Germany is a leading industrial nation that still has many areas that desperately lag behind on the telecoms front. And that applies to both landlines and Internet Access though Broadband Speed rankings constantly fluctuates germany ranks in the mid thirtys compared to other countries. And while other countries pick up the pace germany is struggling to keep up. My one solution be an extraterrestrial one providing high Speed Internet for everyone. The earths orbit will soon be home to new constellations of satellites in the thousands could they make the vision of fast connectivity everywhere on earth a reality. Which regions in germany have the worst Internet Connection and how is performance measured. The Engineering Consultancy group p 3 specializes in gauging the signal strength of networks for mobile phone and internet providers. Its fleet of several dozen cars ferries it specialists all across europe to detect any gaps in coverage. Or the technicians measured the surfing speed of various websites including the up and down load of data and video streaming aborted transfers and sluggish intermittent connectivity indicate deficits in Network Quality to detect phones and and im computer phone the phones are being connected to a computer where a sound file is being played but im not just a tennis killer for the 1st 4 calls the 2nd one vendors are called and once that calls over theres a brief pause and then the 2nd phone calls the 1st one just come on thats repeated all day long so as to objectively determine our voice qualities and that we have got. The team also use speed test websites to check d. S. L. And landline connections on millions of computers worldwide. That enables or left to must play feel and their fellow engineers in us and to give providers an overview with Global Networks the information reveals how well or poorly competitive is up a full many. Of us its his aim and this is data gathered from losers around the world. About a piece of software that is integrated in around 900 apps is the software is into gear and these apps are installed on around 200000000. Devices well why and go and study up for not going to users agree to be involved in Network Quality assessment. Register the actual user experience. Wherever the user is using their device to download material all view video we can see in the background how good their Network Coverage was. Whether it was 3 g. Or 4 g. Which country which provider and a lot of other information we get our information not via the users but via the networks and thats. The biggest bottlenecks in coverage within germany or in the east of the country but some of the worst Internet Connection is down in the south west in the area around the town of bad 2nd and. Youre going to add beats has teamed up with other local residents calling for Free Internet and the local authorities are also helping to set up wife i hope spots across the area the only alternative is to use mobile phone providers across the border in switzerland albeit at a price. To the strides in its coverage from switzerland is great here is that i have a weak signal for a German Network and strong signals for 2 swiss we want to expand in kind of a kind of being unable to access data was on the road is a major problem for companies to come and services lies the competition which. I cant do after sales or carrier charges or orders i cant get my clients any information soon to get to students. And the Emergency Services cant get the data and information they need to help people whove had an accident. Some areas here are so remote that Network Providers are reluctant to invest in installing broadband cables and that includes places along some of germanys highways and other non urban roads democratic side project mission. So you cant use the time on the road for a couple of phone conversations because the call will cut out every 2 or 3 minutes so you have to reconnect it its not worth it for a kind telephone dot. Com kind of people who have an accident out here might get lucky and pick up a couple of radio waves otherwise they have to walk to the next inhabited building and ask for systems because basically like a mere 991 but those beautiful landscapes can also cause major headaches when it comes to expanding Network Coverage is probably most of the us with the problem is the demography high in the north 2nd in the finale surrounded by the black forest hills features that are unfavorable for network planners. And its practically impossible to provide that density of coverage with conventional Technology Fast i think they can get comments in a location and here too there are companies that are completely dependent on fast broadband connections to the rest of the world. Software specializes in the digitalisation of the global working world providing solutions for shifts said jills and interactive management. Birds aching and its home to both the companies are indeed department and its Global Sales Division the company would have had to close its premises in the town had it not been for some Smart Solutions devised by its own developers. Only had radio conferences here every day online presentations from remote system configurations and Online Training sessions and that requires a fast Internet Connection our founder and director im trying. To live all still in the us so we also need a good connection to that office we have this hunger for data and its growing every day. Down in the basement the Software Engineers managed to solve their internet problem by combining a range of different elements of the household linked up a number of Internet Connection to a d. S. L. Line of a cable connection and are planning to throw a 3rd anchor across 1st responder but basically theres an excellent l. T. E. Network just a few 100 meters away on here and were linking up all his lines to create a very fast Internet Connection and internet from the. Technical obstacles alone mean that makeshift Solutions Like this and not an option for private individuals and thats a gap that youre going to add beats wants to fill he and his fellow Free Internet activists have installed free wifi in most public buildings in bad checking and. You have plaster thats a Crystal Clear reception. They cost more before but its a big Network Providers or most of them offer customers a voice over ip option was the fatah the advantage there is that people can then make phone calls via y. 5 and for the household with the right contract you can now phone people for free the enter that talks on its own. Bad 2nd already has dozens of Free Internet terminals enabling local people to surf and make phone calls were going to set his sights even higher however on fiber in the sky a fast Internet Connection via satellite. Harbor in the skies 101. 00 america started firing a star is definitely an option but it avoids the need to dig up roads everywhere which is what prevents Network Expansion of hires and carol me out of art providing the right hand with your fiber optic cables and laying 3 or 4 or 5 kilometers of cables thats extremely expensive in a hilly area with hard ground fiber in this car comes from above the sky come from everyone has their own direct receiver and high Speed Internet about a. Coup in French Guiana is the launch pad to air bus and arianespace satellites they orbit the earth at an altitude of 36000 kilometers and always above the same point they serve primarily to transfer t. V. And radio broadcasts. The Geostationary Communications satellites are assembled into lose from. They way up to 6 times and have an operating life of 25 years each satellite is highly complex and custom built and can cost up to 250000000. 00 euros. And thats why current satellite based Internet Connections are so expensive demand for this option however is continually on the rise. Rinker panama has been part of a revolution in satellite design in recent years from individual components to mass production. In fact today from the the design to the dead you very to the question are we can provide such advice and is that 2 years 1st is quite so short. An innovation empowered Technology Systems heralded a new era in satellite construction. For satellites or elbows developed. So for us. A big gainer in terms of mass at lunch any turlough hosts. To have more equipment on board and to have an it is an interesting a cost at launch as well. Geostationary satellites orbit the earth at a distance of 36000 kilometers. Even at light speed a signal down below needs 500 milliseconds to reach a satellite thats half a 2nd. That delay or latency during phone calls means that the people talking constantly interrupted each other. In order to ensure a smooth Online Gaming experience that time has to be under 100. 00 milliseconds while a delay of just 20 milliseconds will cause orchestral musicians to fall out of sync with each other. With effects of internet reception not possible with current geostationary orbit the satellites need to be broke closer to what is called low earth orbit Companies Planning to install satellite constellations include one web google space x. And amazons blueridge in. The closer a satellite is to earth the smaller the terrestrial surface that can reach which is why it would take hundreds if not thousands of smaller satellites to cover the entire planet and thats a problem alone in terms of sheer production capacity. The Consortium Led by one where also includes Virgin Galactic air bus defense and space and tech giant softbank together theyve pulled close to 3 and a half 1000000000. 00 to make the dream of global Internet Access a reality. This provided specific expertise to enable the mass production of satellites. So it was a big challenge in fact as you know we are really. Experimental you know. Its a. Big satellite production but for mass production it was a challenge to provide a satellite even though a few days compared to here where we have a life here in tunis integration takes around 9 months and. 3 days which was a really crazy fall for the market and so today we developed a lot on the way of satellites facilities city is currently at one satellite day one with plans to launch its Global Service in 2021 with 650 satellites orbiting at an altitude of 1200 kilometers the next step involves the constellation being expanded to more than 2000 units which has in turn required the development of completely new production methods. Rockdale so its a test engineer he oversees a production setup that manages with a minimum of human impacts the newly designed Propulsion Systems are also built here in scaled down versions the fuel tanks filled with zen on gas provided by an unexpected source. Spacecraft is going to move from one point in space to 000 workers is going to put a special ops to certain altitude but then the satellites need to reach much higher out the true and were going to do that by users trust or so its. Just for firefighters its designed by a company but do you actually know how to do space so its much cheaper than more traditional tax. Once superstar is done with all the assembly again we really want to avoid human errors so the way were going to do that were going to take a picture of this here and the pictures of it being take it will be compared to reference picture and basins to do differences will be able to save save ourselves on a good job you know. With human error essentially ruled out high volume production is possible with short turnaround times. When youre doing life of a kind its easier to get cheaper and i reckon price. Terms of testing we are doing less testing so we need fewer people so we cheaper and saw from our order of magnitude is maybe a bit more than 100. 00 but if you want to buy the stock loads if you will be a roughly a 1000000 and if you want to bury yourself right it will be way more than. One web and also google space x. And amazon plan to offer their Internet Services everywhere in the process of getting 4000000000 people online. London based one web has an official license from the countrys aerospace authority and sees itself on a mission to bridge the digital divide. The companys current and potential future cleone tell includes banks and lines shipping Companies IndustryDisaster Relief agencies and the military. And consumers will initially be able to book the service fire local Telecom Providers and as already seen in the mobile phone sector the price will be lower in africa than in germany for example. My kids a previously worked in Systems Engineering for nasa and is part of the design team for the one web satellite constellation the company was the 1st among the competing consorted to receive approval from the International Telecommunications union a United Nations agency. And that license is absolutely mandatory for providing the service the one word system uses radio frequency spectrum in order to send information. To customers to provide this Broadband Internet connectivity you need spectrum thats a span of radio wave flags in order to transmit information at high to raise the. Spectrum that you have the more data that you can provide and because you are used to these these Broadband Speeds of being able to stream video and send information very quickly back and forth we need a lot of spectrum in order to provide that Super Service to so many people. Designing a constellation of satellites in Constant Contact with each other and the earth is a complex undertaking. It involves a number of technical processes to function at the same time processes that have no precedence. The brain of the constellation the Ground NetworkOperations Center is in london its headed by alan here at. Home where were responsible for looking after they the Ground Network so were going to call functions 1st of all we provide Situational Awareness so we look for anomalies in the ground that work out where they occur we work to resolve this quickly. And secondly we do what we call a resource part and Resource Plan is really the cranes of how the system works which brings together the ground that work can turn as the spacecraft and the pay out of natural user you chase the ground stations run automatically and the fitted with 30 antennae each maintaining contact with 30 satellites. Recurrently just to fully functional stations one in spitsbergen norway and the other on sicily to complete Global Coverage distributed across the planet you would need just 45. 00 ground stations interconnected. Very quickly as you say were going to be scaling up. Q 2 next year were going to be out in 3 ground stations every month since a huge ramp october. Doing today today is all about testing and integration next year is all going to be about drinking cross stations and. The ground stations always seek the best possible connection to the satellite that is closest to the user and can provide the best possible bandwidth. The relevant signal shifts from one satellite to another with the use the remaining blissfully unaware. The one Web Consortium is currently ahead of rivals google space x. And amazon and by the end of 2021 it hopes to have a constellation numbering 650. 00 satellites going to either way the earths orbit is set to get a lot of traffic in the near future how will the engineers ensure that there are no collision. So something were doing at one where is is actually enhanced seeing our safety by separating each plane in the cost solution so there are multiple planes of multiple satellites each and if theyre all at the same altitude you have the sort of crossing point where salaries are zipping past each other at very high velocities so what we do is we separate those crossing points so the salaries are actually not zipping past one another when that means as were actually in some regards we only have to manage a single plane at a time and you can apply that same principle to other Cost Solutions so we are maintaining. Many kilometers of separation between space x. Space x. Is separate from the type or the amazon constellation and thats a very important safety detail to make sure that operators are not trying to launch an operate hundreds of thousands of satellites within the same amount of space. Sounds like constellations not the only inhabitants. Theres serious traffic in immediate now to space in addition to count the. Disused satellites there is spent. Fragments of exploded space craft and other space debris circling the planet the result is a growing. Now comprising 20000 objects with a diameter of 10 centimeters more joined 5700000 smaller objects at least one centimeter in some cases and the speed at which they move makes them extremely dangerous. So if there is a clear vision space it can be catastrophic objects earth orbit are typically traveling around 25000 Kilometers Per Hour and even a small object say 10 centimeters can carry enough energy to fragment a large satellite into thousands of pieces and so if such an event occurs. Now you go from one cell in one piece of debris to thousands of pieces of debris and each of those pieces of debris might carry enough energy to again fragment a different satellite and so you know theres a sphere of a sort of Chain Reaction where one collision chris debris that debris strikes another satellite creating even more debris. And there is still no rules on the behavior of satellite constellations whether traffic related or on safety or ethics the only stipulation is a ban on stationing weapons in earths orbit and that the satellites have to be safely day over to after 25 years from one webb has decided to let its satellites expire in the atmosphere after an operational life of just 5 years. The major space going nations are working on sophisticated nearest Radar Systems to prevent sas like collisions geminis Aerospace Center the d. L. R. Is using a Missile Defense system from the German Military in conjunction with the famous found wolf bizzle shaft research group. Radar facility outside bone in western germany is the only one in europe that can track and depict of jets in orbit up to 2 centimeters in diameter manuel metz and his colleagues have big conducting precise measurements on space debris in order to prevent the need for a vase of action by active satellites. Women and if you have an object that you are especially interested in because it is threatening to combine it with your arm satellites then you can use the system to remember its orbit. And obtain more precise data as with less physical but that gives you a better Risk Assessment of whether a collision is actually imminent or whether such a collision can be ruled out again. There are several collisions every day if they sit maneuvers theyre only needed 2 or 3 times a year. But the scientists models project a collision in orbits triggered by space debris every 5 to 10 years just how crucial this surveillance is became clear in Early September 2900 when a satellite in the space x. Starling constellation was approaching a Weather Satellites belonging to the europeans space agency. Say tried and fails to persuade space x. To take evasive action but with no response from the American Company the agency had to force its 400000000 euro Weather Satellite into a Collision Avoidance maneuver where the space x. Was unwilling to take action or incapable due to a lack of control over the satellites remains unclear so longer value of the systems work really well and have a very high level of reliability operating the satellite constellations theres no problem but once we get into an area right in the range of 10 to 20 percent things start to get really critical then these constellations can become a problem within themselves and between each other and that can lead to a cascade of factor where more and more space debris is created. The front to back radar facility near ball is among the leading lights in space surveillance. Radar has a limited range of sight it has to be told approximately where an object is in the sky in order to conduct precise measurements. Of the teams our facility is immense compared to the german experimental. Space available and tracking radar. And new elektra nikky controlled radar system that observes the near zone of space within milliseconds they stand Semiconductor Technology the radar will be the 1st in germany to track active satellites and space debris 247 also creating an orbit data catalog that helps to prevent collisions. Blount is in charge of gemini space Situational Awareness and which will Work Together with Data Collection he seriously concerned about the satellite constellations currently being assembled. There could be the problem of the electric drive systems and the one website alerts do not allow hard delta vees or speed increases. To. Plan is to deploy the fleets in an orbit of around 500 kilometers and then slowly push them to 1200 kilometers through the most contaminated belt and then bring them back down at the end of their lifetime. When. Its a problem similar to sending a family of snails across a major road during rush hour. Were going. Theres a major risk of collision not least because the electric Propulsion Systems do not give the satellites much scope for evasive action. The data from the t. V. System and from. Germanys space Situational Awareness and. The German Armed Forces and the german Aerospace Center worked together at the Nato Communications and Information Agency unit. Radar systems can only track the new. And not geostationary orbit so the center also uses telescopes to surveil satellites that are high iraq and there are already concerns on the ground over the 1st satellites launched by space x. s starlink constellation. Was acute so i took by the what i saw from the launch of the past 60 standing satellites is that the brightness is relatively high. And that can lead to interference through observations in near. Normal doesnt match the problem feared by astronomers growing population of tens of thousands or many satellites in the low and medium. Will reflect the suns rays. And in those areas of observation telescope coverage will be compromised. Not surprisingly some of the traffic in the low earth orbit is from military sources the relatively close range of 502800 kilometers is a convenient one 3rd gathering meteorological and geological data and the spying no where else in gemini did the armed forces and the civilian german air space center work so closely together to represent a region see the one where constellation with 6 satellites launched today all on one orbit. This is the stunning constellation with 10 times the number of satellites spread across different orbital planets of this constellation is likewise set to grow significantly in the future. Of their daughter aisha im sure any more if you were told of the large number of electrically powered satellites being introduced into critical orbit hearts will definitely post questions. In the final phase of the satellites deployment this will also present a bigger challenges for global Surveillance Systems than is the case with the Current Population and all that well thats all we have so we have to prepare accordingly and continue to expand our capabilities of a cloud white house for. The importance of protecting Critical Infrastructure such as weather g. P. S. And observation satellites was highlighted in march 29th teen the Indian Military shut down one of the countrys Weather Satellites in order to demonstrate its strategic Space Capabilities the satellite broke up into 6 and a half 1000 pieces of debris which then spread around the globe to speed of 35000 Kilometers Per Hour. The interesting thing or syria is not so much the massive dead brianas that stay on the rich. Grant is the past move by kinetic energy. Transfer. Since you can. China has also demonstrated its ability to destroy a Critical Infrastructure in low earth orbit. Dung ton in south korea is just a 2 hour car drive from the border to north korea everyone here is aware of the threat from the norths Missile System and its here that one where is working with intel in south korean specialists in Maritime Satellite Communications intelius making the satellite antennae for the ground stations and use the terminals that can pick up and relay the signals from the satellite constellation at any point on a us. Or. The koreans the chosen due to their experience in Maritime Communications where the transmitter and receiver of signals of both moving the idea is to adapt that technology for Internet Access in self driving cars permanent connectivity will become increasingly important. Steve chan and kevin other visionary minds behind intelli and the many country or is still challenge but we have all the solution now so cio is fixed so far i think the best soul is more so than me as i can or should and also maintain track to sarah. And we are developing using now but leave your base or visually. Is movie so that means all we have to. Go by ship or by satellite there means. Accuracy so. Even though the worst case is poor we have to bury. Accurate tracker video and we can maintain the connection so that could be our challenge here for your future so well try to over call. Rotating parabolic antennae at the cutting edge of Current Technology but a few years from now there might well be new antennae available based on Semiconductor Technology this is a company with a couple of. Years of your future but this one is normally chemical body is right and we can put here where there is a some electronic circuit inside electronic circuit is real name truck or satellite itself so its kind of a mechanical. Motion and then a very accurate track and also. Whether by sea the idea is to ensure easy connectivity for people using all means of transportation in addition to those who are stationary. This facility is sold tests Radio Communications with objects in the. A group of engineers headed by physicists now pains spent several months focusing on one specific task proving beyond doubt that an Internet Connection can be established on 90 days in a row via satellite constellation that test results would determine whether one website writes to transmitted the frequency spectrum approved by the International Telecommunications union would be confirmed its a milestone in the team eventually reached in 2019 satellites were launched in february of this year and we want to show proof of concept that it works so we want to be able to send signals up to the satellite but and prove that we can send traffic at very high speed. And therefore realize some of these services you know High Speed Broadband Services that we want to offer the world so this is a perfect testing ground weve got the regulatory clearance here to do transmissions and receptions. Could a system initially comprising just 6 satellites in orbit streamed internet video content from germany now danes and his team were also eager to see how the experiment pans out. What well be doing is where we are going to visit the Earth Channel drive up and getting content from there over to our modems on to the terminals themselves up to the satellites back down again i know all the acknowledgments coming back to across the internet so we can keep on streaming just here we just got 3 more minutes and then the satellites will be coming out over its satellite flies it takes about 3 minutes and then the next next. 1010 seconds. There. Were now Live Streaming video from the 30th channel. There were briefly of the quality of the signal wasnt good enough so it lost the connection but. We tried and were still in testing were testing the circuit so optimizing the system to get better and better performance better latency you know improve quality of video all the stuff what ok well thanks everybody for joe thank. You that providing sufficient bandwidth for streaming videos in full h. D. Will require the launch and deployment of far more satellites and more ground stations. Over in the United States one webb has a 2nd ground station not far from washington d. C. The constellation satellites can be controlled from here and from headquarters in london. Daria corinne is responsible for coordinating the constellations flight maneuvers she and colleague ny ritchie control individual satellites. Here the 2 experts are conducting extensive tests connected to automatic control retains. Its a system that i want to trust but at the same time as a human i want to make sure im checking all of all of my checks and balances making sure that everything is ok with the tally before we proceed to the next step because again this isnt a simulation we have to take our time and we have to be as humanly perfect as possible how many controllers will be required to pilot a mega constellation of several 100 satellites this is well Artificial Intelligence will come in to assist the human operators i believe were going to be having one controller for about 20. 30 so its maybe even more were trying to automate our system so that one person can handle as many satellites that is needed within our crews because i mean like you said were not going to have a one to one ratio and we need to learn to automate our system so that when we see issues on board if our products cant do it manually then automatically our system should be able to handle it its kind of a walk before you run type of i guess philosophy so instead of having so many satellites up at 1st we deployed you know 6 and then we could spend a significant amount of time kind of getting to know them i can make a new friend basically just deciding you know this satellite is capable of this and its not capable of this and ball i kind of adapt to the constellation as it grows to because of our ability to understand the vehicles for months weve you know since launch for 6 months now and we have gotten a good idea of the types of tools that will need in order to use you know sustain a mega consolation and in addition to the technical challenges there are also no end of regulating the old stickles to overcome its all right. Kelly into a team of trying to convince more than 200 Different Countries and territories to grant one Web Commission to provide services. Every person in the world wants access to information and entertainment and they may define that differently and their country may be concerned about what access they have but even in a country like north korea wants their people to have access to certain kinds of information right and so every country in the world wants their people connected they may want to control the way theyre connected they may have concerns about Data Protection or security but they want their people connected and so Even North Korea even cuba. Even india china russia theyre all interested in conic to connectivity is the key to the future. Internet access in north korea china and russia is regulated differently than in germany what surprised the company was how more democratic nations also tend to demand an emergency off switch before giving approval to Internet Access via satellite constellation you know what even the United States ask for an off switch. Every country wants a little control over the traffic and its country and one of the things they say basically is if you cause interference usually you know youll need to be turned off and you say of course the ideas im never going to cause interference were going back to the coordination with the other satellite systems i dont want to have to turn off so im going to make darn sure that im not interfering at anything. One web and its rival google space x. A commonly neck and neck in this new space race with amazon lagging some distance behind with a high Speed Internet from low earth orbit will actually be commercially available by the end of 2021 is still hard to say. South korea has the fastest mobile internet on the planet and practically everyone here has high speed connectivity via to rest real all mobile networks. And it hear that now thanes in his colleagues are working towards a few chill where every person on earth could have fast internet via satellite provided governments allow it. To the point of strong opinions clear positions international perspectives. While the rest of the world struggles with cold it is a country where it all began this reporting low infection rates and strong growth in china and corrupted by a list of super spreader to economic winners find out how to the point. To the point of explicitly obsession nuts on w. Imagine how many forces love us right now right now Climate Treatment of an awful story. Vicious wife leslie way for just one week. How much work to really do. Wish to have time to work im going. To success. That subscribes like this. The funny sentence the coronavirus pandemic. Where does science stand. And what new findings have researchers need. Information and background to. Look around update comes with 19 special. Monday to friday on d w. This is news live from berlin and less chaos but just as must get much conflict in the final u. S. President ial debate with time running out to convince crucial undecided voters both Democratic Candidates joe biden and President Donald Trump need a when we ask who really came out on top. Also coming up on code that high alert test cases served across the continent germany is getting hit by a Record Number of defections governor