A virus spread. Through the town. And. Is called spectrum if you would like any information on the corona virus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast. Pod casts you can also find out. Science. How to be get infected with the coronavirus top anees researchers have used computer to simulate how viral particles move their findings show how far even the smallest droplets can spread and have blocked social distancing and humidity impacts the spread of covert 19. Their Research Suggests that the use of humidifiers may help limit infections indoors during times when regular ventilation isnt possible. Until vaccines are widely available doctors suggest sticking to the 3 w. s whats your distance wash your hands and where a mosque. The simulation makes the invisible threats visible could help people to evaluate risk of infection. This is code 900 special im Kate Ferguson thanks for joining me the United Kingdom has become the 1st country in the world to approve a Coronavirus Vaccine developed by germanys biotech and u. S. Pharma giant pfizer russias regulatory Authorities Say the job can be deliberate in the coming days the vaccine which has been found to be 95 percent effective in trials uses an r. And a technology to train the body to create antibodies against the disease but until a vaccine is rolled out around the world the usual rules that wash your hands keep your distance where a mosque remain the only way to guard against the virus here in europe many countries are still struggling to deal with surging infection numbers in spain a nighttime curfew is in place across the country. Reporter young philip shorts discovered not everyone is sticking to the rules. Every week and Madrid Police have been knocking on hundreds of doors to shut down illegal parties meetings of up to 6 people who are not related but police have broken up parties of more than 200 who are keen as a business student in my village he only wants to speak briefly and anonymously as he regularly goes to such parties so recently helped organize one. We just rented a place so we could drink and smoke inside just a few visitors even but that didnt last long honestly young peoples biggest fear is having to pay a fine thats why this place is need to be well insulated so the neighbors and the police wont detect anything that. Bush would want to. Who are keen and his friends seem unfazed by the statistics the 3rd of spending has become infected with the coronavirus at private parties police chief javier friend and this is especially troubled by the new Business Model being developed here. Bars that are actually supposed to be closed certainly do take money in exchange for letting people in theres a clear economic incentive for it apart from that we have discovered private homes that were charging entrance fees right at the front door and this isnt just about a few Friends Meeting up psychiatrys Diego Figueroa is calling for more empathy with a young people even if you support strictly abiding by the hygiene measures experts are starting to acknowledge the consequences of such drastic restrictions on young people socialites. Right now we have finding out that Young Peoples Mental Health problems have increased dramatically as a result of this springs lockdown and suicide safe increased by 22 percent so far and attempted suicides have even increased by 35 percent on top of that theres been a major increase in the consumption of alcohol in psychoactive drugs young spaniards are now confronted with new rules all bars in madrid must close at 11 pm and curfew begins at midnight after a year of the pandemic has message that the quality of life of young people all over the world at the same time experts keep emphasizing how dangerous partying can be in the Current Situation see if your damn ologist even directed you with and asked them to refrain from parties at the moment. Even so business student who are keen doesnt want to be forbidden from partying he says he can decide for himself what risky is willing to tolerate even if it means partying in private homes until 6 am for the duration of the curfew. Lets bring in professor lydia murawski from the science and Engineering Faculty at the Queensland University of technology in brisbane professor oscar welcome to the show youve been warning about the dangers of airborne transmission of covert 1004 months now how does that make you feel to hear the young man in the report we just saw say he simply doesnt want to be forbidden from partying something which i come truly understand that at this stage of pandemic someone can Say Something like this of course the person can individually take up take a risk and say im going to be infected its my business but its not its really a super responsibility top consider this if you are infected and you are going to go around infecting others who potentially died because of this its not just your personal issue now at the beginning of the pandemic the prevailing advice thats just wash your hands and keep your distance but you are among those early on who recognise that this may not be enough to prevent infection whats the latest research telling us. Everybodys asking about their latest research about is this is not about what was just discovered it is something which we knew all i mean sundays for a long time and seems science one weve been warning that something needs to be done in terms of proper or accommodations and proper record nutrition of the risk of transmission and its not just called not just this abundantly but all respect dory infections transmitted this way somehow no one was interested to listen to you during australian or internationally so when this pandemic came we really put all our what to bring this mode of transmission into ford focus. And were certainly listening now lets talk specifically about distance weve been told to stay one and a half to 2 meters away from each other but these small airborne particles they can travel much farther than that. Well of course if you are close to somebody somebody who is infectious and somebody who is a source of this mall particles smaller bigger part that goes of course in the proximity to the person you are likely to incur a lot and particles of all sizes smaller bigger bigger particles will potentially drop on the ground big enough but the smaller one will stay india will linger india like sink a boat smells cigarette smoke smoke of. Some snows. The particles from cigarette smoke are smaller than the particles we stick barrels but nevertheless developed by the us can stay in the pore long time and trouble long distances so its not enough to be a way that we dont have from somebody infected it can be. Meters tens of meters or even hundreds of meters away from the infected person were developed latent particles linger in the air and can be inhaled and smells are really a perfect way to explain how this works now the people who oppose strict coronavirus measures argue that everything in life involves taking a risk how do you personally weigh up the odds of being infected versus say the need to maintain social contact and a relationship with the outside world. This is true that every of us think involves 36 but the reste in getting infected being in a place where people arent poked at a very high and i often say for example this kind of priests were related to car travel or to jump into the car if you all had their risk of being in being having an accident off if you burst sent you would sink about this twice this can become per top their respects which we are taking or not or not taking so way no reason is. A risk which would you dont quite understand cant quite quantify your really have to take all possible precautions to avoid taking this risk and i certainly wouldnt jump into that car professor morocco from the university of technology in prison thank you so much for your expertise thank you for having me on the program. Time now to answer one of your questions by the coronavirus over to our science correspondent derrick williams. The expected protection period for a new m r n a vaccine how long does it need to be for herd immunity we dont yet know how long these new vaccines will protect people who receive them because not enough time has passed since large numbers of people have received them trials have only been going on since the end of july we know that that when you catch other coronaviruses it provokes an immune response that lasts for anything from for a months to a year or 2 both but weve never developed vaccines for those coronavirus so we dont really have anything to compare these new vaccines to or or a yardstick for guessing how long they might provide protection and to that the fact that if they do receive emergency use authorizations then it will be the 1st time that m r n a vaccines have ever seen widespread use and it all becomes even more of a guessing game but almost all the experts i read do say they dont expect them to provide Lifetime Protection the question of how long the period of protection needs to be to provide herd immunity is trickier because d it could easily turn into a moving target the most estimates you read say we should have the situation under control when 60 to 70 percent of the population acquires immunity through through vaccination or sickness if one or more vaccines provoke long lasting immunity to cope with 19 say say 10 years and that would be fantastic basically because it would give us the time we need to vaccinate large chunks of the population and trust that they wouldnt be in danger again for a. For a good long while but if that scene provoked immunity is much shorter say just 6 months or a year it makes the logistics of large scale vaccination programs a lot harder because in addition to trying to get everyone their 1st shot we have to also start getting people whove gotten that booster shots in in pretty short order so a lot will hinge on the question of how long the various vaccine candidates protect people. And not follow from us but the latest on the pandemic go to g. W. Dot com flask over at 19 i dont like the time for me in the team if that i can take it. Into the conflict zone with tim sebastian. Less than 3 months ago i would say no bonnie collapsed from a car poisoning my guest this week for most go is good just love me enough a member of president putins party united russia. Why is it that proces speaking loudest of the russian opposition from the risk of mortal danger comes. To say. Next. Month without a sign of the lion. The crew of 2 italian fishing boats. Disappeared after a caution with the libyan militia. They were off to sea to earn a living and got dragged into a power struggle which is about a lot more than just filling the fishing nets some gives. Him 60 minutes d. W. We know that this is scary time for the coronavirus is changing the world changing our lives so please take care of yourself keep your distance and wash your hands if you can stay at how we do w. B. Are here for you we are working tirelessly to keep you informed on all of our platforms we are all in this together and together making. You say to everybody in the states is very safe stay safe please stay safe. You still think we are inferior why all the contradictory versions we are not saying. But we are definitely decent people is that you are also part of the plot just real russian whatever i say it doesnt matter to you you just dont listen less than 3 months ago saying the vanni current figurehead of the russian opposition collapsed from apparent poisoning on the flight between siberia and moscow german doctors who treated him later said he ingested the nerve agent novacek the kremlin has denied any involvement accusing the west of mounting russophobia i guess this week for most go is virtuous lovely cannot a member of president putins party united russia and the lawmaker in the lower house of parliament the duma why is it that those who speak louder for the russian opposition run the risk of mortal danger. You choose to have and you can offer welcome to conflict zone. Lets talk a bit we may 1st of all about the opposition figurehead alexy vile need who fell ill in organized on an internal russian flight germany which ended up treating him said it was beyond doubt he was poisoned with one of the novacek class of nerve agents developed in the soviet union the kremlin denies any role in this if it wasnt them who do you think it was. Well many questions about that actually i dont think much about now well in any way. Do you remember angela davis she was one of the leaders of the American Communist Party back in the old soviet days and she was the most important american in the soviet union since she was the head of the Commerce Party of course no one knew knighted states knew anything about angela davis or not much so in the valley is an angela davis. First place we have a russian electorate hes he sorry we go for we have about raj of explorations and counter accusations about what happened to him mr putin apparently or as for the accusations i have actually i have a few questions to the german side. Question number one what do you mean by the recheck what i know from those guys who worked on this guess it is a binary guess yes it is composed of 2 components to liquids each of which is not poisonous 2 of them of course if you drink a few leaders or one of those liquids you can get some stomach ache this is a problem it becomes a poisonous nerve gas capable of killing hundreds of thousands of people when these 2 components are combined by an explosion in a bot. Is that we cannot we just stay with our what happened could we just stay with what happened because we received a but will during barras of explanations and counter accusations mr putin told the man you are micro apparently that now valley may have poisoned himself he spokesman dmitri prescott the president said he was working with the cia he didnt offer any proof on that and the head of your Foreign Intelligence Service citing socalled in direct information said western Security Services had discussed the issue of a sacrificial victim from among the leaders of russian opposition so implying that it was the west that tried to bump him off again no proof offered no facts no evidence but why would the contradictory versions coming from the russian side. Well we do not have any were sions at this point 1st of all would like to know what kind of you know poisoning substance was there we want to give us a formula you know what it was because we just dont know what youre talking about 1st place 2nd 2nd question you know when this pile was poisoned in cells very they pretended its a very serious stuff you know they covered half of the city with ribbons they killed cattle scruple who was allegedly the most dangerous creature on earth. They did a lot of noise about that when the vile me was brought into downtown berlin in the clinic. Where no person was evacuated nobody so was he not dangerous or that was not navy chalk which is capable of killing hundreds and thousands of people so what happened why you are asking where are the 3 course of writing the wrong person or by have i have the 3rd question as well now while there is you know it was saved by the russian doctors and of course the doctors took all the samples now while his blood whatever liquid they could find in his body you know we have pretty good doctors predict that they were capable of saving there werent any we have pretty good toxicologist we have pretty good specialists and nervous they can find anything in those substances in his blood this is for you to study it is here no was even interested in that so my feeling i dont there is no official worship of what happened in there while you have it we dont have it because we dont have a case in order to start it is some legal investigation knew to go to the court and present the evidence of an attempt on a person now but we just have no idea how did we just have we have we have learned that the only heard and so we can bring. We dont have all the only thing for his wrist problem or it is that frau merkel said that he was that he was poisoned we dont have any evidence of that. Russias Attorneys Generals Office made 5 requests to the german counterparts they got no request on the data just request that they have data from the military i do not expect German Military to be too sovereign of course that he was poisoned so if youre saying this to me it was this is all part of a dirty western conspiracy to blacken the name of russia or is it i dont know what it is just just ask questions to which i have no answers i mean said gail of rough said we have every reason to believe that everything that happened to knock down the as regards nerve agents may have happened in germany or on the plane which took him there why why should the west but why not why should the west bother to do that you havent got any evidence to suggest the where i dont i dont know why well there were many provocations against russia recently but. Actually we do we do not have the fact of poisoning here in russia he was we found no trek trace of that you know nobody nobody was poisoned in a plane which was flying in the hotel nowhere his samples of his blood absolutely clean so when he got to germany for some reason there was they found something. That means that something was not in russia maybe on the way maybe there i dont know why or why would these crimes that the west do simply driven by russophobia why why should the west bother to try to blacken the north of russia are you such an attractive magnet to the youth of the world these days that western governments fear your International Popularity is that it these days. You know for beer is not something new it was not invented last week or last month actually in case of germany it started like 5 centuries ago. Early in the 16th century can we just stay with the prize if you attempt can we just stay with the present please oh well we cannot stay with the present because we are living in a historic contests wishes 5 at least 5 centuries of rousseau for beer in germany and in the west and so when it happens or something happens in russia there is of course an instinct to blame russia or anything russia has a presumption of guilt in the eyes of the sizable part of the western public and of course of all the western media it just just the case it has been 100 years ago 200 years ago 300 years ago even for hundreds of years ago when there was no media but there was no printed books and the russians russia itself is done and so now you know whatever i say whatever i say well. There is always some truth in propaganda otherwise it wont work. But as i look at the western propaganda thats becoming more and more substance this there is no substance in it. Of course russia is is not you know. We are not saints but we are definitely decent people for sure the west also has a sort of superiority complex for centuries you guys thought that we were inferior it was also manifested in many theories concepts in nazi ideology and many other things and it continues you still think we are inferior you know better what is good for us you say your king as you say you do say you dont use an elite or any teachers you say you are decent people be pretty severe as i am you say the pretty severe beating of peaceful demonstrators on the streets of moscow last summer summer last year didnt help your reputation either did it was that really necessary where the march is such a threat to the state that people had to be beaten women men. Well actually i dont remember people being beaten him here in moscow but i saw some pictures from the streets of berlin recently. Some 10 days ago there were huge crowds and there was a real beating something you can never see during demonstrations of russia and these were really tough. Last weekend we saw the pictures from the streets of paris oh come on this was a real beating for a whole year we see the pictures forest trees of Portland Oregon from washington d. C. From new york this is a really tough you know if youre on what you are these days in gold of course all allegations here and there but they also know that when lease is bought it their police is always using the same methods but Russian Police is much more civilized than german french or american as i see it on television really really youre passing a lot of laws these days that make it harder for opposition figures to run in elections that was the cause of some of the demonstrations in moscow last year you prosecute plenty of people who demonstrate the Deputy Editor of commerce sun said the other day if youre going to become an independent politician or if you decide to protest against something you will understand that its impossible to do this legally why have you shrunk the space for people to protest or to make their demands in public why is this a sign of insecurity actually actually this year actually this year is quite universal because of the covert 9000 there are some limitations on protests as for the consequences for the people protesting in russia theyre not as severe as say in the United States or in germany now lets go back to the laws you passed last year theres been a clear tightening of the space for Free Expression march last year what us theres been a clear margining of the space for Free Expression. And i was saying in march last year 2 bills went through parliament providing for heavy fines for anyone blatantly disrespecting the your thirtys or spreading what the authorities deem to be fake news are you happy with that firm smack of government because a lot of high officials werent happy were that the prosecutor general had reservations the ministry of Justice Ministry of communications were you happy that these bills went through. Well i dont think that any regulations on demonstrations in russia are tougher than in your country 1st place. We study or all the International Regulations or the laws passed on this substance. On that issue in every single country the russian is one of the mildest. First place 2nd what i do in the duma i represent the interests of my electorate i would never vote for a bill except in very rare instances which would not be supported by at least 3 fourths of my electorate my constituency. This these laws of course were very popular in said russia because it protected public safety. The freedom a one person. Freedom of another person begins and for that the regulation of demonstration has been passed in every single country in russia this regulation is pretty modest that of your human rights the contras the head of your Human Rights Council me carfare daughter of said that arresting people for disrespecting the authorities violated freedom of speech its a big step backwards isnt it is not doing much for your partys Approval Rating according to the cia when the state polls your party is currently at just 31 percent approval so all the people you say are backing your laws dont think much of your partys performance these days do they. Are speaking about the ratings or the partys ok 35 percent of those who decided for them or for those for which party theyre going to vote that means over 50 percent of of the electorate and we have quite a structured electoral system with more than 50 percent supporting the united russia. With like 15 to 20 percent supporting the communists the same for the nationalists like 10 percent for for the socialists less than 10 percent for the liberals who are which are too liberal to unite if they lose the elections if they are not popular its their fault they cannot unite you cannot provide agenda they cannot position themselves as a russian Political Force is not why they cannot present himself as a russian politician he is much more popular in germany than he is he is in russia he is reading never exceeded 2 percent and i think whatever when israel can develop a new law now the russian as well as for 20 baron 3 as violence as his rating is 20 percent at the moment know about all we did of course of course but. I tell you. The there is no such independent poorly and cannot be you know my constituency is not in moscow isnt usually in orbit i never met a Single Person not a Single Person who would ever support nobody or who would ever ask a question. I ask a question about him or about the kind of question you ask because that is something of a non issue in the Russian Federation you ask the question which are of course part of the russian compete for sure you support the politicians whom you like and who are nothing for russia as i said is an angela davis for russia well i know the saying if you dont mind me else its not has and hasnt or not is more its its not a question of whether and as for her the opinion of or of the human rights whoever any person in russia you know they may have their own opinion they can express it freely as well as as well as mr in their while they can express his opinion i also mentioned is that president my meaning you mention was the only again the un has repeatedly flagged up the incidence of Violent Crimes in russia targeting political opponents is the un also part of the plot to smear russia do you think. You know how. Politics is making me too difficult profession sometimes is dangerous weve got quite a few members of the duma killed yes. Some of them were not opponents of the regime for at all you know that happens in america they killed a few president s you know it happens yes we didnt but you know whatever happens in russia it is the governments fault. Politicians get killed oh its the government its the russian government when you say how come. Then on your side there is a cognitive dissonance you just cannot cannot understand you know in general sometimes youre just talking to the wall in the west so youre a much me so im just a writer is not evil there is a cognitive dissonance of oh russia is evil of course it is because for 5 centuries we were told that they use evil coconut going to be not evil this only kind of is the new year only and always as i have said we have a presumption of guilt which is which is in your eyes mr nikonov in august 2800 the un committee against torture in which you currently have a representative complained about what it called the lack of the fest infective investigation into the killings of Anna Politkovskaya and talia as the mirror of an express can turn on concern at reported cases of her recent abduction arbitrary detention torture ill treatment and killings of human rights defenders lawyers journalists and political opponents in russia. But you dont share the uns concern about that do you you think they just made it up you think ask one more smear of russia. Well. Ive heard of some instances which may be considered to be wrong investigation but investigations are doing investigators are doing the best. Of in any case whether its wherever he doesnt matter who who gets murdered you know most of by the way most of the cases of political motives in russia have been investigated and. As you may know many people already are in jail in many cases including himself and others. So there are political killings all over the world you know some of them are absolutely. The tourists like. For example. You remember this saudi journalist from from the Washington Police can we stay with russia can we stay with this is a really really bad or you know there are some some politicians are also we are living in the world you know where bad things are happening americans by the way killed over a 1000000 people in the ruck over a 1000000 they killed 5000000 people when we dont try merica what americas they got. On this earth for a few 100000 people in afghanistan conference and thousands of people millions of people mr nikonov do investigators cases yes do you investigate their cases you know we cover their ass and we ourselves can question all right and we ask the same questions of everybody and what about torture torture us what about torture isnt guantanamo yes yes what about torture is another great mystery we prosecute those people mr nikonov according to the u. N. Russia has been spreading benty of fear in crimea since you annexed that in 2014 that report by the committee against torture in 2018 noted persistent Human Rights Violations that including abductions arbitrary detentions in force disappearances torture ill treatment extra judicial killings proud record or just one more slow on moscows reputation. Well 1st of all what do you mean by the United Nations committing a geisha or chose to meet and organisation of what of my special our country again 93 countries. The decisions of the Security Council are the decisions of the United Nations and that is what the United Nations is about is the decisions of the Security Council and all the General Assembly you sign their outlook on the not on the rules it events are very scary and since our inside inside the United Nations there are many organisations which are actually secretariats and western clubs close clubs composed of mostly western diplomats human rights activists and so on and so forth you have no representative on the your disagreement or no other myanmar is out of mind all reports on this commune are we have this same reports on almost every country. We can present them you know and producing those reports is a profession for many many people really abductions are altered to tell us on the real it is a real it is torture ill treatment extrajudicial killings well you iowans amenities are for the disappearance of people in ukraine for example russia itself 30 years of ability to rebel crimea for these things going on in crimea is that when you run into an absolutely russia is absolutely responsible for the crime ear there is law and order there and there are no lot of warnings of the you are not a quality security against torture not according to the government are part of that means they are producing fake information as all or very often the case but again whatever i say it doesnt matter to you you just dont listen to me because that for you is a cognitive dissonance you assure that is true you know but when i say that it is not true so how come there is a u. N. Commission on torture which is a group of you know of whom and you know do you read as you visit and youve investigated all those allegations have you telling me its not true. Of course whatever allegation whatever crime is investigated in russia every instance so that unfortunately this does not happen in ukraine where many many people disappeared you know and no one ever cared about them no United Nations commission. No c. N. N. No Human Rights Commission of the council of europe whatever they were not interested in that but when they have a rumor of someone tortured in the near you know. That that is a big case in my mind its a fake i know that youre right on here very well as is said many times i know what happened there there were really threats to the people before that but the situation in the crimea including the Crimean Tatars is much better than it used to be and were not are not it were running out of time for these charges are in the public sphere and this is my was my opportunity to put them to you we have the honor and thank you thank you very much for being on the program and giving us your views. Monk without the sign of life. The crew of italian fishing boats. Disappeared after a clash with the libyan militia. They were all to see to earn a living and got dragged into a power struggle which is a ballad a lot more than just filling the fishing nets something. 30 minute body double your lap. The trumpet ministration the composer crushing new sanctions on iran in a bid to topple the regime. But the strategy hasnt worked and the brilliant people have paid the costs. So much is the little point of the sanctions and who is benefiting. Embark on iran and listening. In 75 minutes on d w. Whats the secret behind this classic. Visit to sound. As soon as you hear beethoven lose your mind. Or the story behind the music. Was this for the ages greatest. Nation on the. Last. Beethovens 9th symphony for the world starts to simmer down on t. W. I was issued when i arrived here i slept with 6 people in a room. It was hard i was for. I even got white hairs that. Name the german language head not often this keeps me and they help us to make the to entrap lives of say you want to know their story the muslims her fighting and reliable information for margaret. Can you hear me now yes yes we can hear you and how last years judgment sounds that when you bring your uncle our mascot as youve never had to. Surprise yourself with what is possible who is magical really what moves her and want. To talk to people who followed her along the way admirers and critics alike how is the worlds most powerful woman shaping her legacy joining us from eccles last stop. This is the dublin news and these are our top stories britain has become the 1st country to approve the biotech fires a Coronavirus Vaccine that means immunization will begin nationwide as soon as next week the vaccine which was produced by the u. S. Drug maker pfizer and germanys biotech is still awaiting