Promote them to vote. What we want is for the elected president to help us get peace back. So we can go back home safely. Hello, im christie. Its good to have your company. The number off coronavirus cases in africa has surpassed 2000000. 00, including 48000. 00, deaths, africas infections and deaths make up less than 4 percent off the global total. But the World Health Organization has warned the continent is heading toward a 2nd wave of infections. Africa has not experienced covered 19 infections on the scale that experts had predicted. But the threat of a new wave has raised fears that the continent is not out of the woods. Yet. 20 countries have had coronavirus spikes in the past month. And thats for a range of reasons in most of the affected african countries, the rise in new cases is coming from workplaces and family gatherings. And of course, we know that there are several political elections coming up in a number of countries campaigns going on and gatherings as far as is concerned. And some existing challenges have mounted pregnant women in zimbabwe now have limited access to medical workers since many facilities are closed. Thats in a country with an already weak health care system. They used to be hospitals providing says areas sections for difficult, but we called it now while getting transport to get to the hospital was a problem. So what happened . Number of women was struggling to give back, and by the terror there, even hospitals, they actually afaik, they adapting to lock downs is not easy or affordable for many across africa. For example, not every student can do their Online Research from home. They were fired forms. So every day, i mean the morning to go through on their way fail, they said they wanted to get a class and they get access to a very have to to cover up what others have and news that a vaccine is near will be welcomed as much in africa as elsewhere, although there await logistical challenges relating to how it is rolled out. I am now joined by professor. Yeah. He is with epicenter africa. Thats the, research arm off doctors without borders. Hes a specialist in a p. T. , me on the cheek and Public Health. Welcome back to the, to the knees, africa professes. So, africa has now recorded 2000000 cases, but, but i want to point out that france and russia have just the same amount and these are individual countries. Their population size is respectively right, 150000000. In russia, as 67000000 in france, this dwarfs africas 1200000000. So what is your explanation for the reason the continent seems to be doing better than moats parts of the wilt . They think you find my community, and i think its important to remind ourselves what do we mean by beat, eat in terms of number of cheese. If you get into more number of death, so definitely do number of cases we need to do take more and more of our now population using the different distinct that we have bunch of number of kids. We have a different bill creation. Do we have been mentioning that along and on . You have a population where to me, how it is around 20 years or less. What we see in cameroon, in d. S. E. , in many countries, which is different from what you have seen, most of the work in europe or in china, it was around 60 of age. And we know what are the people who are the most recent of how the c. V. R. Condition or even i think more beauties, which is not fine as much in how british ok, thats is interesting. You point that out because for example, in europe and in north america be the 2nd wave has been deadly. What would be the dangers of a 2nd wave in africa then i think beyond we, in fact we also have to look at the economy. Because if we have an important 2nd, we are, youve seen putin, youre, for example, next more first wave had on his part and concretely have to go to long term. And we know what the impact this has been having relation of population instead of dying from there might be affected by lack of resources. And some of those people are in their condition where he cannot survive. Ok, professor face said there is, there is much excitement right now about the, the efficacy of these vaccines that are being developed. But tell us about the potential challenges that we might face in distributing and administering the vaccine in africa just when you experience would be a bolo, a vaccine, for example. You know, during the 1st time we were using, the one i felt like seemed to be used under my it was 80 degrees and then we were using to treat countries. And it was a very big challenge. Know how to root out these vaccines. All african countries be different, you need to choose, reach back, seem to be to our environment. So we talk about the challenge, the courtship. We were out of go for a vaccine that can be transported, i dont know my temperature, but also we lead to look at if you just do 90 percent of if you can see for a vaccine, for a disease that affects people like us. When we look at how our drug is like one or 2 percent, thats not, thats not a lot. Especially if we dont know this. So i think africa would be mall in truth indeed, vaccine should walk in should be using our population. Ok. Professor yeppoon, thank you for that insight. Looking if i so will vote in president ial and legislative elections on sunday. This is a myth, is collating extremist violence thats killed, more than 2000 people this year and displaced some 1000000 people from their homes, the incumbent rush job, or is seeking a 2nd term and is widely expected to win. Or is main challenges is if in doubt gray, who has held several ministerial posts and was the runner up in the 2015 elections and boyle, who has been endorsed by former long serving president blaise kampar. A convoy is seen as a porous main content, but the elections major timoci has already been questioned, as the violence has casual fly out large parts of the country. Even people unable to cost ballots another day. Another early start for bernadette trying to provide for 4 children means spending most of her time here, but theres not much to sell. The main fraiche stopped working so she can sell fish or rice. 8 that just doesnt work. There is no money in this country, and i cannot afford the repairs that either way, theres no guarantee shall have customers with an absolute militant attacks, people are keeping together what they half the jihad. This is the poverty. This must stop. I want to take care of my children, bernard, that is one of so many in the country, trying to survive with very little hundreds of thousands. Dont even have a home displaced in their own country. They are clustered on the outskirts of the city. More than 1000000, people have fled their homes this year, due to spiraling violence. Thats twice as many as it was at the start of 2020. And these people here have lived so or no chance of casting their votes in the upcoming elections, but at the same time, they are the ones who most wants to believe and peace in this country. The government of incumbent president couple e says that nearly half of the countrys 13 regions have little to no access to voting because its unsafe. Does not want to delay the elections. But how can the winner be a true reflection of the peoples choice when hundreds of thousands of potential voters do not have the chance to participate . She says, the election itself is legitimate. The question is whether the outcome will be election will take place on sunday, november 22nd. The crisis could start on november 23rd. So if there is voter fraud, if the results are not compliant with what the people put in the ballot box, it is we could have a crisis now. You dont need 2 or 4 months. All will depend on how the election will be carried out. You stop by the restaurant that was attacked by islamists in 2016, killing 30 people, both locals and foreigners. It serves as a daily reminder to everyone of the point. When brooke, enough, tipped into chaos, especially in the north, the Restaurant Owner decided to stay. He says so that the jihadists cannot win. He also decided to stop talking on camera too much to bear for his family since that fateful day. But back now that would not hesitate to leave. Shes already had to do that in the past 2016, she left without her family to neighboring to with everything. She did wrong, things were not working out here. So i thought i would go there and see. But after a month, it did not regard either. Well, i do all of this for my children, but her husband does not earn much either from his job as an assistant in a shop. Its tough to the whole. I adore my children. They are a gift of god, but im too young to handle children. I want to see them happy. This is haunt hard for better know that, like many others will try to leave. Again for a whole long this time its unclear what is certain. Hardly anyone here expects life to get better after the election. And that is it for now, be sure to check out the stories on forward slash africa. Also on facebook and on twitter today, well leave you with pictures off the campaign in a fossil tone. Next time its quite the sun. As it sinks into the world to take a closer to crime fighters are back for those most successful radio drama series continue. All of this odes are available online. Of course, you can share and discuss on w africas Facebook Page and other social media platforms. Crime fighters to me now. Hello, im welcome. Lot of significant anniversaries on this edition of ups and culture. November the 20th is world childrens day and this year is also the 100th anniversary of save the children international. Also coming up, this years booker prize is awarded to 1st time author douglas for his novel shuggie bank. And it is 75 years since the nuremberg trial starts with a look at the city day and whats happening to the building Still Standing that construct. d every year since 959. 00 event of the 20th has been world childrens day, it was created by the United Nations in conjunction with the declaration of childrens rights 1st, introduced all matt day in 159. The Global Charity save the children itself. Celebrating 100 years since it was founded, has published a book featuring stories of children who grew up in war zones and were helped by save the children. The book tells 11 stories of 11 children in conflict across the 100 years of say, the children labor for the projects im alive and i took photos of 11 people, put them all of whom were children in war is a free offense tells its own story. God, it doesnt matter if youre in germany or cambodia or one down or being a child in conflict, its always the same mystified as represent the key conflicts of the past century around the world. The project started with a mom and a Syrian Refugees living in lebanon on a model is somalia is very important for us because she was the 1st one we photographed of another place. It was exciting to see her transformation as me if she became more and more alive, the more photos i took of her bending. The mold to survive was a child of world war one partition. It was wonderful to work with heavy heart 106 year old ashton. He just stood there and hes changed looking like a young man. When you come on i was given d. N. A. Reality is everywhere, at some point has known war is from. I wanted to bring back that reality bring the book shows the scars left by wars a decades past. Issues, different cambodia story is often forgotten. I guess the vision to convince you to knows how to tell this story. The 53 year old escaped the cambodian genocide and is now a human rights lawyer reporting this. What links the protagonists is that they all had a connection to save the children. And so we can show the world the biggest story of war and children in whom it was interesting taking photos of the different generations. Not i need to tell their stories, but it also tells you who was there survived to believe in a few 100 years to 10 people plus a baby born this year out of one beijing, regina, a row change, a girl born in a refugee camp in bangladesh. Is the 11th child in the book and a symbol of hope for a future without children involved. And joining me is my colleague scott rock from scott, you actually had personal involvement in this book project . Yes, i was brought a much later at the very good end of it. I did some translation english translation of the book. And yesterday there was the book launch here in berlin. And i moderated sort of the press conference, which was quite amazing because we were able to have many of the survivors connected via soon from around the world. So jose from colombia was, was on the line. And also we saw on the piece of a tree, the levy from, from cambodia who survived the marriage and is now a human rights lawyer in cambodia was pretty sick of the images, a striking but walked sense this project apart from shouting. I think its the idea behind it, which is that they want to show the survivors of conflict and survivors of war differently. I mean, if you look at how most, most n. G. O. S, most people, the media, when we talk about children in war zones, we show suffering victims. So we show the devastation and then the horrors of war. And critics would say that if you only show those images of children like that in those horrible situations that you sort of to humanize them, that theyre only defined by the suffering that theyve, theyve gone through. And the idea of this book was to show them in a different way. So if you take the images on the cover of the book amal, shes a, a refugee from syria. She lives in a refugee camp in lebanon. But look at this image. I mean, she should always be a fashion model. She looks like a beautiful confident, strong young girl, and this is how she wanted to be depicted. So the idea behind this book is to give the power back to the survivors of how they want to be depicted. And so they dont to be only defined by their suffering, but also by their hopes and dreams of their basically like like all of us. But why show victims or survivors i should say from across a century of conflict, why not concentrate on children today who have suffered from war yet again, the idea behind it is to have the connections. So, i mean, theres no place on the earth that hasnt seen war at some time in its history. And basically the experience of war as a child is, is universal. Its the same everywhere. So whether its amals do trial do, went through war in syria today or the oldest survivor in the book, which is eric carle whos now a 107 years old german man. He survived the 1st world war as a child, then the nazi era, the 2nd world war. And he, i think really says it best in the book where he says that one of the reasons hes so supportive of Syrian Refugees in germany now is because he remembers being that starving a child in a war when he was a child. And someone helped him so he wants to, he wants to help the people that i can see you, youre very emotional about it. Its a very emotional summer is a phenomenal book. Stay with us because we want to talk about another book. Its a book of prize time and the winner this time its going to a 1st time author, my very astute coach, judges, and i have chosen that standing when and that is so keeping it 20 book of price story. Im absolutely stunned. I didnt expect a whole id like to 1st of all just thank my mother. I think ive been clear that my mother is in every page of this book and without her, i wouldnt be here and my work would be here. Yes. And so thank you. Now dont go getting very excited, of course, very happy. Youre with scott just by chance. This is purely by dont start from a sure school is in the middle of rejig facebook. So tell us more about yeah, i bought it when it was shortlisted a number of weeks ago, but i didnt get around to read it until starting into it just last week. So im right in the beginning of it now. But a really amazing, amazing book. I mean, its basically about childhood growing up in poverty, in glasgow, in the early eightys. So sort of the, the factual years. And its about a young boy who is coming of age in glasgow wall. His mother is basically coming apart, suffering severe alcoholism, and douglas too has said himself, this is very autobiographical. It really is his childhood story. His mother died of alcoholism when he was 16. And what i find interesting though, about the book is its a 1st time novel, but i mean, its phenomenal. He east such a complete author, his voice is so so clear. And so present. I mean, its both very gritty and harsh as youd expect, very raw in the language, but also at times just incredibly beautiful, very, very poetic. I was really struck by it. I mean, it tells quite emotionally powerful moments, but it doesnt help being sort of market or sentimental. I think its really phenomenal book. Im really excited to see what, what theyll come up with next. Ok. Just briefly, the lot of booker Prize Winners books 1st of all, it makes them really internationally famous. And secondly, sounds a lot of books. And thirdly, sometimes they go to the movies. Will this wrong transfer to the Silver Screen . Yeah, it might, might. Well, do i mean you had great, you know, list was originally a booker prize winner and various others, the english patient, booker prize winner, being great films. This film would be more difficult. Its very raw, very, very powerful. But i think you bake in to make them a zing film if someone could pull off that combination of grit and poets. Poetry that he does in the book skull. I was always thank you very much. This week marks the 75th anniversary of the beginning of the nuremberg trials when the nazi leadership were tried for war crimes. At the end of world war 2, the city of nuremberg home to some of the largest buildings built by the nazis will forever be associated with darkest pages of german history. So what is happening to these buildings in modern day . Nuremberg, which holds such painful memories. d d this sweeping zeppelin grandstand in nuremberg, it was here in these purpose built grounds that hundreds of thousands of people gathered for nazi rallies led by adults. In the 1930 s. Each year, some 300000 visitors come to see what remains of the nazi era constructions before these buildings which are still here today, are in a way a document of the National Socialist easier. But he leaked this means that as architectural relics, they represent a visual ideal that the nazi regime, a sad part of the ruins, testified to a dark chapter of german history. Efforts have been made to demystify them. And field has even been opened up to leisure time activities. Ready that delicate balance between remembering the past and opening the space up for a new story. I dont know how much the stadium, the tribune, and the sports facilities around need, renovating the pitch works very well as a Sports Facility without the grandstand. But im also concerned that if its not renovated now, it will become a kind of memorial place of pilgrimage, finian nazis, and if its renovated, then perhaps it can be better used for civilian sports purposes. Thats why my opinions divided. Believe it or not, a part of the nazi party rally complex is the unfinished congress hall. The structure is reminiscent of romes coliseum and what have posted 50000 people. Its one of the largest preserve National Socialist buildings today is house is the Documentation Center which office visit is insight into the history of the complex. And its important for us to make the stands tall supporting. And this means explaining the history behind these buildings. So self being transparent and always insisting on never again. And as our lesson from this History Lesson and on guiding people through the story with all the information we have for not so many 75 years after the end of the war. Nuremberg Nazi Party Rally Grounds stand as a somber reminder of germanys past. Its stones will continue to serve as a warning for future generations. Finally, exhibition opening despite corona of the magnificent guggenheim in bilbao, where 60 works by the russian abstract painter vastly kandinsky are on display. The actual mission is extended until next may because of a pandemic, as right now, only build ballons can visit museums. So lets view it from afar. I leave you with a taste of canned goods get the guggenheim, buy long africa. So more energy for burkina faso. This doesnt just mean transitioning to new energy. Here, it means having access to electricity. Currently, only about 5 percent of the population has this privilege a government project is seeking to change that culture for the finance minister. What secrets lie behind this was discover new adventures in 360 degree and explore. Fascinating World Heritage sites. P. W. World heritage 316 get kidnapped. Now beethoven is for me, beethoven is for youve been told its for health. Beethoven is for her. The toast is for that beethoven is for us. Veto for is for Employment Law for beethoven 2020, the 250th anniversary here on w. This is data over the news live from berlin, 75 years since the start of the nuremberg trials many years commemorating the historic war crimes prosecutions that helped lay the foundations of the International Criminal court with a special ceremony in the city where they took place and killed holding their own children on the wall, i dont want it in 2000 and 6 to carry kids because a date i would use thanks to the last living prosecutor to help told top nazi officials accountable for their crimes. Also german drug Company Biotech and us part of pfizer seek a merge and see approval for their corona, virus vaccine in the United States. If it gets the go ahead, the Companies Say they could begin sending out the shots within hours of the judicial proceedings that were the 1st of their kind. The nuremberg trials to hold individuals to account instead of punishing an entire nation. I also laid the foundations for todays International Criminal court. In the high tracks, Marshall Hermann goering, hitlers Deputy Rudolf Hess and chief r. T. O. Were just Alfred Rosenberg in the dark on november 20th, 1945, many of the leading nazi figures had by then gone into hiding or committed suicide, including hitler. But for the 1st time in history, the rulers of a country had to answer to an International Criminal court. The allies wanted to show that the individuals would be held responsible for the crimes of the nazis, not the german people as a home. The charges against the main war, criminals included conspiracy against world pace, planning, unleashing and conducting a war of aggression, crimes and violations of martial law. Crimes against humanity. Because not guilty, like home and getting none of the cues were willing to take responsibility. Many germans only learnt about the unbelievable extent of the crimes during the trial. On october 1st, 946, the sentences were handed down 3 acquittals, 3 life sentences for prison sentences, 12 death sentences were carried out shortly afterwards. The nuremberg trials became a historical milestone and they paved the way for the future International Criminal court in the hague. Do you have any Political Correspondent . Simon young is outside the court in nuremberg, where the trials took place and where the ceremony that is commemorating them is underway. Now, simon, tell us a bit more about tonight ceremony. Im standing outside the palace of justice here in europe, which has been described as the birthplace of International Criminal justice, of course, because of those nuremberg trials that began 75 years ago. And its to recall that, that this act of remembrance, virtual act of remembrance, theyre calling it because of course, corona rules mean that the audience and the participants are having to be kept to a minimum. That explains why were standing outside as well. But its going to be, i think, a solemn occasion the german president will make a speech and i think hell try to draw some of the lessons from nuremberg and what it means for germany in the world today. Theyll be a video messages from the Foreign Ministers of the 3 western allies and also from the Russian Ambassador saying, you know, i think what they, what they see is the legacy of nuremberg. Were also going to get a big video message from far too bensouda. Shes the chief prosecutor of the International Criminal court in the hague, obviously drawing that line to the i. C. C. Now. But the introduction is going to be made by benjamin parents. One of the chief prosecutors in the follow up trials that came after the Main International military tribunal. And he is, of course, therefore a link to the, the history that stands behind this key date stay there. Before we come back to you, lets have a look at benjamin surrenders who you just mentioned. He was part of the prosecuting tame and was building the case against announcing officials. He was 27 years old at the time when he time sized the size of the horrors of the concentration camps. Hes now the last living member of the team who helped hold nazi officials to account for their crimes. He spoke today damning about his historic role. And i got 30 indignant, i said, loath i got my hands you mad might run for president. Im not going to have you back to go. Benjamin ferenc was the chief prosecutor in the trial of s. S. Death squad members at nurnberg in 1947. He was 27 years old and had already fought as a us soldier against the nazis might for it to simon was to set up a walk around ranch for your own. I knew that by going to concentrate and as they were liberated, nobody saw what i saw because they got in right with your man. And knowing youre dead body lying on the ground, piled up, waiting for a democratic lawyer. Friends, collected evidence of nazi war crimes. In the trials, he brought charges against more than 20 men for murdering a 1000000 people. In his indictment however, he stressed that he didnt want revenge vengeance. I sure hope cannot balance the scales of justice. On the one hand, im not 20 minutes. Oh yeah, i havent got a 1000000 break them. So he cant be down here when nobody justice in a situation like this new elections were murdered. They huge, you know, worries on the screen there are common. Thats all the call out there to hear if you will. Now you can share those acts out receipts of the order to cure them or understand it. We can make that a crime and that is a crime, not against the redskins. Its a crime against your mind. The trials ended in 1988 with guilty verdicts for the 22 defendants. But france didnt stop there. He continued to fight for justice and push to establish an International Criminal court. That court became a reality in 1908 at a conference in rome. Ferenc was there. Actually, i began saying, i have come to rome to speak for those who cannot speak with victims. And the only authority out comes from my op. So its really what is only the beginning, asking no more, and really no, its just set up a court on the record that you wouldnt future to deter any such pride encourages the i. C. C. Has been in operation in the hague since 2002 in just over 2 dozen cases, it has investigated possible war crimes and crimes against humanity. Ferenc has traveled to the hague several times to take part. Ive come a long way in what ive seen. We have been into natural trouble or it has its problems. Serious problems. You dont get a lot of cooperation should have more cooperation, but he says the secret to succeeding at this is simple. Very good. Well, incredible man. Incredible legacy, simon. Tell us a bit more about the significance of these trials and they were groundbreaking, but also controversial. Yes, the International Military tribunals was groundbreaking. In many ways, it really was the 1st time as we said, that this idea that governments that states and indeed that key individuals could be held accountable if crimes and atrocities were committed in their name that was given life. And reality for the 1st time it had been thought about before, theyd been attempts to it, to bring the german kaiser and the german generals to trial after the 1st world war. But that hasnt proved effective. Now. There was a process for doing it. The allies, the 4 victorious allies got together and of course it was the 1st time that the, these new types of crime, the types of charge such as crimes against humanity and genocide were really forth. And it was innovative in other ways. There were different legal traditions that were brought to book for different level legal traditions had to be somehow united. Of course, it was also controversial for that reason. Also, for instance, one of the charges was membership of a conspiracy. That was a concept that was on no, under german law before the 2nd world war. So of course some of the defense lawyers said, how can you convict nazis of a crime that they, they didnt know about. There were always problems with the process, but it was a milestone of history. And they dont know what is germanys relationship to the trial today. Well, i think ones got to talk also about the development of views in germany. There was skepticism initially of course about what people said was victors justice. And you know of a political type of trial. Although i think many ordinary germans were happy to see the back of a senior nazis like like girl ring and so on. But later there was, there was, there was a lot of skepticism, but also the nuremberg trials laid a foundation for germanys process of coming to terms with its past and the, the trials of nazis that were held throughout the, the sixtys and so on. Today, of course, people are aware that the nuremberg spirit is what laid the foundation for the International Criminal court in the hague and the sort of defense of human rights that germany holds. Dear nowadays, certainly very significant. A very Political Correspondent, simon young. Thanks. Well, German Drug Development beyond tech kenneths us part of pfizer is seeking emergency authorization for their corona virus back saying in the United States, its the 1st corona virus vaccine to be put before the u. S. Food and Drug Administration and even proved to be a major step in the fight against the pandemic, the u. S. Government expects the decision to be made in mid december, much faster than the normal 8 year process. The firms say they could begin distributing the vaccine within hours of its approval. Well, i spoke to her ologist mohamed moneer, whos a research his research at Lancaster University in the u. K. Focuses on covert 19. I asked him if this is really the breakthrough breakthrough. Weve all been waiting for very important question. Although the data has become available for biotech, and pfizer combined vaccines, which is the 1st cumulative data that has been proposed, which is very encouraging. 95 percent efficacy. But yet the data has to be presented to the regulatory bodies for the approval of those they are trying to put that out in days. And hopefully we will have the response from the regulatory bodies that have been based because youre really it take a year to get the regular people ready approved the vaccine apprise ation. But this time its going to be an emergency authorization, and theres absolutely bodies or looking into the data in the real term, which means that as the data generated its being revealed so that the time can be cut short for the approval process. My anticipation is that by the middle of next month, by the summer, we will be having the emergency approval of the pfizer and bio on tax vaccine. And that means they have the capability of 500000000. 00 doses to be produced within this year. So basically the capability has already been up and running to produce these vaccines, and they have already made the deal to send countries on defend those. As, for example, here in the u. K. , we had 40000000. 00 doses already agreement with these. So as soon as the authorization is done within the middle of next month, meaning that by mid january, the emergency does is going to be distributed to the vulnerable communities and the front line as photographs. But we really what we are looking for the vaccine for you there, because for me is really the 1st quarter of clinical, realistically, how fast can the facts, same be produced in the sufficient quantities that you and i and everybody could be vaccinated and loss returned to normal yeah, very important question and probably a hot debate in coming days is that how quickly we can not only just manufacture but also distribute it because distribution or something is a big challenge. I mean, even if we look at both the, you know, 6070 percent population in the world to be immunized to see the real impact of the vaccine. We are talking about 11000000000. 00 of his and i dont think that one of axion can be produced at the scale for 40 ministration around the globe. So this pfizer and bio and tech they have at only 152000000. 00 doses in can just when you want to capabilities, which is certainly insufficient to really need the global demand. But what we are looking into is that we will have those are not from one of axion or more than 2 or 3. Those will be approved at the end of this year or early next year to be scaled up at the level that we can protect our well known over community is going to protect the people, those who are highly vulnerable to get this infection and also the Frontline Health workers, because if we can protect those relatively, the impact of this disease would be deals. And as we move along the scale ability of the made him is to get everybody human eyes so that we can get rid of this deadly infection. I was still a long road ahead, but a collective crossing of the man have had many, a very honest at Lancaster University. Thanks very much. Thanks for having thats all for now. I know from a film gaia will be with you next hour, but 1st if they change the date of a new business. Im rebecca races and then and thanks very much for watching the story so that people of the world for g. W. Offer his book and twitter up to date and in touch with us from the get go to parliament. Bobby was a pop star witness against corruption violence today despite coming from a poor family to become president and the challenges are credible story with bob. You want to start december 10th, on g. W. , the world gets one step closer to its 1st covert 19 vaccine. U. S. Drugmaker, pfizer and its german partner biotech seek a green light from regulators for their product. They say distribution can begin hours after approval. Also on the show. Farmers in east africa are battling new locusts warms the talk of the u. N. Expert who says Climate Change means the insect plagues could become a more frequent problem. And china offers generous debt relief to developing 2, developing economies for the 2100000000. 00 in payment extensions, or is only a tiny fraction of what african countries of the globe. Welcome to the show. Im Stephen Beardsley in berlin. Good to have you with us. Drugmaker pfizer and its german partner biotech said friday that they were asking u. S. Health regulators for emergency approval of their covert 1000 vaccine. Putting them on track for distribution beginning in december. Now the Companies Already have purchased deals with major governments and expect supply of the 1300000000. 00 doses. By the end of 2021, pfizer has spent about 2000000000. 00 of research and development, has a cost sharing and Marketing Agreement with german, germany based biotech, which developed the unique messenger r. N. A. Technology for the vaccine. And our financial correspondent, frankfurt, and advised bach has more on the efforts of biotech and pfizer to seek out emergency approval. Pfizer and biotech have announced that they have the application for emergency use with the f. D. A. In the United States for their covert 19 vaccine. They also saying the moment they get approval, they can start to distribute the vaccine against covert 900. And according to reuters, the f. D. A. Approval committee is set to meet between december 8th and 10. The companies are saying they can actually produce as much as 50000 doses off the vaccine. That would mean that some 25000000. 00 people can actually get vaccinated until the end of this here, of course, next year will be the big question. Their potential is, as theyre saying up to 1300000000. 00, this financial correspondent, an advice box there. Now, from a pandemic to a plague of locusts have been plaguing the african continent for almost a year now. And now theyre swarming across the small in capital of mogadishu destroying vegetation. And pastures in an area thats also popular with tourists. The u. N. Food and Agriculture Organization warns of harsh consequences of a continued plague. And not just for somalia. This latest invasion of the flying pest started in the de nile district on the 1st weekend of november. The local administrator fears if the problem is not dealt with. The national and scape here could be destroyed and the half is going to give us even come to a shocking site. Does it . Locusts had invaded our lands, destroying pasture, and crops. We have a serious problem on our hands and it needs to be tackled immediately with the right. Locals have tried simple measures like banging kitchen utensils together to make loud noises or swiping at them. But these efforts are no match for the swarms descending on their fields. Aerial spraying is generally considered the only effective control method. So, ive been fending off the locust swarms all morning as theyre a threat to our posture. I call upon our government to join the fight or give us support right now were fighting the locusts by hand. Us. 2020 has seen locust swarms affecting millions of people across the globe, including in fellow subsaharan nations, kenya and ethiopia, as well as arab and Asian Countries like yemen, saudi arabia, and india. The un food and Agriculture Organization says that during plagues, the pests can spread over an area of 29000000 square kilometers, giving them the potential to damage the livelihoods of a 10th of the worlds population. When and joining me now is Keith Cressman, hes the senior locus forecasting officer at the uns food and Agriculture Organization. And he was just in east africa to survey the swarms there. Keith, thanks for joining me on the show. Now, most people understand the devastation that Something Like a wildfire can bring to a landscape. For those of us who arent really familiar with it, can you describe the devastation that a locust war can bring . Well, i imagine, you know, youre on the ground, youre a farmer, youre depending on the rainfall to grow your crops. And these crops they, they are your livelihood for your entire family, perhaps your community. Im not only for this year, but you know, also for next year, especially during periods of good rains that we have now. So, you know, you look towards the horizon, you see a cloud and youre quite happy because, you know, thats going to bring the rains that you need for your crops. But as that cloud, you know, approaches your field. You notice that its not to rainfall cloud, but Something Else and its a cloud of insects. And then you probably heard from grandparents, you know, of the devastating storms in the past and you certain then realize that yes, these are swarms that are coming now into your own field. And as a swarm can easily come into a field in the morning, and by midday it is the nearly everything in that field. So that means a farmer has lost its entire livelihood for this year, and probably for, for next year to come, as well as a dreadful image. This year has been especially bad for local swarms in africa, extending to the middle east. Whats behind it . Well its the rainfall, in fact its locust that are responding to exceptionally good rains. The rains didnt just start this year, they started in 2018. And basically theyve continued nearly nonstop in the main breeding area some since then. So cause the locusts to increase dramatically in number and to form these. Im very devastating storms that can, you know, move up to 150 kilometers a day with the winds. And thats what youre seeing now in central and somalia, for example, as weather patterns change, can we expect to see more of this, or is this something thats just tied to recent weather patterns . Well, you know that one of the scenarios of Climate Change is more severe rainfall events. In other words, cycles you know, heavy rains and floods that were like the ones that initiated the current upsurge at worst facing. And this is likely to impact Eastern Africa because of the nature of the location of these cycles. So indeed, if you know, we see more cycles, youre going to see more locust problems like we have now. All right, Keith Cressman is with the u. N. Food and agricultural organization. Thank you very much for thank you for the annual summit of the worlds 20 leading economies. The g. 20 takes place this weekends and africas growing debt problem is expected to be a major topic. And much of the focus is falling on china, whose Large Infrastructure Projects throughout the continent has left many nations in its debts. But china said friday that it has given 2100000000. 00 worth of debt relief to developing countries. Critics, however, since nowhere near enough its been called the railway to nowhere. Kenya celebrated the opening of this train connecting its capital nairobi and the, port city mumbai, 2017, built in finance. B. , china has now become a symbol of the controversy over chinas presence across the continent. China has loomed over 100000000000. 00 to african countries as part of its transcontinental infrastructure program, known as the bolton road initiative. Many african countries were already crippled under the weight of the money they owe china for projects like the money losing kenyan railway. Now the coronavirus pandemic has made it nearly impossible for many to keep up with debt payments. Angola is the biggest debtor to china after taking billions in loans to build roads and hospitals. Ethiopia is next followed by zambia, which this month became the 1st african country to default on debt and the pandemic kenyas 9 1000000000. 00. And that comes largely from loans for the railway. Critics say after its to help poor countries by freezing repayments are only delaying a broader reckoning over africas unsustainable debt load. Chinas 2100000000. 00 and payment extensions covers only a tiny fraction of what african countries and the agreement struck last week by g. 20 leaders to defer repayments until the train 21 offers only a brief reprieve for many nations. And out of some of the other Global Business stories making headlines, airlines will need as much as 80000000000. 00 in additional aid to stay aloft during the coming months. Thats according to the International Air transport association. As countries tighten restrictions to battle, another wave of Coronavirus Infections demand for air travel remains low. The sector has already received an estimated 160000000000. 00 in aid. Chinas Aviation Authority says its not yet ready to certify boeing, 737. 00 max, a safe to fly. Meanwhile, european regulators expect a decision on the macs by early next year. On wednesday, u. S. Regulators gave boeing the go ahead to return the model to the skies. The max was grounded last year following 2 crashes, which together killed 346 people. General motors will boost investment in electric cars as demand for less polluting vehicles. Again, speed maker of the chevrolet bolts plans to spend 27000000000. 00 on expanding its electric vehicle fleet over the next 5 years. Thats up from 20000000000. 00. G. M. Wants 40 percent of its cars to be Battery Powered by 2025, over to germany now, where u. S. Pressure on the countrys controversial nord stream to gas pipeline with russia has been constant under a trumpet ministration. The German Government has hoped that might change under a president biden, but they stand to be disappointed. No matter who is at the helm, washington seems set on preventing the completion of the 2nd baltic sea pipeline. Joe biden has code north stream to a bad deal for europe. There are just 160 kilometers of the 1200 kilometer pipeline left to finish from the Danish Island of born home to the german coast. Denmark says construction can go ahead despite u. S. Attempts to block it. This 2nd north stream pipeline will transport 110000000000 cubic meters of natural gas to germany. Each year. However, the u. S. Is threatening to impose sanctions against all companies in contract is involved in the project. Washington says it will make parts of your too dependent on russian gas and is concerned. It allows supplies to bypass countries like ukraine. In the us is indeed concerned with europes energy security, because its fundamental to the National Security of our closest allies, to speak directly to those concerns with or trying to sense it if it was completed, it would hurt both the economic and strategic stability of ukraine. It flies in the face of the European Energy unions own concept on diversification away from Russian Energy resources. There has been criticism of the pipeline from within germany and other european countries. But the e. U. Also opposes the u. S. Interfering in its energy policy. Many here suspect that economic concerns are behind the u. S. Stance. After all, the americans have their own natural gas to sell and thats it for me and the Business Team here in berlin for more sugar website d. W. Dot com such business. And were also on facebook and twitter. Im Stephen Beardsley, as always is watching now for good thanks so much energy to burn fossil. This doesnt just mean transitioning to a new energy. Here, it means having access to electricity. Currently, only about 5 percent of the population has this privilege of government project is seeking to change that for 16 years in the heart of Climate Change for most of whats in store for the future costs are going to go soon to get inside mrs. D. That means africa on the program today, cold is 19 in africa, have Public Health officials warn the continent is edging towards a 2nd wave. As a simple, as this 2000000 confirmed cases that were the best seen on its way, is africa radiates, it distributors and ministers. And the election overshadowed by terrorism. Looking a fossil close to the polls on sunday, but the large parts of the country have been affected by extremist violence. Some bushes, one gift because their ballots