Im Claire Richards and welcome to the show. Lawmakers in germany have voted to give the governments new powers, meant to make it easier to tackle the coronavirus crisis. They include new measures that would make it possible to impose restrictions on social contacts and shut down shops and sporting events. But thousands of demonstrators came out to protest the move defying bans and clashing with police in berlin. I, i am. Water cannon and pepper spray deployed by police to disperse the demonstrators. Thousands gathered near the German Parliament building a crowd, including antigovernment protesters, coronavirus skeptics, and members of far right groups. Many were not Wearing Masks or maintaining social distancing. They were protesting against coronavirus restrictions, which they see as a violation one of their civil rights. By little, by little, in my opinion, the restrictions are disproportionate. Surely it should have been possible to come up with other measures that dont cause so much suffering. You still believe i am here for my children and my grandchildren. I will not allow their freedom to be taken away. Yeah. Well Police Clashed with protesters outside lawmakers inside parliament who are largely in agreement and approve the new infection protections long. The law is meant to put the governments response of the coronavirus on the stronger legal footing. Previous legislation only listed broad general provisions and didnt foresee the severity of the pandemic, or the specific restrictions needed to rein it in. This led to local courts, overturning some of the measures. The new law defines more concretely which restrictions can be introduced, including mandatory face masks, limited social contacts, and restaurant closures. Health minister, yes, spawn, defended the measures and criticize those protesting against them. To be laughed out to be against it, or even to deny the obvious oh, that is possible and must be possible in a free and open country. But those who are allowed are far from being right and certainly not in the majority. This did not deter the demonstrators outside, despite polls showing they are in the minority. A recent survey found 56 percent of germans believe the restrictions are justified. And some actually want even stricter measures. And these Political Correspondent was out in berlin at that protest covering that on wednesday. Again, it was a very mixed crowd of people who came to the island today to demonstrate against the anti corona measures. There are people here who deny the existence of the coronavirus other people compatible americal, the german chancellor. And they question the legitimacy of the German Government as a whole. But what unites them . These demonstrators is a rejection of the governments handling of the corona virus pandemic. Here to protest the amendments, all the Infection Prevention law and those amendments were passed for both chambers of parliament in berlin today. Now the police saw themselves forced to end the protests very early on, because these people here dont believe in hygiene rules. They didnt stick to social distancing rules. Vast majority of them werent wearing any masks. So the police went in with more to plan than to try and disperse the crowd. But these are, of course, very impressive images. But if you believe the latest polls, this is not the majority of german people, the vast majority of germans support the government in its place. That some of them even want stricter measures to be enforced. And the governments strategy is still to try and flatten the color of new infections so that the German Health system can still cope. There. Lets take a look now at some other stories making headlines around the world. Thousands have been marching through central warsaw, protesting moves to tighten polands abortion law. Its the latest in a series of demonstrations. Last month, a court handed down a ruling that would impose a near total ban on abortion. The ruling has yet to go into effect. Thousands of antigovernment protesters a gathered in the thai capital, bangkok as lawmakers rejected their demands for sweeping changes to the constitution. Demonstrators want the Prime Minister to step down and curbs on the power of the monarchy. Protests a day earlier left more than say, people injured. Ugandan president ial candidate and pop star bobby wine has been, are arrested again. This time while campaigning, police had warned that candidates faced arrest if they broke guidelines limiting rallies to 200 people during the pandemic. Mr. White hopes to replace uganda as a long ruling president. The u. S. Federal Aviation Administration says boeings 737. 00 max of jet will be allowed to fly again. If planes are fitted with new software. Aircraft was grounded in march last year, after 2 crashes killed nearly 350 people. Officials have said that schools in new york city will close on thursday in an effort to contain soaring numbers of new corona, virus infections citys mayor bill de blasio made the announcement on wednesday saying there would be a halt to in Person Learning of what he calls an abundance of caution. New york citys positive test rate has been steadily creeping up 3, dipping a dramatically over the summer. And for more lets bring in our correspondent all over. Is alex all of our always good to see you. New york citys mayor bill de blasio ordered all Public Schools to be closed, a step that he had wanted to avoid. Why has he changed his mind now . Now the number of code 19 taza to flee test to people in new york city have been going up steadily as you said. And that brings all back a lot of bad memories. As you know, new york city was the Global Center of the pandemic. Earlier this year, the beginning of the pandemic and mayor de blasio set a threshold of 3 percent Positivity Rate. So that means of more than 3 percent of the new yorkers are tested positive to cope with 19 then. 3 the schools would close down as one measure to avoid the further spread and we have reached that limit now and were nearing things giving. So its a very delicate moment in time. And certainly closing the schools is an important measure. And part of the plan of the mayor here, what it means is that after 8 weeks that the schools were opened, this is the Biggest School district of the country. So theyre closing down again. 1100000 students are affected and certainly that puts a lot of strain. Now, on students and on the families as well. Although as you say last spring, new york city was the epicenter of the pandemic in the United States. Is new york expecting to see that again . Well that is exactly the feel right, so they dont want history to repeat. And remember the dire situation. The city was in hell, the hospitals were above capacity at the time. Im sure you also remember the couper trucks that were used as mobile morgues. So those pictures really went around the world, so there was a lot of suffering for the new yorkers makeshift field hospitals in central park. And we could see that again potentially. But the plan, of course, is to avoid exactly that by acting decisively and early enough this time around there and Johns Hopkins university has now put the death toll in the United States at 250000 people. What is that going to mean for the situation in the rest of the country . Well, in the rest of the country, the situation is in part a lot worse than in new york city. In fact, sometimes even very chaotic, if you look at the midwest of the current current epicenter of the pundit, i think in the United States, south dakota has a Positivity Rate of 56 percent right now. So far above new York City Schools and restaurants still remain open. The south dakota governor also said you dont have to feel bad if you dont want to wear your mask. So its voluntary. And it really shows there is no coherent policy in place in the United States. And it adds to that donald trump is not taking any Decisive Action at this point. Also blocking joe bidens transition team. So he came out today and said that this could actually delay his planning by weeks and it closed could cost thousands of lives. If donald, trump doesnt give in on that, on the reporting for us from a d. C. , thank you very much. And we can take, a look now at some of the other developments in the pandemic. The u. S. , a food and Drug Administration has approved the 1st covert 1000 home testing kits. It provides the results of live in just 30 minutes of the test will initially require a prescription limiting its initial use. Meanwhile, brazil has reported on more than 30000 coronavirus cases in a single day. The country is the 2nd most affected in the world with 5900000 confirmed cases of couvade 19 and in switzerland intensive care units are operating at full capacity. More beds have been added and the swiss military has been called in to support efforts in several areas. And when northwest england, liverpool has become the 1st british city to conduct mass testing for the crown. A virus, there are 100000 people tested so far. But for paul has one of europes highest kovan 1000 death rates. And the hope is that mass testing will help break the chain of transmission by identifying asymptomatic carriers. Charlotte charleston pill has this report. This is being billed as the u. K. s latest weapon in the fight against covert 19, with the city of liverpool on the front line. That piloting a citywide testing scheme, the 1st of its kind in the u. K. And a massive p. R. Campaigns underway to list the hoffa 1000000 People Living in liverpool, the move people get tested, the better we can protect that great city and drive that start the fight back against code, lets get tested. Lets do it together. Thats stored for liverpool. Local authorities have set up dozens of testing sites across the city, and they brought in the army to help villagers. 6 considerations of this operation have been significant. We deployed 2000 troops to the city of liverpool within 3 days across 45. 00 sites. Liverpool volunteered to try the mass testing operation after recording one of the highest bid rates in europe with or it is hoped that by testing as much of the population as possible, theyll identify more asymptomatic cases and break the chains of transmission. The scheme has tested over 100000 people since it started a week and a half a day. But theres still a long way to go ahead of time. He will, its good. Its a good idea that ive had mine done. Both me and my husband were negative. I think to get the hope population tested to be able to identify whos got a, particularly those who have it and dont show any symptoms. And thats really a lot of political actions. Processing tests quickly is the key to a scheme like this asymptomatic volunteers, myself included, are asked to do the swap themselves. You get the results on your phone within an hour. These are the lateral play devices that are being used at testing 5. Like this one across liverpool. Now a lot like a pregnancy test, they can determine results in 20 to 30 minutes. And the benefit is the result can be processed right here at the testing site instead than a lab. And thats why these tests at the back of the pools math test. And theres some dispute about how many positive cases are being missed. Critics also fear that getting a negative test could give people a false sense of security that results only valid until the moment you leave the building. And once again, at risk of being exposed by local councillor, paul brown says this scheme was never designed to be a silver bullet. We need to explain to the public. This is not a passport to misbehave. This is part of the jigsaw of wider public protection. It will be difficult to tell what direct effects the scheme house on passing infections. Its happening while england is in lockdown. The pull bryant says every asymptomatic case thats identified is a step in the right direction. As weve identified through that program, 527 people who we now know were positive, who had no symptoms, and were not previously have known. They were symptomatic and infectious. And they now can take steps to take himself out of circulation and protect themselves and their family and their friends. Originally planned to last 2 weeks, this pilots likely to be extended with increasing public in gauging top of their priority list. But its a blueprint for the u. K. s testing strategy. And the governments already announced more mass testing schemes in dozens of locations across the country. Sports now and in tennis despite losing his 1st round robin match. On monday, germanys alexander, its a fair that still has hope of reaching the final 4 at the a. T. P. Finals in london and took the 1st set. But his serve a crumbles in the 2nd as your fights man pushed him to his limits. While there were still a few lapses its fedorov ultimately had too much firepower winning the match. 2 sets to one. He will need to get Novak Djokovic on friday if you reach the last 4. Thats a news update at this hour and play richardson in berlin from the whole team. Thanks for watching. Imagine how many push the old loves us turn out in the world . Climate change is a good, awful story. This is my place. It went from just one week how much work can really get we still have time to ask. Im going to watch this. The palace of justice in nuremberg. After the 2nd world war, nearly 200. 00 defendants were brought here to be held accountable for 12 years of dictatorship, military aggression, tera and mass murder. At the heart of proceedings was the International Military tribunals which tried to keep the war criminals from germany. The core victorious powers responded to the nazis once in a millennium crimes. With a once in a millennium trial, on nov 20th, 1945 20 high ranking nazi leaders were brought by elevator to the court in room 600. 00. The former rice Marshall Hermann goering willingly took on the role of most senior nazi. He was followed by a grand admiral cogburn. Its him. Hitler had appointed as president of the right in his will. And rudolf hess, hitlers former deputy. The defendants never showed the slightest remorse. It was part of their starts their pride to insist that they were right. All the time and would do it again. They stood accused of conspiracy to carry out wars of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity were the defendants were ruthless ministers and fanatical ideologues, merciless military commanders and barbaric enforcers of hitlers maniacal will. And were was the nuremberg palace of justice was a quipped with what was then state of the un technology. On nov, 29th, 1945. The prosecution had a giant screen in stoles. The court was shown document 2 for 3 o. P. s an authenticated one hour film about the atrocities in nazi concentration camps. The film showed that a system of terror had been instituted across europe. It all began in 1933. In a camp north of munich, this footage was taken after the camp was liberated that how bacteria act. And then one of the articles are not ever gotten it is now in that the 941. 00, the 19th body, upper body of power to be able to learn. At one time incoming president than the right. Carrying my dad been reading are Strong Enough to travel abroad to back off on our client crime. But right back in by the allied are back and there are a lot on iraq. As soon as they saw all the pictures they filmed of the concentration camps, it began to wither them. And as a matter of fact, several of them cried. They were crying. I dont think for the jewish people who are lost, theyre crying because they knew that the a note with those pictures were seen in the world. They had no way to escape because fusion, a british camera crew shown these scenes in a liberated camp near the town of sela. When i was back in doubt, not right that the accused previously. So selfassured was shaken by the images. Some briefed heavily, others lowered their heads minister of economics. Votto film cried yulia strike here, claims not to believe what he saw. Even hammon goerings nonchalance seemed to vanish. It was such a pleasant afternoon. He said, until that film was shown on the hour. He had 1st fossils, and these were scenes where you could see indescribable things happening. A push. And of course you had to ask yourself, what was it possible that the senior figures didnt know about . It was just bits in the store. So i turned around and asked, giving dennetts and has really did no one know what hes getting are marked so well. You know how it is at the top. You dont hear about a muscle that you just never does. Its not a fit numbers, and those are the the next morning, the prosecution called its 1st witness general air of inlaw who isnt it was hoped his evidence would help prove the defendants individual guilt. The former department, head under espionage and sabotage chief vilhelm canaris, told how the Resistance Movement tried in vain to hamper hitlers war plans. Above all, those in incriminated good title and yodel. Not only had they planned the murder of polish elites and the jewish population, they had also knowingly accepted the deaths of millions of soviet prisoners of war during the russian campaign. An enraged going cold lad who was in a traitor, lamenting that he had escaped notice in the aftermath of a failed plot to assassinate hitler. No wonder we lost the war going said our own Intelligence Service was betrayed to the enemy. The title and the courtroom . Yes, next top. Now to the best of your knowledge and recollection will you please expand and as much detail as possible to the tribe you know exactly what was said and what and here it trail holes and recalled a conversation during the september 19th 39. 00, Poland Campaign in which the destruction of warsaw was discussed, hitler and curing personally decided to have the capital bombed. Hosen also said that keitel and yodel had approved of the murder of prisoners of war in the campaign against the soviet union. No more execution. I didnt read the order itself. According to discussions in our circle at the time stunned from the idea. But i cant say who was involved in transforming that idea into an order to give you a hard time with american judge Francis Biddle followed up i should like to after with this well that the orders to kill the russian and in connection with equipment of the prisoners were in writing and mine, i could not have the best of my knowledge. Yes, i have not seen or read it myself included to where they are special orders of god, the son of the philip. Yes, these were official orders. Of course. The actual meaning was paraphrasing the most were in the afternoon, the case of rudolf hess was discussed. His lawyer had filed a motion to declare the defendant unfit to stand trial has seen done, able to follow proceedings hed been diagnosed with amnesia. The prosecutors argued against that there, psychiatric experts did not consider him mentally ill. Faced with the threat of exclusion from further proceedings has surprisingly took the stand himself im sure its a boy if your but im the one in order to avoid being declared incapacitated despite my wish to participate in the trial. In santa ana seems the verdict together with my comrades. I make the following statement to the court, and i legitimately intended to meet it at a later stage of the trial verdict. Were going to end it on 3 and i was on mine. Enry will also be available to the im side world also didnt get up to the people. The reasons for feeling memory loss were tactical. In fact, except one, my concentration is somewhat impaired hot topic. It used to be to go humanity up another of the defendants had been previously unable to stand trial. Prosecutors believed that in answer to cults and bruna, they had found a fully fledged replacement for s. S. Leader heinrich himmler. They accused a 42 year old lawyer of involvement in the genocide of millions. On december 10th, 1945, he entered the court for the 1st time, american court, psychologist Gustaf Gilbert would later recall a coldness wit the prisoners dog. As if a freezing glass had come in through the open door, his codefendants received him coldly and trying to ignore him. Being much now either guilty or not guilty. Sure to conduct. I believe im not guilty. Cult and bruna denied the charges, claiming he was a scapegoat for the crimes of others. Him and going was annoyed by the attention the newcomer was getting from the press. He suspected cult and his appearance meant the unpleasant topic of the murdering of jews would come to dominate proceedings. Court psychologist Gustaf Gilbert was able to eavesdrop on the defendants conversations, especially during breaks. He also had unhindered access to the cells. Gilberts diary published in 1947 still shapes how the nuremberg trials the scene today. On january 3rd, 946 gilbert describes the 26th day of the trial in room 600. He wrote the effect on the defendants was generally depressing as the eunice capable reality and shame of mass murder was driven home by the unquestionable reliability of a german official who admitted participating in it. After all. And they are all, and i was the one that this covered out all over and i said all rough weather to do during the war nischelle during the war. I was ahead of the r. S. Ha, except for the year 941. I said, what did you do that year . He said, well, i was the head of scrip or d. So i asked all for it all and all harmony men, women and children, did you kill that . You responded 90000 group killed for no other witnesses. We were able to that there were 4 of these tours with a mission to run, to go to another and warn the person gypsies show on killing them in the open field, just murdering them with striking evidence. And just lawyers luck the game a s. S. Brigade leader patiently explained the murderous actions of the death squads to the court. He gave detailed answers to questions about the involvement of cults and bruna, gestapo, chief, and holocaust organizer, adult men bashing that he was head of the Security Police and the s. D. Intelligence agency. As such, he was also head of the right security main office held that position iseman worked on the jewish problems in office for under him and during deliberately tried to ignore such statements. What does the p. D. Expect to gain from this . He said about ohlendorf testimony. Hes going to hang anyway the same day, s. S. Functionary. D to visit saini, an assistant to adult iseman also testified on the genocide of the jews. Among other things. He was questioned about the deportation of 450000, hungary and jews. But he carried the jews, do want to own you are already referred back to my daughter to grow nicely about 400 2 of them as they were all taken to auschwitz and brought to the final solution. You mean they were, you know, i was yes except about 25 to 30 percent who were put to work, but speaking of in it, one girl ring responded angrily. It makes me sick. He said, when i see germans selling their souls to the enemy, day after day the prosecutors of the full victorious powers presented their incriminating evidence that it is. But for the 1st time, the world saw film footage from auschwitz presented as evidence by soviet prosecutors. But at the pictures would take