the researchers work with 2 groups of worms, the so called and treated wild types. And the glowing ones that have been injected with genes. Their behavior should show isnt how the human gene impacts the process of forgetting game is and go through the genes are there to produce protein these, this and this is gene is obviously producing a protein that leads to for getting to for guessing. Now we can inhibit this protein, put it in payment, we can do that with various methods including discovering substances that bind to it and inhibited vendor. So hopefully well also be able to inhibit forgetting here. How can we help this for guessing him in the discovery could bring researchers closer to tearing alzheimers dementia and other diseases. That cool kind of in 5 our discovery can contribute to treating alzheimers disease. How do we get to them . And this, most of them, hopefully weve now discovered a mechanism thats related to forgetfulness, not the one that leads us to forgetting useful because now that we know that, and if we can identify substances that influence this gene. So well forget, less untruthful. So thats the advantage of, i guess, a huge step for scientists and researchers now on to the humble us when its much larger than the tiny nematode in the last report. But its just as blind in depth. The biggest populations of s williams live in europe. The northeastern united states, new zealand, children in those places, not early on that the terrestrial invertebrates are extremely beneficial. They keep soil a rated and, and show that it has a healthy caribbean. Which and ton benefits the climate to what impacts the increasing drug task. When our forest especially on their ability to store carbon, its a question the researchers in switzerland ive been investigating for almost 2 decades. They irrigate the parts of a forest and compare them with dryer sections. To their surprise, significant differences became apparent after just a few years. There was a in here the so here is really black lock which means it contains a lot of carbon vehicle into so it, so now lets look at the soil. Yeah. And the soil is far lighter in color c, i think that means it stores less carbon. Then the gear again, and so it will go in. So i think it moves up and floats of the importance of forest soils and soaking up c o. 2 had been underestimated until relatively recently. This Research Just highlighted the impact of drugs and the ability of so you have 50 percent more carbon in the top soil in the year. A gated area. When stuff in the researches have learned that soils store up to 5 times as much carbon as the vegetation above dry. And the big question is what leads to such a significant carbon increase in the grow and over such a short time period . The serious that organisms in the soil combat the deputy or liquor layer on top to sorry, will carbon fuel, ecologist and kind of the one uses trucks containing food to identify those organisms the health. So thats the main de composers are earth forms in the living room besides them. There are also would lice and mites epic sign, although they play a far smaller role in the process than earthworms. So you can go, the research here wants to determine how many air forms are active in the soil here. For this experiment, he applies the mixture of mustard water to a small section of ground. If this is tied in for clear once the mixture has filtered debtor 1st, where we can pick them up printed on from the old population. Hopefully isnt, isnt guns. Because here we have a very small newly hatched worm. Excuse me, a baby and baby will come to a total of 50 swarms per square meter when projected to cover all forest cycles. Thats an enormous bio mass. So the s williams must be quantity. The carbon content has increased so much. And the irritated section of the forest, the chief of scientists repeats the test and the parts of the forest that was not federal gated. How many worms are working . The soil here. Tell not, wait, wait an ages without seeing a single word. And one of he discovered that s ones are no longer active with the water content of below 20 percent to determine the exact carbon balance. He measures c o 2 emissions from the soil the mass on the measuring the c o 2 balance shows the dry soils bind much less c o 2 and then here again, and so i ordered the fuel and this is due to less carbon, being distributed by earth worms in the top soil and stuff which we can go on. I dont live on silicon. But as the large scale irrigation of can you, through this forest is not a viable solution. Finding how good doing is looking for alternatives. And nature delivers here to a comparison test he conducted showed that 20 times as many earthworms live into such as forest as in conduct for this ones a result that suggests a change of course and forestry management. The detail twice by storing more carbon, would require increasing the proportion of hardwoods. So this would stimulate earthworm activity. Meeting more carbon is stored in the organic soil layer in the long term when soft, the homeless escalate. More organic soil or shoes could also increase the proportion of carbon and soil and agriculture. Scientists from the German Center for integrative biodiversity and light sake fund that next new 2 arms are active and intensively fund soils. Its a very different story with organic farming. When you have you got to off, when you break up the aggregates here in the ground, you can see that despite the soil being so dry, theres still a little bit of water, okay. Call. And that crumbling texture is characteristic of cruise, warm activity looks. This kind of decisions. So things im looking 102. 00 most is the largest carbon reservoir on land. But theres being precious Little Research carried out into the role of f forms in this a reset to get it. I just wants to find out how they can vac dead plants matter, and the sugar that contains in the process, storing carbon in the soil for centuries, is discovered that in addition to secrete things stable carbon as forms and prove the carbon balance in the soil via their skin so we never counselors, whats less known for what was not known at all is that the mucus secreted by years were indeed stimulates the microbes in this oil to such a degree that they grow and build up bio mass. And this bio mass on thats ultimately stabilized into so when the microbes die collapsed, the carbon has been bound in this oil and can no longer be emitted a c o 2 resulting in a cooler Climate Group every year about 10 times more c o 2 escapes from cycles into the atmosphere, and its produced by learning fossil fuels performs, and hybrid forrest and organic farming helped to store carbon over the long term. The unlikely little helpers in the fight against climate change. To. Thats a nice specimen. Climate change means that species traditionally at home in the south, a migrating further and further north, the procession very most as native to southern and central europe, but is now also spreading to germany and sweden. The castle put his vault has can cause serious invitation for human skin responses range from cutting down trees to assessing the mess and the host is on fire. The spraying of pesticides is also widespread, but this is a progressive solution even if it might not. Additionally look like it dennis a car use is pulling out the big guns to get rid of some little passed from a suitable distance, the fires into the nest of the oak procession, every caterpillars next to an outdoors swimming pool. The idea is to introduce a deadly fungus to the nest via these reg gelatin balls. They were created by scientists from the university of applied sciences in getting and are being tested in the field today. Of those causes meat on me. Lets play from 30 meters away. The fungus spreads out about the size of affairs. I guess the nets are bigger than that, so we need one or 2 shots to cover the whole mess with this. Like we 1st look at the tips of the leaves and once we found areas that have been eaten, we track down and asked by following them towards the trunk of. The red balls contain bavaria bussey on a of fungus that spreads inside the insect and kills them, were not able to run. The professor was gone. Who has spent years researching the various methods of combating the pesky oak procession . Every caterpillar is favorite is firing. The deadly fungus, directly into the nest that co, that truly support is on. And its a naturally occurring animal, pathogenic fungus, which is a fancy way of saying that it kills insects and have the, we extracted the fungus from the soil. I packed it into a ball and shot it into the nest of the old procession area. And then within the 8 hours, it killed the caterpillar students into to, to hold them up year in germany, the oak procession every month and has become a real summer plague in recent years. It has few natural enemies. Local authorities have been spending tens of thousands of bureaus on combining the caterpillars and even vacuuming them up. Di, so put the search to noise. The real danger from the old procession every month is that it goes through several different life cycle, some during the 1st 2, they dont yet have any pretzels or set to once they start developing that 3rd larval stage. At that point, theyre very small and fine and wouldnt bother and adult human. But as of the 4th stage, they can cause caterpillar dermatitis and all the homes. In some cases it can lead to an end of electric shock, them a reading of the i would and even long problems with me because the hair is getting stuck there. But and how the end, the lucas, thats another substance being sprayed on trees, contained specialist there in jesus, or b t. Its considered a bio side because the bacteria disables and kills the o procession every month. But it also kills other beneficial insects. Was gone, the boy and his team did some tests on how the substance works. The shocking results prompted him to advise against any large scale deployment. It turns out that the bt spray also kills the few remaining natural predators of the month, such as each newman wasps and certain types of bands allotted for successful days. But the problem is that were killing their enemies at the same time. So in the long run, we may even be strengthening the oak recessionary population to screen off last year as test showed that for every 2 dead oh procession every months, one beneficial insect guide as well the. They included beetles, various bugs, ants and acumen. It was great. So is the rightful method more sustainable with less Collateral Damage . Experts from various authorities are curious to see the 1st results. This is what the next looks like. After just 8 hours, the caterpillars are completely infested and dead and were assured that the fungus is also did and wont spread outside the nest. That piece is van fungus is heat sensitive. At 25. 00 degrees celsius locks, its growth starts slowing down and it stops completely at 28. 00 degrees size. So if it comes into contact with a warm blooded body, it stops and growing very quickly and even dies christmas and progressive vertebrates separate. Its completely harmless, as great ones. Yep. It to you, you said, furnish doors. The pellets are shrunk directly into the nest so that the fungus doesnt impact any insect outside of the affected area. Because this content thats kind, we cant guarantee it that even a few unimed in, in organisms, it could be effected ink it, but only its very small numbers up and see it coming up on one side. One visitor asks what happens afterwards to the projectile is launched. In the trees, the im from hoping sees for me to buy a minus 5. Lets test it out. Thats why they dissolve and disappear, that they go ugly and completely melt away. Weve already done tests, of course of ever turn. I was supposed to get an opportunity to read. I munition is made out of gelatine and not plastic arborist and project collaborator, dennis a Congress Takes things a step further and wraps the areas around the nations with glue. And otherwise it gives you the um, full. So normally they go out to find food in the evening, and starting at the tips of eat up the skeletons of the lease. In the morning, they returned to the nestle. So youd expect to find a line of mazda caterpillars on the glue. But since we cant see that, it means that the fungus work live for like a book. The only real drawback is the red tape, german regulation stipulate that most gardeners 1st need a permit to be able to use the suit up air rifle in public thats it. With this addition of tomorrow, today dw science magazine. Thanks for watching and see you next time until then say curious, the the, the ship, your guide to life in the digital world. To explore the latest online, trying to navigate your way through the digital jungle. Get a global perspective, well be your guide and show you whats possible to decide what really matters to you. Shift in 15 minutes on d, w. Too old to be online. Thank it. In the known alicia years, italys oldest influencer she shows how you can be a social media success even as a great grandmother. Take a look here will match the really used to be 1st page researchers and scientists all over the world for you know, race against time. They are peers and dr. Or one. Derrick go to health, smart nature, the more likes watching it on youtube. Dw documentary besides it says to move on to the basic goals, testing the country with featured guessing push fast, even from their own families. I can be the one who use it a lot more. Now i will ask you on the, on the, on the slicing social moons seeking your self determined life. Lets go from drudgery and abuse stuff. Oldest 5th on the w, the, this is the dont use live from berlin, west for goes equal last comes up with a plan for new share. The regional block says its sort of that how and when it could deploy its forces. Amy cher, if cou leaders there do not restore power to elected president of my home and presume by sunday also coming up climate scientists, signing the