Who is medical really what moves and also who talks to people who follows her along the way admirers and critics alike how is the worlds most powerful woman shaping her legacy joining us from eccles law stops. Fever and difficulty breathing are both known symptoms that can arise from a cold with 19 infection some people suffer long cold bit where they have extreme fatigue and cognitive difficulties but doctors are still finding out why it could be that the virus moves through the nervous system of people it infects thats what new research suggests. And thats research were going to be looking into later with an expert who. Then youre a logical impact of coded 1000 on patients but 1st lets zoom out what happens to the human body when infected by the corona virus we know much more about that now than we did at the beginning of the Pandemic Take a look its not just coughing and sneezing that are dangerous but also speaking and singing tiny droplets and aerosols loaded with the virus float invisibly through the air and are inhaled coronaviruses can reach the mucus membranes in the fold and nestle in there this is the beginning of the infection. Then come the symptoms but those arent that unusual for most people they might feel like a normal cold decisional a runny nose a cough the lung say fatigue was he high fever it can all be there the same kind of a thing as a loss of taste. Most infected people around 80 percent have mild symptoms which go away after a few days. By this point our immune system has successfully fought off the viruses just like this in a lot of cases with bacteria and viruses only in a few cases theres a serious infection occurring fixer wood but corona viruses can multiply fast spreading from the for old to the lungs. And thats how they can infect lung cells until pneumonia upset saying. When i missed we had to be ammonia occurs it means the gas exchange is disrupted where oxygen abduction takes place and so the patient needs supplementary oxygen thats by definition is a vehicle of a case that needs to be treated in hospital you cant last beyond. The body is supplied by oxygen via the lungs entering the bloodstream by the fuel light to the blood vessels and then it is distributed to the rest of the body complications can occur when the coronavirus settles in the space between the palminteri of your life and the blood vessels that can cause inflammation the distance to the blood vessels then becomes greater and oxygen intake is more difficult. When organs are deprived of oxygen breathing is labored and then respiratory muscles are quickly exhausted especially in the elderly thats when the lungs need help with a ventilator. But that can prevent the situation from worsening in some cases. Inflammation in the lungs increasingly henderson gas exchange. Fluid is gained from the cells. And even with the support not enough oxygen enters the body then an external machine must take over the function of the lungs the socalled akmal and reaches the blood outside the body with oxygen and then returns it into the body but not without complications. Isnt free from complications you can have leading complications and many more so this is really a therapy that you use when your back is up against the wall and only in special facilities but it can be a life saving therapy. But the situation can escalate even further the immune system then becomes the main problem triggering a massive implementation as a reaction to baldwin do you want to we need an immune response to actually fight the virus successfully with a min system can react so strongly that it ends up creating a bigger problem than the virus itself. To viewers and fix or. Defense compounds flood the entire body immune cells attack that in a world of blood vessel they become weak fluid leaks into the tissue and is deficient in the 2nd literally system your guns are no longer sufficiently supplied with blood. But while most cases my old recuperating face can cause some concentration problems exhaustion and muscular weakness and that tends to be more severe than in other infections. We usually see the postcollege syndrome in the younger people who are seriously ill with cough it at all or they cant seem to get back on their feet they are really exhausted and can hardly get out on their own. So we have top athletes who cant even manage to climb a staircase without being short of breath just progression to severe cases is now less common than during the 1st wave of the coronavirus pandemic this could be due to mask usage it may contribute to a smaller amount of the infection in the air making the disease less deadly. Now there is the long term effects of cove it on your body and that can include the impact on the brain so help us understand this better frank happen or it is joining us now he is the head of the neuro. Pathology department at berlin sheva Tate University hospital welcome to you frank now there is increasing evidence that sars cove to not only affects the respiratory tract but it can also impact the Central Nervous system what is the likelihood of that happening. When we know from one 3rd of the code 92 cases that they do suffer from neurological problems and this was basically the reason for our study well we are actually so how does the distribution of the virus in the brain and secondly how does it get into the brain now one 3rd of coronavirus patients that is a significant proportion means its definitely worth looking into how sars co 2 enters and invades the nervous system what can you tell us about that. Whether we knew that there is a virus of course within the author terry macos a sort of a coastal a r. And b. Method our nose this is where we do it is walking so we knew this is a kind of potential border for entry and we know from our other viruses that they use their cranial nerves for example the old factory nerves to climb up to the brain and this is what we test and we took basically regions from the also kotori macos up and we took different parts of the nerves and we looked into their respective connections in the brain and indeed we found with different methods that the virus apparently uses the old faction the old sensory nerves to get into the brain what does this mean in terms of long term damage what do we know about that. Well this is of course a difficult question i mean we looked at. Very severe cases that its died from codes and 90 and these hats at different times and durations of the disease and of course it is difficult to assume or even anticipate whats going to happen if there is a longer period of off time of the virus in the brain but what we can say is that the divac that the virus gets into the brain and brain may deceive you there even to regions which are very sensitive while body functions is of course something that we have to take into account when we make a diagnosis when we think about treatments and the fact that there is a this high incidence of neurological problems being sort of currently that many of the covert patients am half the virus within the brain but do you know if there is a way to prevent that from happening. Well of course right now not what we did is just to diagnose or to make this a diagnostic approach to learn how to entries and this kind of is to be done production in medicine and in Life Sciences research we 1st have to understand what kind of cuss cades are used for example in this case or from an anxious agent to learn about the potential bottlenecks to ben know where to interfere later on when we have something attack and 2 or to rip the virus thank you very much frank has never had the neuro Pathology Department at berlins sherry Tate University hospital thank you very much for your insights today and now weve come to that part of the show devoted to one of the your send in questions about the current virus our science correspondent Garrick Williams has an answer. Which colbert 19 diagnostics are most useful from an epidemiological point of view. There are basically 3 types of diagnostics that play a useful but different roles in the fight against covert 19 and the 1st 2 are for determining whether someone has the disease or not and the Gold Standard for doing that is whats called a polymerase Chain Reaction or p. C. R. Test and it works by amplifying tiny amounts of any viral genetic material available in a sample up to levels where it can be detected although no test is 100 percent reliable and p. C. R. Tests are very accurate on the downside theyre also slow and fairly expensive which is a drawback when numbers of cases are rising rapidly the 2nd class of detection diagnostics called antigen tests work by detecting viral proteins directly antigen tests are cheaper and they can deliver a result in minutes but theyre also less accurate than p. C. R. Tests which is a particular problem when it comes to what are called a false negative results thats when people actually have the virus but because the test says they dont they dont isolate still the speed and low cost make antigen tests important tools and scenarios where infections are spiking and and a lot of people need to be tested quickly and they can often be performed on site so sepals dont have to be sent off to specialized labs the 3rd diagnostic in the code 1000. 00 pandemic thats playing an Important Role is whats called a serial logical test generally called and Antibody Test which detects proteins called antibodies that form in the body as part of the immune response they can tell doctors if someone was infected at least in the recent past syria logical tests also play a key role. In Vaccine Development since they can show whether a candidate is having the effect that we want which is to prompts the immune system to produce antibodies. Now do you have a question for derek just send an email to feedback dot english at e. W. Dot com and type expert in the subject line or leave a comment on our you tube channel with the hash tag ask derek thats all from us thank you for watching goodbye and stay safe. Eco africa. They have a Bad Reputation but they play a key role in the ecosystem. Which is a very much important in cleaning up the environment and calling them neutrons and many species are endangered that the project to kenya seeks to protect the unloved scavengers that means above all talking to local people eco africa. Next d w. Lets talk about drugs. Its a huge business worldwide. We need one of the 1st Illegal Cannabis farmers in china. And pioneers in growing medical marijuana in denmark plus we want to find out is the east cigarette hype a lot of hot air. Made in june. 16th thats double. Closely. Carefully. The soon. To be. Discovered. Subscribe to the documentary. Hello and welcome to eco africa on todays show we will talk about the problem of Plastic Waste waste and the impact that could be 1000 pandemic is having on the environmentalists and now its in lagos nigeria. And i am sundra 3 no video here in company of the capital uganda a big hello to everybody thank you for joining us on stories we have lots of interesting stories for you from africa and europe on a range of Environmental Issues but fast here is what is coming up in a big. How young people in Uganda Business is about benefit society. And cities are preparing for the climate crisis. And why in a minute cynical walks around covered in plastic bags. How can jobs created for young people why arent the same time protecting our planet and its resources close to our country to a company weve visited and learning how to which encourages young people to turn their business visions into reality. With. Our house collapsed my only big when mother died from that suffered so i turned the post into motivation. I never knew that what im doing. This big to me and meant. I thought and out i thought discriminated because of my often falling sick from malaria i am now part of the solution in my country. 2 people each with a vision jono the beggar produces so for the sake of that repels mosquito according to the un every 2 minutes a child under the age of 5 dies of malaria. Even if im not saving all the kids that are suffering right now i am at least saving the ones that i can john merrick of whom is founder and director of the Green Business up cycle africa which builds houses out of recycled plastic bottles consumer and elevator are graduates of the social Innovation Academy all senior official says. Its located in the town of from p. V. About 30 kilometers south of ugandas capital kampala. Here young people including oftens and street kids learn how to develop their ideas into successful businesses due to the code of 900 pandemic only a few students are currently able to attend classes on campus especially in Uganda People are not prepared to Work Together or to present themselves to ask critical questions to find their own solutions on answers and we are learning that unseen are and thats why often not everybody will become an entrepreneur but many of our scholars as well that ive been seeing are profound jobs. One of the Solutions Led to come palo where Plastic Waste is a huge problem. 350000. 00 tons of trash accumulated in the ugandan capital every year and only half of it is disposed of. Much of the plastic lens on this trash dump recycling isnt coming here. John mayer we could do math pays young trash collectors together bottles that he can then use to build houses. Every time i come here and i do give some money to other people for example if locally all keeping our Environment Limited to gives me hope that even the future demolition will inhibit the whole of the planet that we we have done all we have protected from plastic with. Earth is pressed into the plastic bottles to make bricks many women work full to v. M. S. Business giving them the chance to earn their own money. Give him a says the houses are cool inside even on hot days his business has already constructed more than 100 buildings using over 3000000 plastic bottles in the process. Due to the coronavirus pandemic commissions have slowed but there is funding coming in from abroad we are revising Different Solutions on the way we can be able to survive as a company and weve also good some people who came along to support us for example we go with some funding from ikea and our 2 men that decided to support us and especially in the. Journal of a car has brought a few bars of soap to one of the women who supply her with lemon grass a key ingredient in her product before the coated 19 crisis nella baker charge tourists and hotels a bit more for her so so she could keep the price down for locals but now that they are hardly any tourists shes expanded her Online Business i have a vision to make my country a better place i have a vision to make africa hated of running away from it to make it a better place. If my mother hoping to see me now i know it will be proud of me. Protection and conservation thats also what our next report is about in recent decades ghana are supposed to fast track a rain forest it is a situation that is a once in Climate Change thats right sondra one local eco activist and entrepreneur decided to address the problem and reforested a piece of land by practicing Sustainable Forestry there he helped revive the natural ecosystem hes enterprise is not only a boon for the environment its become a popular destination for equal taurus. I have a ladys come forward this is a moment when in tin biden actually enjoys treats in his visitors to the intoxicating center of a long lost limbs grandpa said rather than to lie about the project facts going to smile like that for weeks as well and walking the Flower Garden which is quite beautiful. And its very nice to see that theres a very like this in ghana that. Others whether theyre hearing god or even outside of the country could come to and actually enjoy nature. It started 20 years ago when biden planted all his holding of 210 acres. He founded porto Forest Estates and initially just sold would put up so. We thought we could enter a crop with food crops and keep it going by. Selling those food crops to generate short term revenue except that the community and the workers kept eating everything even before us was ready to generate more income he and his team had another idea they decided to propagate local plants and extract essential oils in 2018 they added eco tourism jaring every 2 or visitors served up a typical kenyan dish that is made exclusively of local forest produce. One in 10 by doing is also linking up with the local community in belgium he has hired several locals as chefs and tall gods also work in his Laboratory Technician isaac could joe is in charge of producing the essential oils as well as Natural Cosmetics such as soap. Because up with. Natural salt from the forest they tend to have less side effects and then the really how did that. Very effective treatment like for my remark therapy you can really get a feel of the size of the room from the plant and you have no side effects or anything whatever the oils are sold across the country including in the capital across retailers theyre also provide interested costumers detailed information about the product. On guided tours visitors hear about the companys mission future plans include sustainable Construction Projects for their eco Tourism Business this is because we want to read a couple from print and that are a bit took up cost russia to finish. Off revenue we want to reduce that and all of our monthly friend. Wellington biden attaches great importance to passing on is knowledge to the next generation. Now our main focus is. The experience shows that i think center where were going to teach people what we have learned over the last 20 years this is the only way that we come quickly disseminate what weve learnt because its all about training and empowering people to also go out there and do it themselves in that way bidens projects provide an example to local residents showing how day 2 can make a living from protecting the forests. Now more than half of the population of nigeria live in urban cities like lagos and Others Organization is on the rise all over the world not just in africa in europe currently more than 70 percent of the population already lives in towns and cities but a growing problem is that cities are vulnerable to extreme weather caused by Climate Change in germany steps are being taken to protect towns on the heat and massive rainfall with the help of nature. These young trees fresh from the nursery are being planted in the new residential neighborhood complex in hamburg the leaves on some looks surprisingly green and fresh given how late it is in the year especially when compared to these beach saplings they are spains alter a hybrid species bred from japanese and caucasian alder with many beneficial characteristics nursery owner and explains that when it gets hot the pores in their leaves close to retain valuable moisture. We havent planted many of the space out there yet its new here a Climate Change tree a city tree of the future. We still have to see how they fare in urban settings my suspicion is theyre far superior to native species around the corner are some states alter that were planted in the spring the summer was very dry but theyre still looking good. Better than the endemic species here sort of. 20 years ago we started to say that were going to have to plant different kinds of trees new ones better suited to cities where theyre subjected to a lot of stress it took a while for people to sit up and listen to Climate Change just playing havoc with cities around the world one reason why many cities cant deal well with heavy rain or floods is that so much city surface is covered by concrete and water can seep into the ground. Environmental scientists complain that this sealing effect means half of all rainfall is lost compared to woodlands and meadows and not available to people or nature. Rain water thats channeled straight into drains and carried away is gone they can evaporate and its removed from the natural water cycle if it evaporation cools the air and we feel that has dogs as you can all the sealed surfaces heat up all. And stay hot if theres no cooling effect from evaporation thats one reason we get urban heat islands. An alternative approach can be found in southern brylin in a neighborhood where sponge city Water Management principles have been adopted here rainwater is collected on open ground and roofs and channeled into local pools it doesnt just disappear down the drain and get whisked away on a crew that is a geographer and hydrologist who works for berlins on Municipal Water Company think tank. Rainwater is a very valuable resource we needed to adapt our city to a changing climate thats what our goal is to manage and use that locally. The entire project takes up 10 tears its full of unpaved surfaces strips of garden and the roofs here are also covered in soil and plants lots of opportunities for rainwater to be soaked up and slowly released into the air or ground im offered to come up the. Rainbow to cvs directly into the ground between the paving stones or it flows into little depressions in the ground like this one thats why theres a gap in the curb. And that water is sinks in or it evaporates less benefiting the trees. Than had been set up his climate cops 5 years ago has heat resistant trees cant do entirely without water but it will take time to find out just how much water they need and how well they adapt. Using guns on phone its still in the early stages. When testing 61. 00 species of tree seeing how they fare. Weve been growing some of the species for decades so we already know their strengths and weaknesses. And. His nursery has so far raised 10000 trees new to germanys urban landscapes. But better able to weather Climate Change trees like the turkey oak and new climate treaty which is being introduced more frequently into hamburgs neighborhoods all of which should make for some pretty cool cities. Talking about 30 is one thing you will find homes are works of art beyond making us happy these are pieces can also draw attention to social issues like and bomb and so pollution in todays edition of doing your bit for the environment we meet i mean pressie of nigerian artist who do just that. Life like creations made of sawdust the material thats plentiful in lagos. To plentiful says nigerian artist. Its a sign of how many trees are being cut down nigerias forests are shrinking the artist uses the sawdust to highlight the problem mixed with water it can be molded into all kinds of animals and insects from spiders to big cats. Crying because
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