For example, here in the u. K. , we have 40000000. 00 doses of the argument with these. So as soon as the our prize ation is done within the middle of next month, meaning that by mid january, the emergency doses will be distributed to the vulnerable communities and the front line workers. But we really what were looking for, the vaccines where you have a car and for me is really the 1st quarter of when they go, well, exactly documented. Thats exactly what i wanted to ask you about. I mean, obviously this is really positive development every once, you know cautiously excited, but realistically, how fast can this fact same be produced in the sufficient quantities that you and i and everybody could be vaccinated. And life returned to normal. Very important question and probably a hot debate in coming days is that how quickly we can not only just manufacture but also distribute because distribution or something is a big challenge. I mean, even if we look at both the, you know, 6070 percent population in the world to be immunized to see the real impact of the vaccine. We are talking about 11 pm. That was his and i thought that one of the acts in a can be produced at the scale for 40 ministration around the globe. So this is it. And by and tech, they have it on one flight to killing indoors, as in when just when you want to capabilities, which are certainly insufficient to really needs of global demand. But what we are looking into is that we will have those and not from one of axion or more than 2 or 3. Those will be approved at the end of this year or early next year to be scaled up at the level that we can protect our well Noble Community is going to protect the people that are highly vulnerable to get this infection and also the Frontline Health workers because if we can protect those relatively the impact of this disease, what are you going to use and how do we move along that skill ability . I think you made him is to get everybody human eyes so that we can get rid of this deadly infection. I was still a long road ahead, but a collective crossing of the many of perilous at lancaster university. Thanks very much. Thanks for having germany has recorded its highest number of daily coronavirus cases. More than 23 and a half 1000 new infections have been confirmed in the last 24 hours. Robert cock institute for Infectious Diseases reports that 880000 people across the country have now contracted covert line tain. The rise comes as germany continues to battle, the virus with partial lockdowns tougher restrictions could be put in place when chancellor Angela Merkel meets with the heads of the federal states next week. As a big army says it has entered at the 1st of 3 districts to be handed back by amin year as part of a contentious peace accord. The agreement was brokered by russia and ended weeks of fighting over the disputed region in and around nagornokarabakh. That area is marked here in red on the map. Now its a region inside as of the shabat populated by ethnic main eons of control the territory and the surrounding areas for decades. But in september, forces started an offensive to reclaim the disputed territory. Quickly overpowering their army and counterparts under the peace deal, the borders of nagorno. Karabakh has been redrawn and army and troops must leave the region. They have lost control of by december 1st. The fighting is officially over, but normal life is still a long way off for those affected by the conflict. W. s emily show and has more its a joyful moment for some in the united after weeks of fear. Now that the fighting in the gordon occurred about has ended, hundreds of refugees are returning to their homes since to parkhead it every day. Russian peacekeepers watch over the process. But not everyone has a home to come back to. And i need to get it quickly and to her mother i did go from the nearby which is now under control. Just like for many here to them. The recent peace deal is a betrayal. We dont know what we will do and where we will live. We just came here because we have no other option. We dont have a home. Yeah. I left everything behind in shoes. She a 2 bedroom apartment with everything in us, up and renovated. I didnt even manage to take any clothing with me. My neighbors dog, some of my clothes, one of everything, and this is wash. I came here in with a population of just over 50000 people is the biggest city in here. Think they could soon be dealing with up to 25000 refugees from nearby regions which are no longer under armenian control. Have prepared several hotels so that people can live. Well, we Start Building more houses that people who have come from the regions all want to live in stock on the cards. And we have to explain to them this step on a card isnt big enough to provide for everyone. We have to live in villages in other areas, even for those who didnt leave, theres a lot of rebuilding to do. Traces of the recent war lurk around every corner. People in have gotten used to living in the middle of a frozen conflict. But after the most recent fighting, even that normality seems far away. Preparing for the return of his children and grandchildren who left during the fighting, the windows of his building got blown out in a bomb blast for now, plastic sheets will have to do instead. The 65 year old says he and his neighbors lived in the basement for around 3 weeks. Many can still remember the fierce fighting of the 990 s. I thought i was machine gunfire back and forth. This time it was really scary weapons. We have to start over now. We dont have anything. We dont have work either. But were going to do our best to live well. Even with destruction everywhere, most people say leaving is not an option. Even if no court has just gotten smaller, it will always be their homeland. 75 years ago, the nuremberg trials brought knots, nazi leaders to justice, and whats been called the birth of international bowl. The main war crimes trial of 24, high ranking representatives of the german nazi state began in nuremberg. It was the 1st tribunals of its kind in history. One year later prison sentences and 12 death penalties were handed down. The trial paved the way for the creation of the International Criminal court in the hague. One man there at the time was benjamin friends, a young prosecutor. Hes now the last living member of the taim who helped hold nazi officials to account for their crimes. He spoke today about his historic role and i got 30 indignant, and i said, loath i got my hair, its you mad martin run for president and im not going to have you back to go. Benjamin ferenc was the chief prosecutor in the trial of s. S. Death squad members at nurnberg. In 1947. He was 27 years old and had already fought as a u. S. Soldier against the nazis might for excitement was to set up a walk around ranch for the euro zone by going into the concentration camps as they were liberated. Nobody saw what i saw because they got in right with the american tanks that were near and dead bodies lying on the ground. Piled up, waiting to encourage democratic florida. Friends collected evidence of nazi war crimes. In the trials, he brought charges against more than 20 men for murdering a 1000000 people. In his indictment however, he stressed that he didnt want revenge vengeance. I sure hope cannot balance the scales of justice. On the one hand, im not 20 minutes. Oh no, i havent got a 1000000 victims said it cant be done here when you know you reach out to us in a situation like this new elections were murdered and they, you didnt share worries on the green common thats all the call up there to hear if you will, now you can share those acts out through his use of the arctic security summers and said if we can make that a crime, and that is a crime not against the use of lets suppose its a crime against your mind that the trials ended in 1988 with guilty verdicts for the 22 defendants, but france didnt stop there. He continued to fight for justice and push to establish an International Criminal court. That court became a reality in 1908 at a conference in rome. Ferenc was there. As you have against a role to speak for those who cannot speak with victims, and the only authority ever comes from my op. So its really what is only the beginning, asking no more and really not just set up a court on the record. You wouldnt future to deter any such creature. The i. C. C. Has been in operation in the hague since 2002. In just over 2 dozen cases, it has investigated possible war crimes and crimes against humanity. Ferenc has traveled to the hague several times to take part. Ive come a long way in what ive seen. We have been into natural trouble or it has its problems. Serious problems. You dont get a little awkward action should have more cooperation. But he says the secret to succeeding at this is simple. They will get well. If youre watching date over the news has a reminder of the top story were following for you. German drug developer buying tech and its u. S. Partner finds that the sinking of the urgency, authorize a ship that could run a virus back saying in the united states. Its the 1st corona virus that same to go before the food and Drug Administration in the u. S. The American Government expects the decision to send up to us in news for this alcove at 19 special is up next the states taking to that ill be back next hour with more News Headlines that forget you can always stay up to date on our web site. Thats update up and dot com. You can also follow us on social media, instagram and twitter at day w news. Im rebecca receives in the tent. Cities in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic has the rate of infection been developing. What does the latest research say . Information and context, the role of iris update 19 on t w i was issued when i arrived here, i slept with people in a room that was hardest for i even got white hair learning the german language helped me a lot. This gets me a little but uniquely to instruct. Its a say you want to do their story. Its urgent and reliable information for margaret. The corona virus is a respiratory disease. It attacks the lungs and other organs in its attempt to infect its host. But it has another strategy. Air pollution. Scientists believe it uses fine particulate matter as a carrier. Studies show the pollution also lays the groundwork for the virus aggravating the throat and lungs to make us more susceptible to covered a toxic and potentially deadly partnership. Air pollution and covert 19 invisible killer and its little helper. A lot of cities around the world have been promising to clean up their act and clear the air. Now theyve got another reason to act. A coronavirus. There are many sources of particulate pollution. The primary one is emissions from combustion in power plants, planes, and car engines. Vehicles also produced particles through brake wear, anti reparation. Agricultural emissions are also a big contributor, particles invisible to the naked eye, a classified by diameter, pm, 10 of 10. My crewmates has all smaller, fine inhalable particles have diameters of 2. 5 micro meters or less. And then there are all true fine particles less than 0 point one micron meters in diameter. Depending on their size and how deeply they penetrate tissue. Inhaled particles, have different effects on health market, and i was here and we believe that the smaller the particular matter is, the greater the probability is that it will reach the bloodstream. After inhalation and be taken up by the cardiovascular system. If these tiny particles can build up in arteries and damage their insides, and thats where the sars codes to virus also causes much of its most serious damage. As recent studies show, as a dozen tried to shut off from the decisive point, is that we have discovered that the virus infection in coded 19 mainly affects the inner layer of the blood vessels. The socalled and the seal cells. And as it happens, that is also the target to find particular matter. Theres a strong correlation between air pollution and covert 1000 mortality rates. The risk of dying from the disease is higher, the longer we are exposed to air polluted with these particles. Thats the result of a study coauthored by the scientist in mind. It came to the conclusion that a stunning 15 percent of covert 1000 related deaths worldwide are linked to long term exposure to pollution based on health records. The also say that the figure for north america amounts to 17 percent 19 percent for europe, and about 27 percent in east asia. This highlights the risks posed by at pollution even before the pandemic. We currently have more than 1000000 deaths from the corona virus pandemic. But we know that a particular matter causes nearly 9000000 deaths a year worldwide. Thats an indication of how much attention the coronavirus is getting compared to particulate pollution. I believe we need to rethink properly. Scientists say policymakers need to do more to combat air pollution and they need to take the recommendations of the World Health Organization seriously. Prints very need limits for fine particulate matter that protect us from the impact on how the w. H. O. Defines a limit of 10 micrograms per cubic meter as healthy, while 90 percent of the worlds population effectively lives above that limit. The correlation between ad pollution and Health Outcomes exists, even if the connection hasnt been directly proven so far. Many scientists are convinced that very high levels of particular matter in the ad we breathe weakens our immune response and baps a matter of grave concern, especially in the time of the coronavirus. George clearly felt his managing director of the Max Planck Institute for chemistry and minds where he heads the department of atmospheric chemistry and lead that study. We mentioned in the report you found exposure to particulate air pollution contributes 15 percent to total mortality. How did you get to that result . Yes, well, we are combining data. And primarily we were using a study in the united states. It made use of an analysis of 65000000. 00 people who were dissipated in medicare. And there they had analyzed all the relationship between air pollution and premature death from covert. How do you manage to measure something . So tiny is this fine particulate matter that we mentioned in this, where you can measure the great lean for example in air quality networks. But we also make use of measurements in space because the small particles that can enter your lungs are also about the same size as the wavelength of the light of the sun. So they scattered to reflect the sunlight and strong instruments. You could see them quite well. It sounds like fascinating stuff, but at the end of the day, the more polluted your skies are, the higher the risk of catching tobit is, is that right . Well thats actually more the, the air pollution causes preconditions or it aggravates preconditions that causes it more severe outcome of covert 19. So you cant really say its possible, but thats something we dont know that air pollution causes or allows covert 19 to become to get infected more easily. But the main reason we think is that air pollution causes preconditions that aggravate the over 1000 outcome. I guess that the Great Lockdown was a great thing in the air pollution fell in many cities. Meaning if you were told that carrying particles around and less aggravation, yes, its a little bit more complicated than that. This is possible. But this would be this direct effect, for example, if air pollution triggers the body to be more receptive of the virus, that would certainly be reduced with a covert look down. But the point is that the long term exposure to air pollution causes chronic diseases like lung diseases including lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, heart conditions, etc. And these are exactly the conditions that make the suffering from cove it more severe. So its, its more the preconditioning actually that, that where the air pollution plays a role. So we cant just be tapping the cold or pandemic. We need to be tackling absolution. Definitely we really are. And its just another example of air pollution causing a disease is and of course its already a factor. We knew that causes Life Expectancy to be shorter. But now we also see that theres a direct relationship with covert 19, which is not entirely surprising because the disease actually, you know, through the lungs through the cardiovascular system is very similar as the effect of air pollution. And that again is very similar as the effects of smoking, which is also a precondition that makes the outcome of covert 1000. 00 more severe. I understand why it took the world so long to understand the dangers of tobacco, considering the huge corporations behind the advertising campaigns. But what about apple, or should, i mean, was it taken a so long to catch on to the fact that its bad for us . Many people have known this for a long time, but its of course not so easy to do something about it. I mean, in europe we have, we have programs trying to reduce air pollution, but its has of course, economic implications. And its not only a cost factor in terms of, you know, reducing the emissions. Of course you gain on the other side because you have less health expenses. But you know, this is a system that needs to be politically controlled because the, the person who, who profits from better air quality is not the person who would have to pay for reducing it. So this is really a question of putting policies in place and making sure that those who actually pay for the mighty geisha measures of the reduction of pollution. But also in some way profit and not are the only ones to pay for those by the fed. Managing director of the Max Planck Institute for chemistry in mind. Thank you very much. Bio intake and pfizer are applying in the u. S. For a merge and say use of the vaccine at the 1st to do so. That Companies Say a good Safety Record should qualify it for use before final testing is complete. A limited number of shots could be ready next month. And the money more time this week is there williams, our science correspondent answering your questions on the coronavirus. Why are mortality rates so low and densely populated countries like india . India has the 2nd highest number of reported kovan 1000 cases in the world behind, the u. S. But has only logged about half as many deaths. So to put that in terms that weve all become familiar with, it appears to have an extremely low case fatality rate compared to most western countries. Why . We dont know, but the experts trying to puzzle it out say a number of different factors are probably playing roles 1st, of course, is that almost all agree that under reporting as involved as they say that india struggled to record accurate death statistics under, under normal circumstances, before the pandemic, and if anything, Health Officials have been struggling more since it began, but, but is there more to it than that . Another line of thinking says young average age in indias population could also be making a difference. And then there are some researchers who believe that whats known as the hygiene hypothesis could be involved. It postulates that people exposed to more pathogens early in life are less likely to develop the overreactive, the new systems later, which cause auto immune conditions like allergies. And as we know many, if not most over 1000 patients die, basically because of an auto immune reaction that spins out of control. So are a lot more indians surviving because their immune systems had to learn to deal with a much wider range of pathogens as children. And they dont go into a tailspin now when they catch sars cove to maybe its an interesting hypothesis but, but its also one thats hard to prove. And by the way, many of the same arguments are being used to explain whats going on in most of africa, where people also arent getting sick and dying at rates that experts and michelle lee predicted they would. Eric williams said, ive been fizzling for any other developments of the virus could well website at the call of slash 295. But the first group to show that it was in support of whats a big walk over to the real world and you you know . Yes you in her last years german chancellor will bring your uncle out math corps as youve never heard her before. Surprised to so with what is possible, who is medically, really what moves who talk to people who followed her along the way. Morrows and critics alike. How is the worlds most powerful woman shaping her legacy . Joining us from eccles la stops this is t w. News africa on the program today called these 19 in africa. Public Health Officials warn the continent is edging towards a 2nd wave as it surpasses 2000000 pound frame cases that were the best seen on its way. Is africa ready to distribute and administers the election, overshadowed by terrorism