think we fully understand they the the king of kong of congo. decided that he was going to convert to christianity. became all forms all the 1st and he welcomed the missionaries from portugal. the portuguese were the only ones to supply products from the mediterranean to king of funds. for the 1st time they had established a monopoly on an african territory lip of the gear even the yosh easy one the more the gays arrived in a hierarchical society where the nobles in short ate more and better than the others dressed more elegantly than the others and consumed luxury items these all the people didn't use it don't go live with people to do so when the portuguese arrived with all these new items how should i put it on the congo or aristocracy when completely crazy it's not the should they became infatuated with all of us you can sense that the customs and behavior were changing and they did indeed change. the drawings of the 1st missionaries who arrived in congo illustrate this new bartering system. but gold fever encouraged the portuguese to continue their conquest. they learned that the a kind people's gold mines were in elmina for the invaders the only way to get their hands on the precious war was to offer the icons what they needed most slaves to descend into the mines. as such they became the empires slave traders. gold production which had been going on in west africa for centuries including the area of guinea. only an apostle sent to god but i just moved more severe and they are common goldfields and gonna. try to because gold you know. was born without error. it was a measure a wealth of the mine and they were after the gold of the what they called the gold coast because a lot of gold does come from the interior right there. the 1st triangular trading system in history was launched between tell me the icon mines and the congo kingdom european goods for slaves in congo slaves for gold in elmina. the portuguese used this bartering system to create an autonomous trading network. even people to get. the arrival of the portuguese brought about major changes including because they made the direct connection between elmina the coast of congo insult all made over the of the. infielder lets you know it was an interesting triangulation because the system that would thrive in the americas was 1st tested out of that region it did not imo. this portuguese crucifix commemorates the annexation of south tell me which would open a new chapter in the history of slavery. it was here that the portuguese would create the 1st platform for the mass deportation of captives and it is here that is straight forward slave trading system would evolve into a massively profitable production system the sugar plantation. and . with thousands of slaves disembarking on its beaches south tony became an island exclusively dedicated to sugar production. and many. were a laboratory because that's where we witnessed the marriage of black man and sugarcane. in the color size to to function well together i must say i will marry the black man with sugar cane all right in my view . the idea was simple the auden was transformed into a plantation where slaves within easy reach were imported. each year 4000 slaves arrived and filled this very limited space that means big concentrations. and so this was the 1st example of a black colony and a slave society and the model became a global system system global and so to me time seems to stand still sugarcane was replaced by coffee then coffee by cocoa. when they landed on the island the 1st slaves brought with them their knowledge of working the soil in the tropics but to this day sell to may remains one of the poorest countries in the world and former workers continue to live in the slaves old huts. you don't really need a sort of population for growth sugar. but to grow it on the scale they were doing you know and you do what you needed slaves because what you did during the harvest period was you made him work 14 hours a day all in all right into the night one or any night there were there was a moon you know that you just kept cutting all night long. or down with repeat the risk of injury increases so it was very risky. it was extremely hard work. something may is a laugh in various ways it is the 1st big experiment with sugarcane and tropics and that's what the laos later on the transfer of the sugarcane production in to brazil and later into the caribbean. after christopher columbus his journey to the americas pedro opened a new sea routes to the west the portuguese were still obsessed with the search for gold but now they knew that if they failed sugarcane could potentially replace this precious metal on april 23rd 1500 pounds ship docked in unknown territory after our departure from by them as your majesty now has we reached the canary islands and then the cape added we followed on sale heading west across the city. that same day on the hour vespers we sighted land that is to say 1st the very ram it mountains and other low ranges of hills to the south of it on a plain covered with large tree. petal covered had just reached brazil only to find no gold to be profitable this immense newly discovered land would have to be cultivated. this in turn meant that a new trade route for slaves from africa to brazil would be set up. to sent a man said look for slaves on the coasts of the african kingdoms and bring them to south pole may. and starting in $1516.00 they would start bringing them to brazil they were intermediaries devoted. to millions have the monopoly on the supply of slaves to brazil. 1516 ringback from south till may contingents of captives were now being shipped to brazil and the caribbean ringback the 1st transatlantic slave trade routes were established between the kingdom of congo. brazil and portugal. meanwhile in europe itself hundreds of captives arrived each year via portuguese ships. in lisbon black and white a stand simply lived on an equal footing they shared a common language and the same interests all grew rich from the slave sugar and gold trades among them german merchant and banker. and you couldn't solicit gonna be involved in the political and trade elites from both european and african societies local sovereigns collaborated with the portuguese some converted to christianity took portuguese names and sent their children to portugal to be latinized and study in the university of people. these elites became the predatory ones that it put a piece. on the west african coast the riches that portugal devoured seemed inexhaustible. in the bellingham district of lisbon the building of their own english money story was financed by the slave sugar and spice trades. the splendor of its architecture are testimony to an era when lisbon dominated the world and flooded other european capitals with its goods . electret you have to emphasize that this was a black slave trade as this economy was based on african slaves would this trade was the main income for the crown and for part of the portuguese elites the state was being built upon overseas income so a new phase started busker minute profiles that. with the arrival of europeans in africa the history of slavery assumed a whole new dimension. for the 1st time the trade focused exclusively on equitorial africa and the number of deportations reached an unparalleled scope and scale. whole. it's not comparable in terms of scale because for the islamic trade we're talking about roughly a 1000 year period a much bigger impact in a shorter period of times in the americas. have . her. home. in lisbon the history of african slaves who arrived in europe has largely been forgotten most traces of their presence were destroyed during the 755 earthquake and any lasting pieces of that memory were scattered when the city was rebuilt. in this hunting lodge a few miles from the capital a painting by a flemish artist depicts lisbon in 5080. the king's fountain portrays a neighborhood that no longer exists where people of different skin colors danced together. here a black man in shoes embraces a white woman with bare feet musicians play for a pair of lovers. a night of the order of christ in chains or in ceremonial dress africans present their wealth to europe smallest kingdom an image of an era when this connection between africa and portugal made lisbon the most important economic capital of europe. on histon can dois enemies i saw as early as the 15 hundreds 10 percent of lisbon population was black and it is not counting december this season but it's a real a similar offer to barcelona and. today in southern europe in portugal italy spain and southern france an estimated 50 to 60 percent of the population could have african ancestry. seen a case for little elective it's a question which all scholars of slavery of wondered about we think of what happened to those black people in europe or yet they don't need some say the figures are that big with them they melted into the. populations disappeared on their own depaul many of them do but it's hardly tenable to argue that thousands tens of thousands of people are underage of thousands disappeared without a trace without passing anything on to next generations which you know since fueled the new story out for us historians who work on archives it's fairly easy to find an african ancestor but for people's family history and something that they forgot or half suppressed. the novel. merchants went to round up slaves in the border regions of the congo kingdom everywhere the raids multiplied. and became one of the crossroads at the original transatlantic slave trade in congo the relationship of equality between africans and portuguese collapsed sold a lot of the game from then on from 50 nineties on became the most important single port the single place in africa from where africans left for the americas 23 percent something like that out of all africans a lot from the wound up going heavily to brazil which of course is the biggest area where africans go in the americas by far almost half of all africans and often brazil. was of those it was really an outpost of brazil many ways and it domino. down muscle devoutly maybe turman to that emergent should import $20000.00 slaves per year that slaves became contractual objects they stopped bartering with if you did it then became something highly speculative. so figures then amounted to thousands of slaves were counted by lots and no more one by one and even the language changed they spoke of pieces please define the slave in terms of stature and age as calculations were made in terms of profitability that he thinks. is his glove the this is more you have to use the expression slave production because within central african states and especially the congo kingdom in small states that had separated from italy there wasn't a slave trade strictly speaking about a joy you can go. up with a valid to comment so the system and conditions that had to be created this musical decision is his own is not like that here it was people from the outside who fed antagonisms that might allow people let's say free people citizens to end up in the slavery networks today yeah this is over best clearly done it is over the discover that. amidst all the traffic between the african coasts and brazil a slave ship ran aground off the coast of south tell me. the aguilar ish are the descendants of those castaways their ancestors found refuge on this beach for nearly 500 years the engelaar ish lived here far from the plantations and the portuguese poor and secluded but still free. they've made this story the bedrock of their identity and of their spirit of resistance to war. and all the ship came from angola. with people on the board. until. people started to swim to save myself. and at the door of the swamp to celeste the beach going on to the ship stay bring you know you. once they got to the beach they stayed there for a long time and. they eventually found that a family and had children. i think so to amaze also a laboratory for a new forms of social relations and for a new society because you have a society mainly based on slave labor which has fast majority of the population in slaves and where social relations between in slaved and masters will be very tense. unsubtle nay the jewel of the empire the sugar plantation system gradually began to crack the island was impossible to control. in the heart of the forest groups of fugitive slaves set up more kumble those places of sanctuary where they organize themselves into armed groups. the distance between lisbon and saulteaux may prove troublesome for the portuguese crown the kingdom of congo was reluctant to intervene in the island's affairs while the portuguese lacked armed men on the ground to defend their interests so to solve the problem they decided to manufacture them. to live in times as the. body if one of the fundamental elements of the society as a laboratory was the creation of mestizos as they were called to us part of a concerted plan devised by the portuguese ranks corps needless the portuguese such a cross for white men with black women now to create a mixed race population was proper status for 2 years the population where according to the texts of the time of the white fathers would transfer portuguese values to their mixed race children meet that the law of the 2 years this and yes the aim was to create a group within society who could defend white portuguese interests on south tom they was in 3 years says. the 2 years. when really we often completely forget that interbreeding stemmed from violence very often these children were the product of rape or relations between master and slave. in a letter addressed to the king salah to a maze administrator by an artist a good idea explained how he intended to use these mixed race children the empire's bastards. many settlers have children with their slaves and if your highness granted freedom to a few of them they would be allowed to live as free citizens. as they are no other free children they would remain free of the service of god and of your highness. crossing white men with black women and so to me the mixed race individuals fathered by portuguese men were a separate group called the sons of the land by defending the crown's interests they became crucial figures in the slave system. the future sons of the lab had no secure position in the country and would therefore live off this trade network which brought them well that gave them authority like that of the portuguese invisibility to say the they too were children of the country mrs reagan was in his office. we mustn't see this just as a black and white issue picked locked in the 16th century maybe later but not at that time it wasn't about race it was about the economy money. with my grandfather also had slaves they were black and slaves that they were slave flutters to. and they had that enslaves themselves the inventors i live the story it's in my blood i know. a lot of the poor as in the city. as demand mushroom and the sons of the land started kidnapping citizens of congo despite the religious diplomatic and cultural links between portugal and the kingdom. in a letter to his counterpart in portugal king i phones are the 1st told of his dismay and desperation. afonso i think was far more intelligent than alleged. when he's presented as a very christian king like he appears as some sort of byproduct of fortune. but he tried to modernize the kingdom by integrating the resources that came from portugal so you know why you on met the goal of the school so if we knew do you fault but he soon realized that his country was losing its soul you don't cloud your battle. every year sent to mainz reenact this 1st merger between africa and europe to exercise its violence incarnate all the roles where appropriate costumes a dance in which victims and persecutors live side by side the sons of one in the same family. the procession is called. and said to originate from the word tragedy. this is the slavery leads to societies that are constantly searching for themselves what do the lack of identity perhaps it's a vineyard life the symptom of memories of africa are so vague even for us until man's glued of about 202250 kilometers from the cult in the pooper or closer to the african coast on the antilles or re-union. even here memory is a problem. what memories draw i have of africa. and yet i'm black. in 5095 tensions boiled over on south. on a daughter a slave born on the island headed an uprising one of the sons of the land were unable to contain mills factories and harvests were destroyed. the center main experiment had revealed its limits. but the union between african slaves and sugarcane had been consecrated the portuguese knew that they could export the system everywhere one by one they disassembled the mills the ovens and the sugar factories and rebuild done in brazil. the key which changes the direction of the slave trade is the transfer of sugar as you mentioned earlier from one side of the atlantic to the other. and then makes the hop to the part of the americas closest to europe which is the car a bit. a year after the uprising a man or the leader of the rebellion was executed in public. the result of a large scale experiment between portugal and africa south despite the violence it was born in has shaped its own history and history founded on the whole roic struggle of the 1st slaves. to ensure the survival of their economic model the portuguese took their slaves with their agricultural insights to brazil. by demonstrating that the model could be exported to the america as they inspired other europeans to do the same sound to . stage a more spread of sugar. and in some ways it was. the 1st caribbean island although it was on the caribbean. in 1620 the portuguese were the uncontested masters of the slave trade 25 years after the revolt headed by our daughter they had already deported 300000 captives to brazil and central america and soon it would be the other european powers turn to embark on conquests of the new world with them the slave trade tentacles spread all across the atlantic and reached a new target the caribbean. an amount 70 percent of its forests have been cut down for economic reasons. iliana our man is fighting this war with economic means or her vision of planting the new rain forests and using them to generate income for those seeds are growing topical to me against climate change global 3000. and 30 minutes on d w. because. the scene under sea. karl brings some kenyans comes on disappearing and in the morning raid the marine conservationists are trying to stay ahead of the decay and preserve what's left. they are counting on the support of local fisherman. eco africa. 90 minutes on d. w. . more than a 1000 years ago europe witnesses a huge construction boom. christianity from established itself. both religious and secular leaders or to display their power. to trace began. the tallest biggest and the most beautiful structures. is how massive churches were created. the beatles starts april 12th on d. w. . ver. this is d w news and these are our top stories european union regulators say benefits of astra zeneca as part of virus vaccine outweigh the risk of any possible side effects more than a dozen e.u. countries have stopped using its off to isolated reports of blood clots the european medicines agency is conducting a review and will report later this week the. u.s. secretary of state anthony blinken has been in tokyo for talk.