Transcripts For DW Der Tag 20240711

Hundreds of members of the left wing Economic Freedom Fighters Group were demonstrating near a school said to have held an all white and dance party in october. South africas president has called for an investigation, just scribing the clashes as deeply regrettable the german president has taken part in commemorations marking 75 years since the start of the nuremberg trials. 24 high ranking representatives of germanys nazi regime were brought to justice for war crimes, paving the way for the creation of the International Criminal court in the hague. This is d. W. News from berlin. Follow us on twitter and instagram at d. W. News or visit t w dot com the world is marking and remembering in europe. 75 years ago, the trials began in that city of prominent members of the political, military and Economic Leadership of nazi germany. And saw the 1st prosecutions under International Jurisdiction and the 1st prosecutions for crimes against humanity. And also led to be establishment of the International Criminal court. I had phil graham in berlin and this is the day the major war criminal trial in nuremberg was revolutionary case. Against the beginning of International Criminal justice but 1st, very thought. Without nuremberg. There would be less hope of justice for the victims. Also on the day, saudi arabia is hosting a g. 20 summit with the coronavirus at the top of the agenda. But its the countrys human rights record thats in the spotlight. 20 presidency. The government of saudi arabia has been hard at work, trying to rebrand its image. And yet behind these initiatives and reform, the reality on the ground is that there is a brutal crackdown being led by the saudi authorities. National. Welcome to the day we begin with the 75th anniversary of the nuremberg trials of followed world war 2. A landmark event in history, it was the 1st International Tribunals of war criminals. Defendants included the top members of germanys nazi regime, who survived the war, and they faced charges including crimes and crimes against humanity. The trial of the original 24. 00 defendants last october 1946 have resulted in jail terms and death penalties. Only 3 were acquitted or a ceremony to mark the anniversary has been held in nuremberg inside the courtroom in which those trials took place. Germanys president frank talked about the pioneering nature of those proceedings. He did. And the idea of the nuremberg trials was groundbreaking, law setting limits to the blatant abuse of power. It was the foundation for universal criminal law and International Criminal justice an International Order based on law and justice. It was also the foundation for a principle of universal jurisdiction so that nowhere in the world, crimes and crimes against humanity should go unpunished. Barry white is a historian at the United States Holocaust Memorial museum in washington. D. C. A welcome to day. How would you rate the significance of these events 7075 years ago . Well, it was definitely a momentous historical event and really marked and nature has human question just so they have been lots of arguments about whether these trials actually served justice. The defense argued that it was wrong to indict people for violating those that didnt exist when they committed the acts of which the bellator accused. But he is one of the chief prosecutors about trial. This is benjamin ferentz with a different take on the potential for injustice. I should hope in and balance the scales and judge whos on the one hand. Im not 20 minutes. Oh, you know, i havent got a 1000000 votes that cant be done. Well, you know, reach out to us in a situation like this. So barry white with we had for a, there were french and british and soviet and american lawyers drawing up a vis procedure. Was there unanimity about what justice looked like . Yes, i think by the time of the trial, it wasnt a foregone conclusion that there would be a trial at the end of the war. Churchill instyle were still arguing for summary executions of nazi leaders. But the United States in particular, argued that they really needed to be a different process that not just another incident of victors exacting vengeance on the defeated. But a process that people, especially the germans would see is fair. And also process that were certain, not only to punish nazi, germanys leaders for their crimes, but also to prevent those kinds of crimes from being committed in the future. As robert jacksons, the chief prosecutor for the us at nuremberg said, civilization couldnt avoid, afford to ignore such devastating crimes because it wouldnt survive their repetition. And so the u. S. Argued that a trial, we give them the opportunity to present to of the world, the evidence of the crimes that were committed. And by giving the defendants to confront you dont want the evidence and giving the defendants the opportunity to defend themselves. It would be a process that would be seen as fair and what also set a legal precedent for the future. And why was nuremberg chosen as the location for this trial . Well, there wasnt a building standing in berlin and there was a margin of to search for the purpose. And there was the palace of justice in nuremberg, it had not endured much damage. It could easily be remodeled to hold this kind of trial and it had a connection to a prison. And then herbert had a certain symbolic value because it was both the location of the mass of the nazi party rallies and also gave its name to the nuremberg laws, which provided the legal basis for the persecution of the jews in nazi germany. So as we heard from the german president from valve these events of 75 years ago, i have had massive ramifications over the years. It in legal terms that the nuremberg trials for this template for dispensing international justice. But you could just tell us a bit more about that. Yes. The trials, after the trials was over, the United Nations unanimously adopted what we called the nuremberg principles into International Law. And so those who read that the 3 crimes that were charged their crimes against peace were cracked, crimes against humanity were violations of International Law that anyone who committed those crimes, even head of state sponsored before them, that the process of holding them accountable should be through a fair trial based on the facts and law, and that defendants couldnt escape responsibility by arguing that they had just been orders. So this, the trial was 75 a years ago. Do you think there is good reason to keep going back and examining what happened . Yes, absolutely. Mean those principles, the nuremberg principles became the basis for International Criminal law today. And while its true that its still pretty rare for the perpetrators of International Crimes to be brought to justice. I dont think you can find many people who would argue against the principle that such perpetrators should be held to account or that that kind of justice should be exactly through a fair trial based on the facts are. And its reasonable to question whether you does principles would be so universally accepted if the nuremberg trial had not been held. Ok, so now were in a situation where its all happened and were looking back in, in history. I wonder. Do you think when you look now at whats going on with the International Criminal court and how it exists, but it, it is often in helping in contempt by, by some jurisdictions have those lessons been learned. And well, as i said, its still stuck a long ways to go before those principles that restaff wish to norm berg are universally practiced. That theres no question that the International Criminal court is not the only avenue or ensuring that those principles are following his principles. They are us, its really best if possible, to try perpetrators in the places where they committed their cry. And then theres also the possibility for 3rd parties under universal jurisdiction to charge the perpetrators of International Crimes. Germany is doing that right now with some people involved in torture, systematic torture in syria, and also, i believe with the genocide of the city in iraq, a very watch from the United States, a whole course memorial museum. Thank you. Well, well as prosecutions are, were just a landmark in the legal history of that report. Takes a look at 2 people who were directly affected by events in new york in 1904 peter gard. Osh was 14 years old when he, his mother and his sister, were deported to the auschwitz concentration camp. One year later, at the nuremberg trial, he recognised some of the men who sent them to the gas chamber. It was pure luck that he survived but i followed the trial and felt great satisfaction, that at least the main criminals were brought to justice by the allies. And that they finally received their just punishment. Nicholas frank also experienced an unexpected end to his carefree childhood. His father hunts frank was hitlers deputy in occupied poland. Hans was one of the main war criminals dubbed the butcher of poland. Nicholas was only 6 then. He was teased at school at school, some kids made up rhymes minister, minister gas canister. Because i was the son of a heist minister, but that wasnt so bad. In other words, said to me again, nicki nickie. That was my nickname. Your daddy will be hanged soon. So i just answered. Yes. Up until the very end, the main war criminals denied the systematic extermination of jews. They tried to deny everything and said they knew nothing. But during the trial they were shown films of the concentration camps with the mountains of corpses. And afterwards, even getting himself was dazed. None of the accused at the nurnberg trial to credit for their actions. They pushed the responsibility up the chain of command. They said they only have bad orders. They blamed everything on hitler or himmler who were both dead by then. Nicholas father was sentenced to death. His and 11 more death sentences were carried out on october 16th, 1946 at the movies. And they showed not how they were hung, but how they lay in their coffins with the white and black stripes noose around their necks. And i thought they all deserved to wear that next time. Nicholas hong always carries a photo of his hanged father with him. And whenever he feels just a touch of pity for his dad, he thinks of auschwitz. And then he affirms the burdick of the nuremberg trial was just on saturday. Saudi, arabia plays host to the g. , 20 summit of the worlds richest economies. But questions being asked about how a country with such a dubious human rights record comes to be hosting such a Prestigious International event. The kingdoms deaf actor ruler, crown Prince Mohammed, bin sultan batteries came to present, taking to him as a place of change and reform. As he seeks to diversify its economy away from oil into an International Tourist destination is even let women drive cars. But the dark stains of his countrys actions are not so easily washed away. Alexandra phenomena reports on outspoken critic of saudi arabias government murder in a saudi consulate blogger riot. But dar we publicly flogged and sentenced to 10 years in prison. Paul, legit, lee, insulting islam activist login allowed to all detained for seeking the right to drive. Those are just 3 examples of Human Rights Violations in saudi arabia. The country hosting this years to 20 summit since assuming the g 20 presidency, the government of saudi arabia has been hard at work trying to rebrand its image. So theres a large Global Public Relations Campaign underway in order to encourage investment in the country. And yet behind these initiatives and reform, the reality on the ground is that there is a brutal crackdown being led by the saudi authorities against its own nationals. Thats the reason why european lawmakers are taking a stand. You cannot remain silent. Last month they passed a resolution calling on the u. Officials to downgrade their presence a patient in this summit, even though its only a Virtual Event mark to rebel is spearheading, they can pain. We are ask for the dont gridding why . Because an empty seat is not a good policy, it would be better to send a delegation, who is able to deliver a message, a strong message to the world, the saudi otoh to please the lawmakers also send a personal letter to European Commission president or the law fund and the European Council President Shall michel, we ask the commission for their response and were told the summit was too important not to attend. Weve been raising our concerns and we discussed further how to improve the human rights situation. The protection of human rights in the kingdom, and we will continue to pay off most attention to this question. E. U. Officials say its important to maintain dialogue and keep Communication Channels open. But human Rights Groups argue. The leaders must use this summit as an opportunity to ramp up the pressure on riyadh and hold the country to account for human rights abuses. They demanded that at least all the womens rights activists currently in jail should be released as soon as possible. After all, one of the themes of the g. 20 is womens empowerment of the people lives 100 phenomena named in that report are suffering abuse by saudi authorities as activists troll who spent nearly 3 years in a maximum security prison for campaigning for the right to drive a family has been campaigning for her release, and her sister, lena joins us now from berlin. Welcome to day w. Can we start with you or your sister . What is the last you heard of . So i personally and that are that i have any contact with her directly because ive brought a select parents visited her on the 26 over to lou, and thats the last news. The handles there that day she told him that she will be starting a Hunger Strike on that day. Because as to a new years of imprisonment, containment, she told them that its just too much now that she doesnt want to survive this anymore if shes not even allowed to have regular calls. And we dont have any news. And worse, even the human rights commission, the saudi human rights commission, luxe and mutes, come instantly to anyone asking about my sister. So were really worried. So give him out so that theres the master, give about background. I wonder why you feel about saudi arabia being in the world spotlight as a place host to the g 20. Do you welcome the attention this brings to the kingdom and your spawn . Possibly to your sisters cause, or would you rather see in riyadh sort of shunned as a way of putting pressure on the whole forces . I think this summit, the g 20 summit, should not be so degraded to legitimize itself. And i think its directed at the do is to have structural discussions. And if you have to duck about to do you night, stand and do curls which human rights and for that i think that its directed and that they have to talk about the human rights situation of the country. That is most of them and of prayer to be asked and to return to the release of the activist that has been leading the great changes crown Prince Mohammed bin seen to be revamping the kingdoms international image. Women are now allowed to drive and go to concerts and even attend a sporting events. Timely advances when viewed from a western perspective. But i guess requiring a significant cultural shift within the country. I mean, i think that saudi arabia is only its only that its opening up that its more doing nice and the country has never had so much repression inside of the country. So everything, all the great changes that the west sees our own, please accept my drank, think always counted a new lawsuit, for example, they allowed women to travel. And now let me go see in western media is that there is disobedience also. Basically, guardian has the right to do this, this and if he believes that his daughter or his wife, this will be him when travelling, then he can stop it in prison here. Same goes with the religious police. We see that there is no religious police anymore. But again, its going to inflame the public decency law, which basically allows the policeman to the rest of women, or anyone who he thinks is not based on his own morals. He thinks is not decent enough. So the red lines are not known anymore. Everything is very arbitrary, people are very scared inside of the country. There is a real atmosphere of fear, so everything we see able to resurface and opening up. Its only a whitewash of everything is of the repression that is happening inside of the country. Briefly, if you would like, what would be your message being to world latest . Virtually riyadh. I think my message is quite clear. Its not possible to go back to business as usual in saudi arabia when it imprisons torture is actually a resort. There is saudi people cannot be hurt any more of a their own governments, you know, its the duty of the International Community thats legit to my eyes is this regime when its just sad and so they have to speak up. They have to, to be our voice, basically because saudi arabia only dissidents to the International Community and doesnt listen to us anymore. And we think its a moral duty now for saudi arabias allies to this ask for their release of the people who have been trying to reform the country. Well, in fact, so much for joining us. Thank you very much. As of archons, army says it has entered the 1st of 3 districts to be handed back by armenia as part of a contentious peace accord. The agreement was brokered by russia which sent troops to the region to oversee the withdrawal. It ended weeks of fighting over the disputed region of which is inside azerbaijan, but has been controlled by media for decades. In september, as air force has begun an offensive to reclaim the territory. Well, under the peace deal, i mean, troops have to leave the 3 areas by the 1st of december and really show it has been to the corner made city a step, patika a cat and sent this report. Its a choice after weeks of fear. Now that the fighting in has ended, hundreds of refugees are returning to their homes. Every day. Russian peacekeepers watch over the process. But not everyone has a home to come back to her mother from the nearby city of shushi, which is now under control. Just like for many here to the recent peace deal is a betrayal. We dont know what we will do and where we will live. We just came here because we have no other option. We didnt have a home. I left everything behind in shoes. She a 2 bedroom apartment with everything in us, old enough and renovate i didnt even manage to take any clothing with me. My neighbors thought some of my clothes, one of everything. And this is what i came here in with a population of just over 50000 people cared the biggest city in here think they could soon be dealing with up to 25000 refugees from nearby regions which are no longer under armenian control. I have prepared several hotels, big hotels so that people can live there for now. While we Start Building more houses, that people who have come from the regions all want to live in stock on the kurds. And we have to explain to them this isnt big enough to provide for everyone. We have to send them to live in villages in other areas. Even for those who didnt leave. Traces of the recent war lurk around every corner. People in have gotten used to living in the middle of a frozen conflict. But after the most recent fighting, even that normality seems far away. Preparing for the return of his children and grandchildren who left during the fighting, the windows of his building got blown out in a bomb blast for now, plastic sheets will have to do instead. The 65 year old says he and his neighbors lived in the basement for around 3 weeks. Can still remember the fierce fighting of the 990 s. I was machine gunfire back and forth. This time it was really scary americans. We have to start over now. We dont have anything, we dont have work either but were going to do our best to live even with destruction everywhere. Most people say leaving is not an option. Even if has just gotten smaller, it will always be their homelands. Or us drugs, money factor of fires and its german partner, brown tech became the 1st companies to apply for emergency approval of their, coverage. 19 vaccine in the u. S. , if approved by the food and drug administration, it could be distributed by early or late december. The company said trials indicate their vaccine is 95 percent effective. And theres hope from other drugs firms. The u. S. Drugs maker is also expected to apply for emergency approval. This week the company said its vaccine is 95 percent effective in trials Astra Zeneca Oxford University Plan to release results of very late stage trials before christmas. And russia says its sputnik 5 vaccine is 92 percent effective. The w. H. O. Is in talks with moscow over a potential application for emergency approval. And that was the day after the conversation continues online after a good thing to the point is a strong opinion, a clear position on some international perspective. Such research is a revolt. If it can breakthroughs in efforts to develop a vaccine against covert nineteens, could this be the beginning of the end for the coronavirus night massacre and who showed up and will profit 1st find out to the point to the point that comes next to come to w. Why are people forced to hide in trucks . There are many reasons. There are many answers and there are many stories make up your mind. You made for mines. They will not succeed in dividing us. Not succeed in taking the people off the streets because were tired of the stick traitor show taking a stand global news that matters. D. Double made for mines. Could it be that there is a shimmer of hope in the corona pandemic . Well, a number of researchers are reporting significant breakthroughs in efforts to develop a vaccine. For the same time though, infection rates continue to rise relentlessly in many countries, governments across europe and elsewhere have responded with drastic incursions into peoples freedoms. A vaccine could end the nightmare, but when and who will profit onto the points we ask vaccine against kobe bryant, seeing cant demick under control