Rising sea levels, rising sea levels, sea level is rising. Take home by, for example. This red area shows the parts of the city that could be underwater by 2050. And that applies to coastal cities all over the world. Sea levels could rise by several meters, but there are still ways to prevent the scenario. Indigenous fishermen in mumbai are trying to save the natural bastions that are key to protecting the city. Artisan fisherman coming is keeping up the tradition of the first inhabitants. They have lived off the seas. Bounty for generations is partly covered by mongrel forests, which used to protect the citys inhabitants. Today, the bigger issue of these mangroves bores is a threat to the coolies likelihood without them coastal erosion would both leading to silvio flooding. Come lock up a lot is, but is about the future of the place he calls home his couch is steadily decreasing. A clear sign that the mangroves, im not doing the mongrels get cut down indiscriminately. You see garbage everywhere. Even industrial plants release their chemicals here. A boat getting oil on one side and polluted the water. So many fish have died, and the ones that remain gone breed fast enough to bring oil situated between the ocean and the landmass. Mangroves reduce the intensity of crashing waves by acting as a buffer. They also act as sponsors by soaking up excess water to prevent inland flooding, and by releasing down honey droplets into the air to regulate the citys temperature. To prevent further degradation, some fishermen have taken action. Amount of are started a Grassroots Movement with neighborhood fisherman. They want to save and protect more than 1000. 00, hectares of lush mangrove cover surrounding his village pando in mumbais northeastern corner. We take our action on our own. We stop any kind of in goodman thank fisherman from the Community Organizations out and clean the incessant flow of solid bees on a daily basis. They know that their livelihood is in jeopardy. Many fish species of a lable, an abundance in the past have disappeared from these waters. Local fishermen keep constant vigil and allowed the organization if they notice illegal encroachments or poaching. Often members of the Village Community are part of the problem. So give us the also organize of their list, raising initiatives in the local community to help families understand the importance of mangoes to their lives. Many are not aware that pollution is destroying mumbais, mangroves about 40 percent have invited out over the last few decades. And thats not all say, and by mentalists in legal constructions which happen, people repair their houses, demolished walls structures, the reconstruction and about being in the garment themselves are one of the biggest threats to mangle because they have set up the mongols dumping grounds in the greeks of inside the mangroves inside, dense mangroves and the legit from there is going into the mango and beginning this instant. If you refuse to be a place or where you could come for fresh. Now you can barely stand there because of the nature which is coming out of these dumping grounds into the more than 100 cases of mangled destruction were reported in mumbai in 2018, both on government and private land, the mangroves number and his Community Project a part of the ecosystem that occupies only 0 point one percent of the earths surface, and thats how scouts they are. The state of master, which mumbai is a part of, is the only state in india to have whats called a man groups dedicated to their conservation. The sale relies on participate re projects like the ngos she read on to save the citys mangrove. The contribution of bondo fishing village mysie minuscule today. But its thanks to the initiative of fishing communities like this one, that the rest of the city may now stand a chance against rising sea levels in years to come. Water is not only a threat, it is also an essential element in our lives. For centuries, cities have been built close to water sources. Citizens have access to enough, but vast growth in urbanization is having an unforeseen effect on the foundations of the cities themselves. Where will you be when your city sinks . And what does that have to do with drinking a glass of water . Joe carter, mexico city, calcutta, miami, hundreds of millions of people live in drowning 50, some of which could be wiped off the map in a lifetime. People are fighting harder than ever to stay afloat in a way to how those but let me one of the people the carbonite of where everything is coming from. And what in the last 25 years, all the thermal Energy Heating the oceans as up to as much as 3600000000, atom bombs, thats melted ice raids, sea levels, and made it 3, weather, even more extreme in just a few decades. Storms and floods but used it once a century, many coastal cities every single year. But Climate Change if any hot story. d d d in spurling megacities from jakarta to lagos, the bigger problem is that the land itself, literally sinking from rebel to the land of fighting 10 times faster against the number of the right wing. Combined with Sea Level Rise may was a real interest because you see these if we are looking for a would be way out of the me this is because were very directed rivers and built cities on soft soils. The ground of just solid. Theres also water and have been ether feet, but people across the world have dug deep wells and pumped up the groundwater. Less water means less pressure pushing up on the land above it. So the soils get squashed and the cities think this is how much for major asian cities are falling by each year. It may not look like a lot, but it quickly adds up. Over the last century, bangkok has sunk by more than one meter. Shanghai by more than 2 meters, at least codell to by more than 3 meters and eastern tokyo by more than for me to parts of california have dropped by the height of the house. The indonesian capital jakarta has at the worst imagine a baby born today. By the time that child having only think high of cosplay or in the city will be under water. Why is dakota thinking so . Well, indonesias groundwater problems are worse than most like the car in bangladesh to cut of river to full of plastic and whites. Our government can only use 60 percent of the supply of what that is. What we got by doing. So 58 percent of people relate undergird. What are add to that . The fact that kata sits on swampland is home to 13 rivets and is among the most densely populated cities in the world. But reason to learn. Calcutta is also sinking, even if its just a few millimeters each year. The cause massive extraction of groundwater in parts of the city. Almost a quarter of the water used by calcutta residents comes from the ground. And the way the law groundwater act, you know, i do it. Yeah, yeah, he did it, but i thought if we cannot stop it, why do you want that . The consequences are already visible in some parts of the city. Tiny fishes. But scientists believe that if allowed to develop, the result could be devastating. The process is in full swing. The few months ago, the ground gave way via during construction work on a metro. You cannot go that day and its a day begin not being bad. They had said yesterday levered that wasnt going to be as big as the bison. But how much worse can it really get . Honestly, along the major study last year found that scientists have wildly underestimate the number of people exposed to flooding. Climate central find this estimate 3 times as many people at risk of coastal flooding than we thought many live on the same river deltas that are rapidly subsiding. Now, the study didnt account for coastal defensive, like sea walls, berms or levees. So its not like the city to do, but it shows theres less room for them to for all this catastrophe, particularly for citizens who cant afford to move of the water presses in some cities that dropped meat of last century have pretty much stopped. Sinkers, tokyo and shanghai restricted how much groundwater citizens could extract and recharge water supply that would run dry. With a simple, maybe from just one if actually kind of manageable. But in cities like to cotter residents dont have easy access to other sources of drinking water. The government would 1st have to spend years cleaning up rivets before it could pipe water across the country. Instead of building a giant. But experts say this just delayed the problem and isnt even the best way to spend the money. If we do it with the management, its only 10000000000. If we do this, that will give you the turkey picture. Because in future is still very much in our Scientists Say we can limit Sea Level Rise to less than half the meat of this century by rapidly cutting our emissions even half a meter for some cities could already be too much estimates, put the Sea Level Rise around venice in italy at more than 20 centimeters higher than a century ago to that high tides. And you have shops and the cathedral in italy is lagoon city, facing a deluge more often than before. Now floodgates are being tested to protect the city, but many inhabitants remain skeptical. Monica amber seanie doesnt have an easy job. She has to persuade the public that venice is on the brink of salvation. She says spokeswoman for the huge most say flood protection project. Its pastie significant tests, but its taken me in a decade to complete. People have lost faith after so many years. They cant see an end to it all. And november 29th, much of the city was flooded and damaged. In october, the most a flood gates would tested, they prevented high waters from reaching the city, but the system is still in its test phase, monica amber seanie took us to believe where the venetian lagoon connects with the adriatic sea. Our journey ended at the new key wall of the Security Guard told us we were not allowed to come any closer to safety reasons. Its still in the test phase after all. So we had to maine do observing this mammoth construction from a distance. This project poses a real engineering challenge to begin with 40 foundation payloads, 60 metres long will lowered into the water and connected by an underwater lock system. Then 78. 00 movable chambers, each weighing over 300. 00 tons were placed above them. Was to get on the sea, meet. These enormous floating gates had to be positioned right alongside each other. There was a 5 millimeter margins repeat, it was an extremely precise remote controlled underwater operation. On place. Was an economy to this area between the lagoon in the sea has been a construction site for 17 years. There have been various interruptions and a series of corruption scandals leading to arrests. This is also why most say still has a poor reputation among many venetian loss. And geria bury me as one of the most vocal critics of the project, which he says lacks transparency. Which wastes of public money like weve never seen before. He thinks that there are other ways of protecting this cissie together with a fellow campaigner from his association. He showed us the damage caused by the storms and floods. Last november. Many walls were destroyed, but the jew deca island served as a bowl walk and prevented similar damage in other parts of the city of eden on want to the how much of the most a funds could have used for effective flood Protection Systems in the whole city. Because of Climate Change, there are going to be more and more storms and floods in the future, and theyll be more intense on the real on skeptics believe in the long run. These mobile locks in the aging attic sea wont protect venice and jay every night as among them. Hes also angry that the most a money wasnt used to maintain the citys historic buildings. If the floods are a problem, but the ships and the cruisers or worse because theyre causing the foundations of the city to road and theyre in danger in the structures that the future dollar for knowing what it would make sense to drain the canals on a regular basis and renovate the foundations, but this Maintenance Work hasnt been done for decades. Following the successful tests in october, monika amber seanie is more optimistic about most say, and that it will be able to go into full operation in the coming year then and how. The 17 year construction period and all the stress surrounding it may all finally be worth it. What if we didnt need protection from rising water in the future . Because we lived on the water with islands and cities threatened with drowning architects are looking at how to rebuild them on the ocean surface. d some countries are already taking their 1st battle in the netherlands, for example, living on water in the city center. One day more than a 100 people live on this side canal to down markers schmidt and his wife, Yvonne Tunney are among the 1st residents to the slim. Its a different way of life. Here. The water sparkles and reflects everywhere. And now, yes, you experience it much, much more their house is one of 30 buildings that are part of the project. And each building has its own design. But they all have one thing in common. They float on special concrete rafts fastened on 2 pillars. The Swimming Foundation needs to be able to carry several 100 tons. Will be balanced precisely. Here at harvard is one of the project architects. Because you have to go every thing that you put on the boat, how heavy it will be. Because if you put in too much weight, it will be too low. And then the water starts to come. In 20 different architects were involved in the project. The houses were built on land and then brought to the dock by boat. Sustainable and eco Friendly Materials were used for the houses. The facade of peda reichs home is made of cork. You had lots of discussions with a whole group, and we had help from different pfizers on materials. So we ended up with a listing green orange less than a red list. Wreckless was a no go orange was ok if you really have to. Because of course, reasons or technical reasons, but prefer try to use only materials from the greenest. So on the green list and we like this very much. Oh, that was arch our students are living on water, has a long tradition in our house. Boats can be seen on almost every canal. One of the 1st floating districts was built a couple of years ago in the district of eyeball 50 houses on artificial islands. Now the trend is spreading to other european cities in london, for example, where british architects back and are planning Floating Homes in the royal docks. Copenhagen has responded to the lack of Affordable Student Housing with the socalled 12 floating houses designed by star architect. He doesnt shy away from even greater visions of floating for 10000 people in regions threatened by Climate Change. We think we in the future, we will need more housing on the water for several reasons because this the city is very full. But also because of sea level rising, for instance, so we will need this kind of projects, and we want to be a showcase in that sense for yvonne van sarka marcus schmidt. This vision has become a reality 115 square meters. 2 flaws on a roof garden. Its almost like a house in the countryside. But this one difference, their entire home sways disk. Heading felt sick yet, but i did have a day where i thought i need to set foot on solid ground. But its a small price to pay for their dream of living on water. Around 31000000, people want to fix it by floods across the world. Lost lives were lost, possessions in a single year. Flooding caused almost 70000000000. 00 euros in economic losses. For weavers in canada, it meant losing their livelihoods, but with a dollar, they found hope for the future. The heat this miniature dog has become a symbol of hope and resilience for the people of gaza, who survived a devastating bellews that hit the state in 2018. And each one is made by hand from hand that were drenched beyond repair in the flood waters. When they looked the fabric, you just go to nature and cleaned it still had stains and so on. And i could see that it does a lot of those days because they had a way you go, you could see stains, and they maybe had this thought in august 2018, catastrophic flooding that cost more than 400 people their lives and 5000000 their homes and livelihoods to the very verge of the traditional honeymoon, capital of gender, among them and suffered damages that were a cemented to be around 150000000 rupees, or close to 1700000 euros. It left it on the radio, all the equipment was destroyed. They were broken to the point to be felt there was no way we could salvage them. I was the one who had i 1st and i saw the die a condition. I remember thinking i weaving days are over. We would have to start from scratch and that was unlikely that were moving into the middle of this chain among critics will hire looms or use around 500 doctors who for generations have been reading with a fine art of courting. The young that is hardly found in india today, soon after the flood, scorching base designers. Shalini james corden, talks with the viewers supported by her network of designer friends. She dry cleaned some of the fabric and also managed to raise funds for the community. Who would say, why did it for the society was that most of their confidence gave the weavers, you know, some light of hope that you know, there are people out there people theyve never seen or heard of before. Who are interested in keeping to normal life. The problem, the fear that a large quantity of their fabric had been damaged beyond repair and have become but this luxury menin is one of 2 designers who came up with the project to make dollars from the fabric that could be saved there in cottage, people not only to buy the dog, but also to participate in making them a different guy. A dog that does actually made in 9 countries buy 8130000 volunteers. They expression the decoration. Everything is different in its actually that makes it all the more, you know, Beautiful People are very keen to be thought perfect because they feel that if theyve make one chick with a dog, they also have one fat. One brick in rebuilding. Ringback one of 500. 00 societies that contribute to that had lost fabric once over 2000000 rupees or around going 220000 euros in the flood. But the sale of dollars brought in almost 3400000. 00 rupees, or almost 39000. 00 euro as for the in just 4 months. They dont take pride in their new identity by the people, you know, if i work as the weavers of john the mongol, im but now because of she could be more people are interested in finding out more about us and what we do anyway. Let me ask the school Climate Change induced floods again next year. Perhaps the represent a dying testament to the state resilient spirit. Thank you for joining us on india. If you have any thoughts, questions, please let us know at eco, india at blue dot com next week. Goodbye. 63. And on demand language courses. Getting and w. V. U. Personal drama competition. Private marketing number was here. By the time and traditional love, hate money, millionaire fans, friends, pirates, and all you go to calls on you tube. Joining us from the ghetto. Going to come to us, bobby pop star rails against come up short. Lets turn to this one coming from booker family to become president. Challenges and doesnt seem credible story. Bobby one starts december 10th on t w. This is d. W. News live from the mania begins handing over disputed territory to as a by shark under a contentious taste deal. Several districts in the nagornokarabakh region come on, the very controlled uncertainty lies ahead for those leaving their homes. Also coming out 75 years ago, the nazi war crimes trials began in nuremberg. I set a legal precedent on Holding International leaders to account for their actions and laid the foundation for todays criminal court in the had jumped in and found shes guilty on the 122200 bits of data to speak to the last living prosecutor here to help hold top nazi officials accountable as a consequence. Im Rebecca Ritters welcome to the program. As aversions, army says it has entered the 1st of 3 districts to be handed back by armenia as part of the contentious peace accord. The agreement was brokered by russia and ended wakes, of fighting over the disputed region in and around nagornokarabakh as marked here in red. On this map. It is a region inside azerbaijan, but populated by ethnic main ians. They have controlled the territory and the surrounding areas for decades. But in september, forces started an offensive to reclaim the disputed territory, quickly overpowering their armenian counterparts out of the pay, steal the borders and are going to have been with regular grade drawn robber. And i mean, and troops must leave the regions they have lost control of by december 1st. The fighting is officially over bots. Normalise is still a long way off for those affected by the conflict and show and has 0. Its a joyful moment for some, only united after weeks of fear. Now that the fighting in nagornokarabakh has ended, hundreds of refugees are returning to their homes in state care to every day. Russian peacekeepers watch over the process. But not everyone has a home to come back to and i need to get it quickly and her mother are from the nearby city of shushi, which is now under us airy control. Just like for many here to them. The recent peace deal is a betrayal. We dont know what we will do and where we will land. We just came here because we have no other option. We dont have a home. I left everything behind in shoes. She a 2 bedroom apartment with everything in us. Old enough and man of a said i didnt even manage to take any clothing with me. My neighbors dog, some of my clothes, one of everything, and this is wash. I came here in with a population of just over 50000 people is the biggest city in here think they could soon be dealing with up to 25000 refugees from nearby regions which are no longer under armenian control. I have prepared several hotels so that people can live there for now. While we Start Building more houses, that people who have come from the regions all want to live in stock on the cards. And we have to explain to them this step on a card isnt big enough to provide for everyone. We have to send them to live in villages in other areas. Even for those who didnt leave, theres a lot of rebuilding to do. Traces of the recent war lurk around every corner. People in have gotten used to living in the middle of a frozen conflict. But after the most recent fighting, even that normality seems far away is preparing for the return of his children and grandchildren who left during the fighting. The windows of his building got blown out in a bomb blast for now, plastic sheets will have to do instead. The 65 year old says he and his neighbors lived in the basement for around 3 weeks. Many can still remember the fierce fighting of the 990 s. I thought i was machine gunfire back and forth. This time it was really scary weapons. We have to start over now. We dont have anything. We dont have work either, but were going to do our best to live well. Even with destruction everywhere, most people say leaving is not an option. Even if no court in a couple has just gotten smaller, it will always be their homeland. Lets turn now to some other stories making headlines around the world. Un agencies have called for a cease fire in the opiate to help refugees escape the fighting in the north of the country. Thousands of people have fled the region with many seeking refuge in neighboring sedan. Fighting began 2 weeks ago between ethiopias government and rebels in the tikrit region. Police in uganda now say at least 37 people have died in clashes during protests over the arrest of opposition. President ial candidate, bobby why . The popular musician was accused of violating covert guidelines, while campaigning. Were getting reports that one has since been granted bail. Officials in the u. S. State of georgia, say a hand tally of votes. Cast in the president ial election confirms democrat, joe biden won the state. The recount of around 5000000 votes came from an audit required by a new state law and was not due to any problems with the original count. 75 years ago today, the trials opened in nuremberg of 24 high ranking members of the nazi dictatorship. The judicial proceedings were the 1st of their kind. The nuremberg trials saw to hold individuals to account instead of punishing an entire nation. I also laid the foundations for todays International Criminal court in the hague. Trikes marshall, hermann goering, hitlers Deputy Rudolf Hess and chief are the oldest Alfred Rosenberg in the dark on november 20th, 1945, many of the leading nazi figures had by then gone into hiding or committed suicide, including hitler. But for the 1st time in history, the rulers of a country had to answer to an International Criminal court. The allies wanted to show that the individuals would be held responsible for the crimes of the nazis, not the german people as a home. The charges against the main war, criminals included conspiracy against world pace planning, unleashing and conducting a war of aggression, crimes and violations of martial law. Crimes against humanity. Because youre going to liken it to a not guilty like home and getting none of the accused. Were willing to take responsibility. Many germans only learnt about the unbelievable extent of the crimes during the trial. On october 1st, 946, the sentences were handed down 3 acquittals, 3 life sentences for prison sentences, 12 death sentences were carried out shortly afterwards. The nuremberg trials became a historical milestone. They paved the way for the future International Criminal court in the hague. Earlier i spoke to philip sands is director of the center of International Courts and tribunals at University College london. And i asked him about the importance of the nuremberg trials. Well, it was the 1st time in Human History that any International Criminal trial had taken place. So it truly was a 1st and they literally had to invent new crimes to employ to these defendants. You mentioned crimes against humanity, but of course it was on this day 75 years ago that the word genocide was 1st used because it was treated as a war crime. So it was a wholly original process untried, untested completely new waters. Bringing the prosecutions against nazi officials faced a daunting task. One man there at the time was benjamin ferenc. It was just 27 years old when he came face to face with the horrors of the concentration camps and started to build his case. Hes now the last living member of the tame who helped hold nazi officials to account for their crimes. He spoke today about his historic role and i got 30 indignant, and i said, loath i gotta find harris, you matt meagher to run for president. Im not going to have you back to go. Benjamin ferenc was the chief prosecutor in the trial of s. S. Death squad members at nurnberg. In 1947. He was 27 years old and had already fought as a us soldier against the nazis might. For simon was to set up a walk around ranch where youre only going into concentration camps as they were liberated. Nobody saw what i saw because they got in hot. Right where you are. And they were near. Dead bodies lying on the ground, piled up, waiting to be encouraged by the criminal lawyer. Friends collected evidence of nazi war crimes. In the trials, he brought charges against more than 20 men for murdering a 1000000 people. In his indictment however, he stressed that he didnt want revenge vengeance. I sure hope cannot balance the scales and judge which on the one hand, im not 200, no, i havent got a 1000000 votes. That said it cant be done. You know, no reach out to us in a situation like this new elections. Weve learned that the unions, you know, were on the screen. There are common this or that, call up there to see if you know you can share, you know, his act out through his use of the arctic security center. I said, if we can make that a crime and that is a crime, not its sleaze. Lets suppose its a crime against your mind that the trials ended in 1988 with guilty verdicts for the 22 defendants. But france didnt stop there. He continued to fight for justice and push to establish an International Criminal court. That court became a reality in 1908 at a conference in rome. Ferenc was there through that riyadh role to speak for those who cannot speak with victims. And the only authority out comes from my op. So its really what is only the beginning, asking no more and really never to set a record on record that you wouldnt future to deter any such crime. The i. C. C. Has been in operation in the hague since 2002. In just over 2 dozen cases, it has investigated possible war crimes and crimes against humanity. Ferenc has traveled to the hague several times to take part. Ive come a long way in what ive seen when you have been international trouble or it has its problems. Serious problems. You dont get a little awkward action. You have more cooperation, but he says, the secret to succeeding at this is simple. Never give up. Well the pandemic has turned 2020 year into a truly exceptional here. For most people, keep their distance where a face mask stay at home, have become the new normal. But how have children adapted . Our reporters met up with some burning youngsters to find out what they know and feel about the coronavirus thats changed our lives. Because according to the memory, is there a real need for a while back in may. In fact, 5, does that make maybe blog or no fun missing . He will soon, but do no one to tell you from the world for months. What i heard a long slog on the tulsa movie had been up, but its the old east coast. Initially i was told is been open. All bush could do for those joints. It was blinking, making out, wouldnt waste any thing in the snow on my last stand. I mean, moving from meet her mom or anyone for that a loan was mine like that of my niece and it struck him just not on the ball still in the 181 for culture clash in the city, the kind that ought to norwich enough. I think everything and weve done that, and thats the window kid is equal. All are knocking michael board out like 53. I need a fag colinet now watching day to day news has a reminder of the top story were following for you. Mania has begun its handover of several districts to azerbaijan, as part of a contentious peace accord. There are broken agreement and in weeks of fighting over the disputed region can an around the corner kind of thats the name is pronounced even bay as they will bring it to business headlines in just a moment. The time go a look at you can always stay up to date on our web site. Thats today w dot com and follow us on social media and instagram and twitter at data with the news. Im rebecca written investment. To go beyond that as we take on the world is a story that matter to you