To dede. Glad you could join us. Cons are demanding accountability after that of australian troops allegedly killed at least 39. 00 afghans in cold blood. During deployments in afghanistan, a 4 year investigation by the Australian Defense forces found that the troops of elite army units were involved in dozens of unlawful killings which could amount to walk. Crimes. Australian troops have been in afghanistan for nearly 20 years as a majority of the alleged mud were committed in 20122013. The alleged actions of australian forces, enough aniston being described as one of the darkest chapters in the countrys military history. The defense minister Linda Reynolds made no secret of her revulsion at the report 2 weeks ago. And it made me physically ill. And it was very, very distressing raid. Because i know she said the consequences should be far reaching and doesnt represent. Its not just about the individuals who committed these allege and crimes, but its also lessons for throughout the child of command, within the i. D. F. Within defense. And there are also lessons i think, for government as well. So we have to accept it for what it is. This is not fog of war. Theres allegations of absolute, clear cut, murder, and war crimes that the troops are alleged to have unlawfully killed prisoners, farmers, and other civilians. Not in the heat of battle, but often as part of an initiation ritual for inexperienced soldiers called blooding. The head of the armed forces said it was deeply disturbing to the people of afghanistan on behalf of the Australian Defense force. I sincerely and unreservedly apologize for any wrongdoing by a stroll in soldiers. Such alleged behavior profoundly disrespected the trust placed you know, us by the Afghan People who would ask us to their country to help them. Now he went along with the reports recommendations to refer 900 soldiers to potential prosecution in afghanistan, the countrys human rights body is also calling for the perpetrators to stand trial. But the question remains when and when the victims will get justice. Joining me now from head of that rest on afghanistan as a journalist, i believe that the fear of going to silence schuman rights body, has called for prosecutions of the soldiers. But what does the government stand . To be honest, the government has been very quiet so far. Theyve essentially just issued a statement saying that the australians made this Information Available that they apologized, that they, you know, put in the effort to put out this report. But they havent actually taken any kind of a hard and on australians, they havent asked for any specific prosecution or any other kind of recompense. They just acknowledge that this report exists. What is the reason behind this fergusons to be quite honest that ive won government is in a position where they have to keep foreign governments have be, you know, at the end of this month will be the change of a conference. And that conference, different donor nations, including australia, will decide how much money they want to give up on this thought. And a lot, few days theyve issued a report detailing exactly what they expect the on government to do on 1. 00 government doesnt feel like theyre in a position to really call for anything from these foreign governments, from which they are getting aid military assistance as a sense with the training of their military and also part of the reason might be that all of australias combat forces are now out of on this thought. So theres not really much that they can hold them accountable to here. And the government just is reticent to, you know, really rattle any cages in any foreign capitals. And youve also been speaking to people, you know, afghanistan about the findings of this report. What people have been telling you its not surprising. Its absolutely not surprising because weve had similar, its what the germans income does with the United States and condos and other provinces. Weve had it with i want government on where there have been drone strikes. Air strikes are there have been night raids where there have been reports of abuse in prisons and detention. So none of this is unfortunately rare or new. The one thing that theyre saying is that, you know, this should be further proof that these, this is not an isolated case. This is not just something going on with australians. We have to hold every count, country accountable for these kinds of actions. But there has to be full prosecutions. How confident are people that the prosecutions eventually will be carried out . Theres blood and there is the likelihood that the prosecutions will be carried out. For instance, with the case of robert bales who had 2012, went to a village and con dog killed, you know, resident women and children. And that night they called for him to be tried here, but he ended up being tried in the United States. And again, when he was tried in the United States in 2013, i want people wanted him put to death. Well, all he got what he got was life in prison. And so there is confidence that a trial could happen, but the outcome of the trial is whats really important to the people. Right, pretty even there for the time being. I mean, if youre speaking to us from head up and just watch the flood stats from spawning of, theres this summer and in previous years, foreshadow what people there can expect from Climate Change, farmland is disappearing, making it harder to raise crops that we feed the countrys growing population, but fun most in the Southern Province of bunsen have revived an old technique to keep their fortunes afloat. Every year the monsoon rains, flood more and more land in southern bangladesh. Oh, by dhamaal as vegetable fields now, floods for 8 months of the year. But model has found a solution, is vegetable patches. Now float a top, the waist high, water i go, i watched my father do this. He had some plants on the water. But back then it wasnt systematic. We developed it further. We have no choice but to do this if we dont want to go hungry around that at 1st mama had to get used to life in and on the water, but is efforts of borne fruit. The squash is growing faster than ever before. He will soon be able to harvest them opposite of the crops grown on the water taste better and have more vitamins. We dont need any artificial fertilizers or compost here. Thats why these vegetables are better than the ones that grow on the land. Much better malo already has new seedlings growing near by the roots, tap nutrients directly from the water. They are grown in compost, which is some light that it floats. Theres hardly any current here. So the vegetable patches which are held together with nets gently float on the water. Bangladeshs government subsidizes floating farms, spinach, tomatoes, cauliflower, and squash. A 3rd of the land could soon be flooded because of Climate Change. The floating gardens, which have been limited to this relatively small area, could become a model for the whole of bangladesh. What did obama . Because you dont want the bangladesh still produces enough food to feed itself. What we dont have enough of is safe foods. That is, foods that are not contaminated with pollutants, therefore these gardens make a key contribution. Since the farmers here use far fewer pesticides as there are fewer passed on the water, thats an advantage for obama. At the local wholesale market, he not only sells his property use, he also sells seedlings to other farmers. Here is the equivalent of 300. 00 euros per month. 3 times the average in this region. For him switching to a floating farm has been worth it. My view is that the seedlings that are grown on the land are weaker. Ours are more resistant, and they look fresher. Thats why we sell more than the land based farmers do. Our water seedlings are more sought after and we can command higher prices, you know, and thats also why the farmers of body soll are planning a massive expansion of the floating gardens. After all, bangladesh has always had plenty of water, and now it has even more theres a new face thats popped up among the crowds, flocking to the prodemocracy protests in thailand. But just as you could say, taken under their wing, theyve come in handy in the face of Water Cannons and a bit of levity to demonstrations that have grown increasingly tense. That bringing a whole new meaning to the phrase duck and cover what started as a bitter front during antigovernment protests to mark m. P. s has turned into something a bit more potent. These inflatable ducks are now at the front line of clashes between protesters and the police. Used as shields in the face of police water cannon. Its fair to say the protesters have taken to defending themselves like ducks to get the rest. I dont get how many filing i was going to make as to billys have been fired. Water cannon has us. We wouldnt have had to use them as shields. Theyd just be a toy for kids. If the police hadnt done this, we wouldnt need a duck shield to save us. I mean, that man will make of these protesters wants democratic and constitutional reform in thailand. But while the demonstrations have been getting increasingly fractious and violent, the inflatable ducks have brought some much needed relief. I want but the information will dots, why me supposed to be in the water . Its one or the place because hes turned out so he can put them to good use, which made me laugh. I mean, i mean up it with the government showing little sign of expecting the protestors demands. That will be more focused than ever on getting all that ducks in iraq. And thats it. Theres more on our website it up with. Even now with pictures from an elephants away, the bad day that happened. He got turned around. He has a look at his rescue from a well in the southern time or indian state of time allowed to go back next week. The fight against the coronavirus pandemic. As the rate of infection in developing the latest Research Information and contacts from those despite coming from a close family, the pop star wants to become president just because a credible story starts december 10th. The corona virus is a respiratory disease. It attacks the lungs and other organs in its attempt to infect a toast. But it has another strategy. Air pollution. Scientists believe it uses fine particulate matter as a carrier. Studies show the pollution also lays the groundwork for the virus aggravating the throat and lungs to make us more susceptible to covert a toxic and potentially deadly partnership. Air pollution and covert 19 invisible killer and its little helper. A lot of cities around the world have been promising to clean up their act and clear the air. Now theyve got another reason to act. A coronavirus. There are many sources of particulate pollution. The primary one is emissions from combustion in power plants. Planes and car engines, vehicles also produce particles through break where anti reparation. Agricultural emissions are also a big contributor. Particles invisible to the naked eye, a classified by diameter, pm 10 of 10. My creamy tis all smaller. Fine inhalable particles have damage as of 2. 5 micro meters or less. And then there are all true fine particles less than 0 point one micro meters in diameter, depending on their size and how deeply they penetrate tissue. Inhaled particles, have different effects on health. Get up and i was here and we believe that the smaller the particular matter is the greater the probability is that it will reach the bloodstream after in hellacious and be taken up by the cardiovascular system. If these tiny particles can build up in arteries and damage their insides and thats where the sars code to virus also causes much of its most serious damage. As recent studies show, as it hasnt tried to shut us from the Decisive Point is that we have discovered that the virus infection in covert 19 mainly affects the inner layer of the blood vessels. The socalled and the seal cells. And as it happens, that is also the target of a fine particular matter. Theres a strong correlation between air pollution and covert 19 mortality rates. The risk of dying from the disease is higher, the longer we are exposed to air polluted with these particles. Thats the result of a study coauthored by the scientist in mind. It came to the conclusion that a stunning 15 percent of covert 1000 related deaths worldwide are linked to long term exposure to pollution based on health records. The also say that the figure for north america amounts to 17 percent 19 percent for europe, and about 27 percent in east asia. This highlights the risks posed by at pollution even before the pandemic. We currently have more than 1000000 deaths from the corona virus pandemic. But we know that a particular matter causes nearly 9000000 deaths a year worldwide. Thats an indication of how much attention the coronavirus is getting compared to particulate pollution. I believe we need to rethink properly. Scientists say policymakers need to do more to combat air pollution and they need to take the recommendations of the World Health Organization seriously. Prints very need limits for fine particular matter that protect us from the impact on health. W. H. O. Defines the limits of 10 micrograms per cubic meter as healthy, while 90 percent of the World Population effectively lives above that limit. The correlation between ad pollution and Health Outcomes exists even if the connection hasnt been directly proven so far. Many scientists are convinced that very high levels of particulate matter in the end we breathe weakens our immune response and bounce a matter of grave concern. Especially in the time of the coronavirus. Just really felt his managing director of the Max Planck Institute for chemistry and minds where he heads the department of atmospheric chemistry and lead that study. We mentioned in the report you found exposure to particulate air pollution contributes 15 percent to total mortality. How did you get to that result . Yes, well, we are combining data. And primarily we were using a study in the United States. It made use of an analysis of 65000000. 00. People who participated in medicare. And there they had analyzed all the relationship between air pollution and premature death from covert. How do you manage to measure something . So tiny is this fine particulate matter that we mentioned in this . Well, you can measure it directly in, for example, in air quality networks. But we also make use of measurements in space because the small particles that come into your lungs are also about the same size as the wavelength of the light of the sun. So they scatter to reflect the sunlight in song from the instruments. You could see them quite well. It sounds like fascinating stuff, but at the end of the day, the more polluted your skies are, the higher the risk of catching tobit is, is that right . Well its actually more the, the air pollution causes preconditions or it aggravates preconditions that causes it more severe outcome of covert 19. So you cant really say its possible, but thats something we dont know that air pollution causes or allows covert 19 to become to get infected more easily. But the main reason we think is that air pollution causes preconditions that aggravate the over 1000 outcome. I guess that the Great Lockdown was a great thing in the air pollution fell in many cities, meaning fuel coated, carrying particles around and less aggravation. Yes, its a little bit more complicated than that. This is possible, but this would be this direct effect. For example, if air pollution triggers the body to be more receptive of the virus, that would certainly be reduced with a covert look down. But the point is that the long term exposure to air pollution causes chronic diseases like lung diseases including lung cancer. Cardiovascular disease is heart conditions, etc. And these are exactly the conditions that make the suffering from cove. It more severe. So its, its more the preconditioning actually that, that where the air pollution plays a role. So we cant just be tapping the cold or pandemic. We need to be tackling absolution definitely we will. Yeah. Its just another example of air pollution causing a diseases. And of course its already effect there. We knew it causes Life Expectancy to be shorter. But now we also see that theres a direct relationship with covert 19, which is not entirely surprising because the disease actually, you know, through the lungs through the cardiovascular system is very similar as the effects of, of air pollution and death again is very similar as the effects of smoking, which is also a precondition that makes the outcome of covert 1000. 00 more severe. I understand why it took the world so long to understand the dangers of tobacco, considering the huge corporations behind the advertising campaigns. But what about em, pollution . I mean, was it taken a so long to catch on to the fact that its bad for us . Yes. Well, many people have known this for a long time, but its of course not so easy to do something about it. I mean, in europe we have, we have programs trying to reduce air pollution, but its has of course, economic implications. And its not only a cost factor in terms of, you know, reducing the emissions. Of course you gain on the other strike because you have less health expenses. But you know, this is a system that needs to be politically controlled because the, the person who, who profits from better air quality is not the person who would have to pay for reducing it. So this is really a question of putting policies in place and making sure that those who actually pay for the mighty geisha measures of the reduction of pollution. But also in some way profit and not are the only ones to pay for those that he said, managing director of the Max Planck Institute for chemistry in mind. Thank you very much. Bio intake and pfizer are applying in the u. S. For a merge and say use of the vaccine at the 1st to do so. That Companies Say a good Safety Record should qualify it for use before final testing is completed. A limited number of shots could be ready next month. And the money more time this week is there williams . Our science correspondent answering your questions on the coronavirus. Why are mortality rates so low and densely populated country like india . India has the 2nd highest number of reported coben 1000 cases in the world behind, the u. S. But has only logged about half as many deaths. So to put that in terms that weve all become familiar with, it appears to have an extremely low case fatality rate compared to most western countries. Why . We dont know, but the experts trying to puzzle it out say a number of different factors are probably playing roles 1st, of course, is that almost all agree that under reporting as involved as they say that india struggled to record accurate death statistics under, under normal circumstances, before the pandemic, and if anything, Health Officials have been struggling more since it began, but, but is there more to it than that . Another line of thinking says young average age in indias population could also be making a difference. And then there are some researchers who believe that whats known as the hygiene hypothesis could be involved. It postulates that people exposed to more pathogens early in life are less likely to develop the overreactive, the new systems later, which cause autoimmune conditions like allergies. And as we know many, if not most over 1000 patients die, basically because of an auto immune reaction that spins out of control. So are a lot more indian surviving because there are immune systems had to learn to deal with a much wider range of pathogens as children. And they dont go into a tailspin now when they catch sars coke to. Maybe its an interesting of all this is but, but its also one thats hard to prove when and by the way, many of the same arguments are being used to explain whats going on in most of africa, where people also arent getting as sick and dying at rates that experts initially predicted they would, Eric Williams said, ive been fizzling for any other developments on the virus goes well website at the call of slash 295. But to me, misery in trying to devastating damage destroyed to finance can even villages. The survivors started creating dollars from damage. Cloth, giving up was never an option. And a story of success. Who came to keep things the minutes on w t. You know, globalized world. Where everything is connected, all it takes is a school to set things in motion. Local hero show called their ideas, can change the world global 3000 d. W. In the Climate Change a city people want to do years, do they have their future . G. W. Dot com, African American cities for the melting. Just click for him as a company for sale. Old loves us right now in the uk Climate Change because it often stores this is my place to wait for one week. Really just we still have time to ask. Im going said frank Food International gateway to the best connection, self in road and rail. Located in the heart of europe, you are connected to the whole world experience outstanding shopping and dining offers. Triallists services. Bialik, gassed at frankfurt, airport city, managed by truck part this is d. W. News live from berlin. I mean, here, begins had to go over disputed territory to azerbaijan, under a contentious peace deal, several districts. And im not going to karabakh region calm under is very controlled, but im certain to lies ahead for those leaving their hearts. Also coming out. Shocking conditions inside enables planning to shed light on this management and underfunding insolvent. Italys health sector, we hear from a woman whose father died from close at 9 taint of that very hospital