Somewhere but at this moment he was beheaded after showing cut tunes of muhammad in a class on free speech now france has 3 more reasons to moan the National Assembly held a minutes silence for the victims those in power face some uncomfortable questions in the days ahead many in this strictly secular country may ask if the official approach is the right one and whether they should fame or lone wolf attacks authorities have raised the terror alert level to its maximum. Fran our Catherine Field reporter and a parasite catherine present at the sea defiant determined what more has even say. Well you quite right it was a very defiant message from french president Emanuel Mccraw he said that this was an attack on french values and that these afraid at least freedoms of expression and freedom to believe or not believe in religion though under attack he said and i quote we will not give ground so he was pretty clear there that it is wrong once it sets the rules on freedom of expression and not to terrorists not people who are signed up to some sort of the religious group within another white religion he also has said that he will increase the number of troops and police on the streets of france that there were more than doubled to 7000 on the streets of progs in the next couple of hours they will be in front of churches other places of worship schools really your organization and he said he did that because he firmly believes that the Catholic Church here and other faiths need to be protected because it is their right to go to church and now we understand catherine that there is some new information regarding the nice attacker what have you learned yes what we learn from police is that its a 21 year old from tunis here in france at the end of september possibly beginning of october and he had come to europe by boat apparently from tunis he landed in lampedusa he had been questioned by the italian authorities the italians had decided that he wasnt entitled to Refugee Status in europe and should have been deported is still a question mark as to how he managed to leave and to come to france now also in conjunction with so that with the incident that happened in this there was another incident close to ive been you know shortly after the nice attack have authorities shared any information on what happened there. Well very little what they say is a 33 year old man was shot dead after he threatened passes by in the city of having a go with a gun well they are saying it is not terrorist related they said the man had no insight cant trick problems and thats all the information they got to get out but as you can imagine coming at the same time as. Nice people were very concerned that this was going to be a repeat of of other incidents where they have been a string of attacks in france on the same day i mean are people on edge where you are and it has been an agonizing 2 weeks now where the country crippled by cofa going into lockdown and now this one how are people coping with these events you are quite right this is the. Inspired attack in just under a month in france and came less than 2 weeks after. School teacher was beheaded for showing cartoons the prophet mohammad and within the next few hours they could be locked up come into play as people are very tired very concerned and. You know you dont get the feeling that france is ready to give in within the last couple of hours theyve been despite pleas from the government to stay home there have been gatherings outside some of the major cathedrals across france in bold go and in stress weve seen people turning out there to lay flowers and to pray so they do feel as though this is something thats worth defending freedom of speech the freedom to believe or not believe in a faith Catherine Field reporting from paris france thank you thank you well meanwhile people have been gathering in berlin outside the French Embassy in solidarity with france our correspondent kate brady is there for us kate. Set the scene for us describe whats happening around you. Well as you can probably see behind me a couple of 100 people now have gathered behind me just within the last half hour or so outside the French Embassy here in central and many of those people the majority i would say all members of the german pollin that many of them senior politicians who have come this evening to pay their respects to the victims of that attack in nice and behind them you wont be able to see it for the ever growing crowds now behind me many candles and literally that have been laid by politicians and members of the public this evening tragically next to those flowers and candles are also notes of remembrance and candles left from just a couple of weeks ago after the murder of the teacher samuel patti i share with us what the reaction has been from german politicians and from the people behind you about you know what happened in france. And naturally their reaction today is being one of shock german chancellor Angela Merkel passed on her wishes to the families and of the victims today also saying as well that she was deeply shaken by the heinous murder in nice murders should i say but at the same time there was also a very strong message today of solidarity coming from germany the same that we heard just a couple of weeks ago as well one that stays that germany stands with friends side by side and that they stand together with them in the fight against islam is terror and so at the same time these are messages that weve heard before in previous weeks but that sentiment is very much still there and it was quite poignant that one senior politician this evening even brought an aide you flag with him as well standing at the front of this very small and intimate remembers that being quite impromptu of the organized today by the by members of germanys parliament. Reporting thank you. I want to say germany because german shows on america has defended the latest round of coronavirus restrictions as the country prepares now to go back into a limit long down on addressing parliament americal said it was currently impossible to trace the origin of all new infections hampering efforts to contain the virus she faced frequent interruptions and the opposition of call the measures excessive and inappropriate. Empty restaurants and bars no museums no theaters these images are actually from the 1st wave of the pandemic but in november germans will have to get used to the make again as coronavirus cases rise chancellor Angela Merkel announced sweeping new restrictions the main difference this time is that schools and many shops will remain open on thursday merkel defended the new policy in a key speech before the german parliament. The problem here is in is a pandemic throws the spotlight on a word which is part of our most essential vocabulary freedom the meaning of this word is now very concrete because the measures agreed by the government and federal state in the spring and yesterday restrict our freedom. Actually the same time we can understand that freedom does not mean everybody does what they want especially now freedom means responsibility i just couldnt resist it. Was a possibility for ourselves our families our colleagues and for all of us. Merkel was constantly interrupted. Him and the Parliament Speaker saw him self forced to call for order the biggest a Position Party in the bundestag the far right and the was quick to slam the measures given we consider the paralysis of a cultural industry the Hospitality Industry and practically the entire social life as announced by mrs merkel to be excessive and inappropriate. Now one of the Big Questions is the Financial Impact of these restrictions the German Government has promised economic support for businesses that are particularly hard hit. The companies concerned would be entitled to a lump sum refund. Of. Course. This is an important step to make it possible for most for the overwhelming majority of the companies concerned to survive. And theres also the issue with their citizens will actually comply with these new measures. I know. On the one hand they sent i almost have tears in my eyes but on the other hand i think the measures are correct i can only support it would you yeah i dont think its going to be that i do think is it its necessary and i have no problem with it its unfortunate but i just do the role of our government is to protect our lives the hard work people so i think so i think i agree yeah. So far the German Government has enjoyed high levels of support during the pandemic but now the question is whether coronavirus fatigue will set in with a partial meltdown. And here are some of the latest developments in the pandemic in other parts of the world india has now passed 8000000 confirmed cases it is the 2nd highest number after the United States but india has one of the worlds lowest death rates meanwhile iran has report. A record death toll for a 2nd straight day is the worst hit country in the middle east and taiwan has passed 200. 00 days without any domestic transmissions of covert 19 officials are hailing the achievement as a success story. But theres a 1st dont forget you can always get you dont use on the go just download our app from google play or from your app store they will give you access to all the latest news from around the world as well as push notifications for any breaking news and if youre a part of a new story you could also use the d w app to sense photos and videos of whats happening im grouchy. On my last rock and berlin up next is our cool special stick around for that unless you get stuck into. Combating the corona pandemic. Where does research stand. What are scientists learning. Background information and. Our corona. Covert 19 special next on d w. It was the 1st International Tribunal in history. The number of trials. 75 years ago a high ranking officers of the nazi regime were indicted by the allied forces. They were the 1st war criminals to be held accountable for their crimes. Our 2 part series. In the dark starts nov 12th on t. W. The covert 19 had to make has put the spotlight on virologists well right now but their star status has also made them the target of public anger in. Even death threats. In people because their lack of trust in authority would not want to take the. People. Who want to shut the country down anthony found she has gained a huge following but not everyone. Wants to listen to dr fouts want to see. Germany too has spawned its science superstars like. His part cost is one of the most popular in the country. Xander kick ali is a regular guest on german talk shows. And sparred with politicians over their bias response at the beginning of the crisis. But as social media memes feed the echo chamber are these new celebrities serving to further polarize scientific debate. Well different views are vital in the world of science asking questions is key at the end of the day people believe what they want to believe but should we trust science or the scientist theyre only human and this crisis has been full of uncertainties still science is not about certainties its about constraining what we dont know some of the best known for religionists in germany work here at the University Hospital in bonn some refer to it as the Street Institute after its Leader Research a hendrick strake hes 43 years old and well known in medical circles thanks to his work in the fight against hiv but now researches across europe know his name due to the coronavirus. Pandemic. Here we had a concentration of the plasma from a person who was infected been sars to them and we can show that plasma can inhibit the virus that the patient has developed antibodies which can neutralize the virus. Since drugs hardly work against the virus he is relying on the development of a vaccine when that will happen is unknown. To the optimists there is a cause for optimism because were currently doing so many vaccine trials and so Much Research is being put into it so that if things go very well we can have a vaccine in january or later next year. But history has taught us that it sometimes takes years or even decades until a vaccine is found. If or once ones found the mad rush will be on but will it be a case of rich countries getting their hands on it 1st leaving poorer nations to struggle with the virus. When a vaccine is available im sure that it will be available worldwide especially in less developed countries maybe even for free there or at least at a very low cost. And. In the meantime testing is the dank lab has been using molecular p. C. R. Tests that detect the genetic material from the virus and have results within hours and tests detect specific proteins on the surface of the virus they arent as reliable but theyre faster. You harm our being in china and you can get the result within 15 minutes which can be given directly to the patient and a highly infectious person can be isolated and therefore unable to infect others. And Others Movement could see. How people get infected do something research is agree on via microscopic particles spread by breathing socalled aerosol particles at 1st it was unclear whether people could get infected from contaminated surfaces. Youngers to mostly human car example someone could have just sneezed into their hand and then touch the door knob and then other people touch it and bring it straight up to the mucous membranes. Its rare but it could happen. Whether people can have multiple infections has long been debated can those who have recovered from corona virus become infected or are they protected against getting sick again. So far theyve been over 40000000 infections worldwide but only 5 cases of people whove been infected again with the virus this actually proves theres an immunity does that i mean we need to get artworks from africa are on display in streaks office for decades hes travelled the continent hes worked in hospitals in uganda and south africa. And africa the time i spent in africa showed me the importance of vaccines and how much more there is to research in this area of course and above all in his speciality a china and now though in covert 19 to with a view to the fight against the corona virus in africa. It is a lets move on is a professor of science communication and linguistics at the Council Institute for technology in germany and its a Community Mosques and services the the opinions are wide ranging the advice is changed dramatically does science have a communication problem i wouldnt say that thats the so communication problem its a communication challenge why because science and Society Science and politics are very very distinct social systems science is highly specialized experts communicate in very very specialized ways and their methods and ways of working are highly highly specialized so its intrinsically a challenge to communicate about this and this is what we know every day that you need to connect with the public and there are many ways of being understood or are making oneself not understand the bar in this communication why is it such a challenge just explain to us what scientific assessment actually is. Well scientific assessment means but sometimes in the public seems like changing opinion all the time which is actually in fact highly and especially in corona times while there is fed up. Involvement of ideas so we wouldnt want krone experts and covers 1000. 00 experts to tell us the same thing as half a year ago this would be very very old knowledge so its changing. Very high speed and people collect data and assess data and can have different assessments of these data this is the normal thing that and scientists can have disputes and discussions on findings but believe if its staging all the time and how can we trust science theres a very good question we need to inform trust blind trust would be Something Like believing everything what people say this is not such a good idea but inform trustworthy that we look at what kind of experts do i have in front of me that i have an expert on lets look at myself science communication so maybe i can trust this person more and then someone from another area who is talking about science communication and thats the same with bar owners do you for example that you might want to listen to someone whos actually studying this topic and not for example and engineer another criterion for inform trust. Benevolence so you look at is this person really interested in the well being in the wealthy or off society you are not but youre presuming that people are listening and there are a lot of people who dont seem to be listening to science or the scientists. You know this is a big problem of course because science communication is not that about conveying information its about reaching out to people and people very much driven by their identities for example and their values so if youre a private employer very much trusting. Of freedom and the if youre there and thats a free press and and just saying im not wanting anyone to tell me anything about what i should do or if i should put on a mask and its difficult to reach out to these people then you have to talk about that why is this all important for you so scientists sometimes also have to talk about freedom and identity and not about their research slots are full of shit and its a lets move on from the Causeway Institute of technology thank you very much. Time to let you ask the questions all you have to do is send them to you on you tube channel a science correspondent Derrick Williams will do the rest. Can you tell us more about the mites and how long the fire is remains infectious on surfaces. Oh my its are objects that are contaminated by a sick person that can pass an infectious pathogen along to others are thinking about them in the current pandemic has evolved a lot since the beginning of the year on experts the w h o n and other Health Authorities now say that the mites play at most a secondary role in that in the spread of covert 19 and the general consensus is that that surface transmission might be possible but is likely pretty uncommon however a few weeks ago when new study came out of australia thats drawn attention back to the question of how much danger foam mites might potentially pose so lets take a look at this study so it to show what effects the different temperatures have on viral viability on various surfaces over time and the result that raised eyebrows was that at 20 degrees celsius the researchers detective potentially infectious virus on some materials for up to 28 days wow thats a long time for a surface to remain potentially infectious right but the thing is those experiments were carried out under very virus friendly conditions for example the viral latent test droplets that the researchers used were a standardized solution they were mucous which is thought to be a much more hostile environment for pathogens and unsettles were also kept in the dark the whole time because u. V. Light quickly deactivate source code to in other words the interesting result. Still reflect what happens in the real world which is why experts havent changed recommendations and most remain convinced that the role that surfaces play in covert 19 transmission is small. Thanks for joining us for another covert special ill see you tomorrow. But dusty breeds muddy tires and drums we deliver urgent life saving boxes we give our everything to reach those who need us the most every box feeding their futures. Boxes full of our hope of lifesaving food and theres so much more down the road with no names we feel asleep to live a relentless you know promise to make every delivery special and. Not just next day but every day. Thousands of children are still waiting for their delivery sponsor a box today so together we can deliver features. This is the end of the news africa is coming up on the program were calling it the of matter of life on the bed there are all of us funding for abortion has left many women and girls in kenya in a difficult sometimes dangerous situation youll hear from some People Holding the President Trump stays in office are not that. Also coming up. You need a ride just hop in but this time it will not be your regular dr bob that well see as a new start to the service in uganda thats run by