Hear how the coronavirus pandemic has forced one brass band to change its tune and soothe the stress in yoga studio. Welcome to the program a russian brokered ceasefire in the disputed region of the governor has failed to hold as are by jan says shelling by Armenian Forces has killed several people and wounded dozens more both sides continue to blame each other for breaking the truce and escalating 2 weeks of fierce clashes. For an evening walk on the streets of. Azerbaijan 2nd largest city taking comfort in this trying cease fire. A safe spot that hasnt held following shelling in a residential area of ganja locals describe a night of terror. These were sleeping it was around 2 in the morning we heard an explosion and after that our house blew up it was. This that and debbie did go down but you are wrong fell on my face when i opened my eyes and another rocket hit. I said to myself what is this all i can see was clouds of dust. As if by john also ignored the cease fire releasing this footage of as strikes on alleged i mean in military positions. On the ground the brutality of war strikes time these are many mourners trying to come to terms with the loss of a family member. But. A Prisoner Exchange meant to take place sunday was also part of the ceasefire the leader of the so proclaimed meaning republic of nagornokarabakh says azerbaijan is not living up to its part of the deal. According to the agreement this process was supposed to take place today with the support of the red cross. There are hundreds of dead bodies lying there and the government is indifferent to that. People. As a by john says its a mania that is acting in bad faith. Own little shred of logic it seems that the armenian side continues to use the ceasefire to its advantage their attacks on the civilian population of azerbaijan these events were also covered by foreign journalists in our country. Its now been 2 weeks of fighting inflaming old hatreds that decades of negotiations have failed to put to rest. Tens of thousands of belarus since have taken to the streets of the capital minsk to protest against president Alexander Lukashenko opposition groups say that Security Forces detained hundreds of demonstrators along with much of the International Community they say the countrys authoritarian leader rigged elections in august and must step down. The people of minsk have reached the boiling point. Here of the new us there he stands a fascist then yes i will remember him for my whole life. Once more they took to the streets to demand president lukashenko step down. Only to be met by the full strength of Security Forces. Some day saw some of the most violent tactics yet from all 36. Percent military vehicles into the center of the capital. Groups of black clad mosques police were filmed running towards protesters. Opposition news sites this witness footage of them pulling protesters to the ground. And dragging them into black mini buses the scene seemed to clash with those film just one day earlier when president lukashenko met with his jailed political opponents to discuss reforms. Shouldnt really be focused on the constitution. Im trying to convince not only real supporters but the whole of society that one needs to look at things more broadly. The Bizarre Television meeting did little to the swayed many from participating in sundays protests. Because he wants to look like the kind laid on with so that the elderly in front of the television think that hes really ready for the dialogue with the opposition over here saying. Hes just a terrorist talking to his hostages and hes trying to sell that to us as negotiations. Demonstrators have vowed to continue taking to the streets until president lukashenko steps down. Time to take a look now at some of the other stories making news around the. Hong kongs chief executive kerry lab has announced she will postpone her annual policy address it was originally scheduled for wednesday but that coincides with a visit by president chinese president xi jinping to nearby shenzhen lam says shes aiming to give the address by the end of the following a trip to beijing later this month. Officials in mexico city have taken down a disputed statue of Christopher Columbus left wing groups had earlier threatened to tear the statue down from its pedestal on monday the 12th of october is a Controversial National holiday in much of the americas marking the arrival of columbus and 1492. American president Donald Trumps pick for the Supreme Court amy coney barony and is set to go before the Senate Judiciary committee on monday barrett is widely seen as a strict conservative if shes confirmed by the committee then the full senate will vote on her nomination. Thank you. Donald trump says hes fully recovered from code 19 he hasnt presented a negative test result from plans to return to the campaign trail on monday with his 1st stop in florida which is a battleground state. And now we look at some of the other developments in the pandemic british Prime Minister Boris Johnson is due to outline a new 3 tier alert system for england later today liverpool and the hard hit north is planning to go into partial lockdown again a survey of nurses in france has revealed that more than half are close to burnout many are reporting a higher workload and say they have been unable to get time off since march. Australia says it is considering restoring travel links to low risk asia pacific nations like japan and south korea the government warns most travel to and from europe and the u. S. Could remain off limits until 2022. Nigerias government has announced the abolition of a Controversial Police unit accused of corruption and human rights abuses the countrys president is also promising accountability and justice in cases of Police Brutality this follows days of street protests after a video allegedly showing the killing of a man by officers went viral and sparked global demonstrations. A shout of frustration thats echoing across africas most populous country nigerians have had enough of Police Brutality. There. Todays protests against the Tourist Special and the robbery squad have composed the country demonstrators think the place to anything but protect in so. I mean routine in this country i meet nothing like we dont have i live i do you weve done danny nazi yes i do i do the unit suppose a purpose is to tackle Violent Crime theres no parking lot how do you want to point out what is the nigerians have long complained that its offices act like criminals themselves. The latest and protests began as a quick action inside this one putting. It soon grew into a Straight Movement one supported by large parts of Nigerian Society and that was a simple message resoundingly with many people rather than i deserve i know well that i dont but im not one of the they really think im going to buy my they dont want a prostitute which i dont do that i will do i put my money on the anti brutality protests have themselves be met with force creating even more anger against the police and seemingly forcing the government to act against the special squad. The use of protest it has now ended so as demonstrators have been demanding that the. We turn to sports now and in basketball the Los Angeles Lakers have won their 1st n. B. A. Championship title in a decade fans spilled out into the streets outside the Staples Center in downtown l. A. To celebrate the lakers victory over the miami heat gives the team a record tying 17th and be a championship title caps an unprecedented season that resumed in july after a 4 month 19 shutdown. And we turn to tennis now rafael nadal has beaten Novak Djokovic in a blockbuster showdown at the french open the spaniard one in 7 straight sets 662. 75 to claim his 13th french open title he has now equalled Roger Federers all time record of 20 grand slams in the process and didnt lose a single set throughout the turn it. And in formula one news mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton has won the eifel grand prix in germany equaling Michael Schumacher all time record of 91. 00 grand prix wins in the process reigning champion has now edged closer to a 7th World Championship title after that victory at the nerve birdbrain running of the podium or red bulls max for staff and renaults daniel rick yard oh. Germany is among the many European Countries struggling to contain the surge in corona virus infections local governments are stepping up restrictions on public life and thats having an impact on musicians so one german brass band is trying something new to ease pandemic in juice stress they swapped the stage for the yoga studio. A tranquil place here in the southern german state of for a very. Its the premie yeah of symphony number one. Idea from the group. Normally they would be touring around the world but the coronavirus pandemic has forced the band to be more flexible. At least coronavirus times are of course depressing for musicians were not allowed to do concerts which is what we love to do most being with people and having a good time ever in sweats and dances it doesnt feel like that now its. The bronze band i used to be stages. Here makes of traditional bavarian brass music. Funk and tech night has brought them success on the international stage. Theyve moved to a more relaxing ching. To see what doing well this young guy thing when we play a concert for an hour and a people are dancing and sweating already then we usually do a short break for us musicians and also for the people where we play very quiet music and below us there are 10 or 20000 people doing the exercises. Today show is sold out but only 150 people are here all on mats and socially distanced. You have never done yoga but i heard about this when i was through i was during the pandemic you dont get to say any love music yet and its going to be very very excited because la presse band didnt only paint pictures with its music but landscapes often gets a time when most if a had so much energy and this time too even if it was in a different way but theyre doing it with a dog and. Its an experiment the band wants to repeat. Relaxing instead of being stressed by the pandemic. And you are of course watching t. V. News live from berlin up next part 2 of our doc film germany and the cold war will have more news for you with the top of the hour the next peiser thanks for watching. Imagine how many portions of old loves us right now in the morning Climate Change is a good awful story this is my placing wait for just one week. And really just. We still have time to ask im going. To fish. For say. The cold war it was an ideological war people said you know that its not clear what system is best what system will prevail. Its tara long time the issue of who was more colorful economically to see was not totally clearly displayed and in the west the sputnik shock cost total panic sets and for the proof of. How surprising was that now its us who are showing the west showing the americans what technical progress is fix the issue faults get. Done muds got beside me to have a military doctrine at the time use was mutual assured destruction we were the kurds if they had its an. Early work. Theres been so in the 1st 15 minutes of a war germany would have gone up in flames like a tool which. You had we were really scared because it could all kick off any time someone goes crazy and bam were in the middle of a 2 minute. In the early 1970 s. The world was largely divided between 2 superpowers and for moscow and washington the fight for supremacy remained an ongoing battle with upgraded weapons new cross. The wars the new perceived threats there seem to be no end in sight to the out of control on israel. The plans of the United States and the soviet union still saw germany as the main theater of a potential new hot conflict. This would be the stage for any devastating 3rd world war. Both east and west germany were awash with troops tanks and countless other weapons with each superpower blaming the other for the arms race. Meanwhile people in the west were watching events unfold on television and a new proxy war between the superpowers in Southeast Asia and as the us waged war in vietnam. In the form of. The remembered try and in need was an incredibly savage conduct like we did with napalm domes that the fully hated entire swaths of land in. The vietnam war was far away but all too close. It was a conflict that would also have a major impact on the cold war changing the perception of america in the west while reinforcing the countrys image in the eastern bloc. Safin of the time i was deeply shocked by some of the footage we were shown that he shouldnt put pictures of people lying dead in the street. To a terrible. Czech and. Vietnam had been a divided country since the pullout of former colonial power france at 1954. In the leader in the north wanted to establish a united. Communist vietnam with the support of the soviet union and china determined to prevent that scenario the us sentenced troops to support the south of the country a new proxy war and suit in which both washington and moscow were involved whether directly or indirectly by the end of the 1960 s. At the height of what a stance of lee had been a civil war the us had half a 1000000 men stationed in vietnam it was a war waged without mercy more than 50000 american troops died half of them under the age of 21 the soviet bloc supported the men with east germany providing medical assistance and domestically to the one party state in east berlin insisted on its people helping the north. Vietnam in them interest Health Vietnam side so he got much its got so shocked you would Fund Raising Campaigns were launched asking us to donate money for vietnam do you feel vietnam to spend it or not and so i cannot thank you for the most simple example are you sure enough about the ad. On your phone would just simply trying to make a fall when youre in here for a new york edge and then check one made a comment. I discovered that most of the money was used solely to buy arms however people really did send packages i can remember that we too took that seriously i thought it was a good thing. In 1975 the war ended in victory for the north vietnamese in a further blow to the supposed it moral superiority of the west estimates of the casualties of the war primarily been the means civilians range between 2 and 5000000 people peace in vietnam was at least followed by a period of detente between the 2 superpowers culminating and the whole in ski accords in 1975. The 35. 00 signatories pledge to settle disputes peacefully and to observe fundamental freedoms and humor. Rights including west and east german leaders and which schmidt and chanukah human rights invoked by east german activists. The hope now is for at least a slowdown on arms escalation and closer Economic Cooperation between the 2 blocks. And it was the germans who benefited most from these agreements. The berlin wall was perforated and labeling the passage of goods and loans and for germans to visit relatives on the other side of the divide. To what was now in each case an alien country. This the whole environment was extremely oppressive equipment. And so just visible every lesson had. It was difficult. To finish its natural printed matter that we had with us was regarded as propaganda material irrespective of whether it was the stand news magazine a womens magazine or a novel that made no difference it was seen as i began to material. Due to material shortages in east germany relatives in the west would often bring particular foods and consumer items with them as presents a range of goods were unavailable simply because the east German Authorities sold them to the west for hard currency. Some were openly displayed in shop windows the us was well aware of this growing source of income. We forget for example that if you were a west german citizen you wanted to visit the east you had to pay a large fee even go across the wall and and if there were all kinds of subventions and subsidies that the rich west germany paid to eat. Germany and in my judgment that kind of that kind of economic support those subsidies simply prolonged a very corrupt in effective inefficient regime. It was a regime that continued to invest a large share of its budgets and new weapons such as the aristide 10 a new generation of soviet missiles known in the west as best as twentys they were faster and more accurate than the missiles of the 1960 s. Plus the launch pads were mobile. The arms race entered yet another new phase. The us responded by deploying a new arms arsenal for europe the pershing 2 and cruise missiles medium range Ballistic Missiles said to be highly advanced. Your dominance moved him so beautician booch of a time i spoke to soviet ambassador fallen about the issue of ogres he told me nightmare stories about the capabilities of the cruise missiles from the persian exams out there so accurate he said that they could fly through a soccer goal and to about 2 or 3 even. Now you can understand how close we were to a Nuclear Disaster through. The story home. At the same time it was becoming increasingly evident that the soviet union was arming itself into bankruptcy the economy was stagnating while its industry was outdated and shortages became the norm because the not usual side views were and this was a country that had won the war and built up communism but it couldnt feed its own people. Unbelievable. The stuff in the prompter newspaper or the truth was the main mouthpiece of the soviet regime when journalist brits plight can arrived in moscow in 1970 he quickly realized that reporting the truth would not be easy be a bit tough to know your endorsement in west germany we regarded every soviet citizen as a k. G. B. Agent whether they were a diplomat or a journalist or whatever to describe you can bursley in moscow we were seen as agents of west german intelligence or the cia this being and they did this so you got used to looking in your Rearview Mirror to check whether you were being followed or not. And it was with satisfaction that you noticed you werent driving through moscow on your own mission. In moscow now with land it never to help the military continue to showcase its arsenal on official parades western journalists were prevented from gaining insights into the soviets military situation. By spirits my eyes are. Going to give eason i was always keen to get footage of the legendary s. S. 22 film and own tog and i would often use liquor or Little Leather items to make this or that person more inclined to help me to commission. But i still couldnt get a look inside the wooden crates and then had screws to vanished some good west german journalist fritz pike and spent 7 years in the russian capital. He also looked for stories otherwise hidden behind the propaganda sought in the process establishing contact with political opposition figures and dissidents such as andre soccer off. And we saw from above but at the time. Was the central figure among soviet dissidents soviet a Nuclear Scientist who had now turned his back on the regime as hes done now before new regime. Whenever i went to see a bemused and oddly. Nothing a light in the hall in the building where he lived was a broken i was in my. House floor capote as i climbed the stairs behind and again i encountered shadowy figures. Of i had to work my way around i had to diminish duration. The west also had it shadowy figures as both sides conducted a clandestine conflict. The cold war had its fair share of the real life james bond stories. In one case an Insurance Agent made copies of classified west German Defense documents over a period of 2 decades. And passed them on to east german intelligence. A full of feel good i also photographed of course with the daylight developing technique of them sometimes there would be 4 or 5 strips hanging down in my shower to dry. When they were then cut up into sections like this which could easily be slipped into a wallet with a secret compartment when he called them one in and of least close to the wallet was then simply exchanged for the one the courier was carrying when you believed those who wouldnt but included told us he took pop attended a number of anti p. S. Non protest marches in west germany and i 960. And came to the attention of east German Military intelligence. It was tough to knew much as i met someone who said are you going to let yourself be beaten up by the police from you tube you can do a lot more for detente if you go to bond and inform on the ministry of defense in this clearest it was during this time that the top pop met a gone stepha his new friend was a reservist officer in the west German Armed Forces and was hoping to get a job at the ministry of defense and bought an ideal recruit. At 1st i couldnt believe my ears. A clerk on the planning staff stuck. As stepha began taking photos of documents forwarded them to the authorities in east berlin. He would meet his contact officer in hungary or other countries just behind the iron curtain traveling via and direct routes are sometimes undercover. Different crews dont want to deal with in those days passenger flight data were evaluated thats how it was so at the time i had 5 past 4 its always was that that enabled him to switch identities and airport transit areas. In addition to forged i. D. s he also used fake mustache its so slim too sure there is of course a lot of tension involved and he was and you need to be cool when youre crossing borders with a false identity and you go to dismiss what i knew what was involved and so i accepted the tension of the stress my role brought with it a visual. Person called. East germany referred to spies like paul as agents of peace and perhaps they actually did help to prevent an outbreak of war. Brussels home to nato headquarters its offices contain top secret information on the western alliances Nuclear Arsenal as well as military maneuvers west German Lieutenant colonel klaus gets was involved in the planning of the latter. Among his aides was senior secretary owes a lot ansen. T. V. News if she was a very hard working person she was usually in the office at the weekend as well which always earned her a great deal of respect. We were really impressed by her commitment. Festus much as always. One of the maneuvers klaus gets oversaw was when tex symmetrix due to begin on march 5th 1979. For hot and fan march for a c. Evening before earl rang me to say that she would be in a little later the next morning because she had a dentists appointment so. That next morning klaus gets as well as his nato colleagues and the wider world would discover that there was another dimension to his secretarys commitment and hard work. To the county and i received a call from count door a correspondent with the events newspaper. Are you sitting down he asked yes why. Do you know where your ursule is also fox shes got a dental appointment i replied i dont think so. Lawrence and was an east german agent based at nato Operations Command in brussels the 40 year old secretary and a male companion had led to east germany via yugoslavia west German Federal investigators suspected a case of sex be a notch like other intelligence agencies east germany had spies trying to seduce officials on the other side in order to gain classified information it was hard especially the news came as an absolute shock to us because we realized that she knew that basically all needles confidential material was stored with us the guy must be out there not. Shortly afterwards rosa laurenson went public she told viewers on east german t. V. That nato had plans to attack the eastern bloc with Nuclear Weapons must continue to its usual so to plan all the models are. Also to count. On a test and you know plan you attune that. You can use it to destruction stuff and i think its just both sides of the. Cold war had always stressed they were merely interested in self defense but did the west intend to attack what exactly did Rosa Lawrence a know and why she telling the truth doug i know it seems she mentioned specific targets she simply could not have known about it i didnt know them by that nobody did know because Nuclear Planning had the highest secrecy rating of all in nato not too far as the language she used was not her language english there is no doubt that they practice with her before hand what she should say. The east had scored a propaganda coup although even today its unclear exactly what was a law in sunu she remained in east germany but her marriage to her male companion and suspected spy failed after the fall of the berlin wall and the communist regime she fled to libya her whereabouts since then are unknown. As for what she did represents the most serious case of espionage nato has ever experienced not to touch. Meanwhile west germany was itself swamped with weapons. Some conventional anti aircraft missiles were installed right next to public roads. In 1980 almost a quarter of a 1000000 american soldiers were stationed in the country distributed across 850 facilities and barracks the cold war was omnipresent. The nato double tracked decision of 979. 00 secured the deployment of new Nuclear Weapons and west germany while at the same time continuing disarmament talks. It wasnt until 983 that this highly controversial agreement was a ratified by the west german parliament. Deep dish but i. I noticed that certainly from mass unfinished on smith sorts of stemmons. He named biden start. Us there and shy though i notice my its theres this and then always leave. Their minds. Sides does encompass vision goat. Common. Green Party Politician auto shelley was referring to Ronald Reagan who was subject to increasing skepticism among other west germans yeah that same year peace demonstrations against nuclear rearmament reached their peak the nato double track agreement embraced disarmament talks a stance of lee at least on october 22nd 183 half a 1000000 people protested in bonn alone one of the biggest demonstrations in german history almost as big as the Popular Uprising in east germany on june 17th 1953 and there were further demonstrations in hamburg west berlin and stood guard over 1000000 people took to the streets of west germany to protest against the deployment of Nuclear Missiles he got just as those were of interest it was truly. It was an outcry only limited scale of course it was incredibly impressive. You know and i mean i remember young men and women standing outside my home and protesting at the double track agreement the women said to me we are not going to bring any children into this world they were that radical kind and added this world is doomed to take holding torches they stood in front of my house for hours his emotions ran high but a situation was highly charged and would soon know how not a situation in which understanding between the 2 blocs was indeed becoming less and less likely in march 1903 u. S. President Ronald Reagan spoke of a crusade against communism let us be aware that while they preach the. Mostly of the state declare its omnipotence over individual man to predict its eventual domination of all peoples and they are they are the focus of evil in the modern world the. Time when reagans evil empire lets reserve a Nuclear Conflict was considerable these International Peace programs whether they involved culture education or whatever had all ceased but all you had now was hostility and the feeling that you could already hear the guns of war. In 1983 the soviet union shot down a south korean passenger jet after it had strayed into soviet air space all 269 people on board were killed including 63 americans. Instead of the planned disarmament talks a new escalation in the cold war loom. And the world held its breath. As the 2 sides mustered all the technological means available the arms race entered a new dimension u. S. Plans to intercept enemy missiles from outer space threaten to upset the military balance the soviet Union Washington assumed would surely be unable to compete with americas Strategic Defense Initiative s. D. I. And for many hope was kindled with the appointment of a new leader in moscow in 1905. For more often than those of in 1905 became the new soviet leader forged and suddenly we began to imagine what changes this might raise always see in khan. Claimed openness and transparency in discussions to. Us. In contrast to the g. D. R. Where everything was still clothed in secrecy in the soviet union it was suddenly possible to talk openly about problems. In contrary opinions were also tolerated as well to this one couldnt be of a. Good that. Mikhail gorbachevs biggest problem was the soviet unions ailing economy the country was deep in debt and urgently needed to reduce its military spending. At a superpower summit and the icelandic capital reykjavik and october 1906 gorbachev proposed sweeping changes among them a call for the 2 sides to cut their weapons arsenals and half at 1st president reagan rejected the offer. I knew chris a conference not to go but there was then this press conference for which gorbachev did something incredibly crazy and smart toes and he sat down in front of a 1000 journalists who had lots of questions to ask music they didnt get to ask why it was because once gorbachev had a microphone in front of them goofily didnt stop talking to me oh yeah. Well you might you know i want you. I dont know. But. Not there you need to untie the boots and he talked and talked and his message was you proved this was a good summit meeting goes on for this was less than ours and we will achieve a good result. In the meantime reagan had landed in washington and read the news as to what else could he say but not that it was a good summit meeting and after that they did have productive discussion on zinn seemed to praise. The new course taken by gorbachev also effect it changed the relations between people in the east and west. Earlier in 1906 t. V. Stations in the u. S. And the soviet union broadcast a citizens summit via satellite in which residents of seattle and leningrad were able to put questions to each other. Posner was the presenter for the russian channel. The discussion got off to a lively start with questions such as. Who is. Why this and why that. People never expected to meet so many questions. And they had their own national was the reason for the vietnam war. And then they really had a go at one another. A fisherman stood up a good looking american wearing a Leather Jacket and asked him what exactly are we doing here. I wish this wouldnt be all we could get to know you i think its a bad way to start i wouldnt have come here if i wouldve known it was going to be this political i thought id get to get a chance to know more and by the russian people on. Their show youve got to realize one of controversy about what theyre trying to do now and i really feel unfortunate i wish we could sit down and meet with you and talk all i ask of. You to. Interested in each other it was a perfectly normal discussion between people it was as if we were sitting around a table and enjoying it. And of course it had a very special dynamic of. The broadcast was a huge success with over 100000000 viewers in the soviet union and so. 1000000 and the United States the american presenter later said we reached out instead of lashing out briefly the cold war faded into the background for ordinary people corba chop continued with his reforms hoping to modernize Russian Society and the economy in order to catch up with the capitalist west. The newly won freedoms however saw growing internal criticism of the system there were public protests by the mothers of soldiers killed in afghanistan the soviet invasion of the country had become another proxy war between the superpowers and a moral and Economic Disaster from moscow dubbed the soviet union speak naam in 1908 gorbachev ordered a pull out of soviet troops after a 10 year occupation the final phase of the withdrawal was overseen by gen boris gromov on february 15th 1909 he was among the last group of troops to cross the soviet Afghan Border where he was welcomed home by his 14 year old son. Joe dumars door by number of instances a groom wanted to collect the war in afghanistan had a huge psychological impact nationally that they were able. To see what he saw. The men who fought there certainly wouldnt agree with me because they see themselves as a brotherhood and often one of heroes youre all. Know that someone did them. But our senior but actually it was a defeat and there were a lot of lies about the number of fatalities a crew that there were some coffins were even used to transporting narcotics of quick to go it was a serious psychological blow throughout people to see knew. It was a disappointment and a complete loss of faith in the government but as it should have you. What to do saturday g. O. P. Gorbachevs new policy of perestroika also impacted on the rest of Eastern Europe in september 1987 east german leader every hanukah arrived in vaughan to meet west german chancellor helmut kohl images of the historic visit suggested a relaxing of relations while also indicating that the status quo would remain a divided germany but most of us did not see those changes coming and when i say most of us are not simply talking about americans but also west germans mean we had meetings with with west german diplomats with people in the b. And d. And others nobody saw the end of the wall really coming. In fact i remember maybe in 198788 i had some german businessmen at my residence in bonn for dinner and they were telling me how is the east German Economy was the was the best economy in Eastern Europe that they were that those companies in east germany were were really Good Companies because well they may have been living in they may have been in a communist system they were still german but east germany was struggling economically with the levitated factories and parts of its towns and cities still looking war torn a growing number of people now wanted not only to travel abroad but to leave the country for good and hungry also part of the communist eastern bloc the border to austria was briefly opened in september 1909 unable to thousands of east germans to flee to the west. Does. Its. Meanwhile thousands more were seeking refuge in the west German Embassy in the czechoslovakia and capital prague as communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the cold war itself appeared to be close to an end. But many. He stayed behind in the hope of bringing about change back home by voting with their feet in a different way the now legendary monday demonstrations in leipsic grew in size from one week to the next but there were fears that this opposition would be crushed the uprising by east germans in 1953 had been suppressed by soviet tanks. If the east germans wanted to do in the east germans debated this they called this the chinese solution. Are we going to do our own Tiananmen Square but will it be unliked so they could roll in the tanks and put them down there at the hospital beds ready and theyd come to the russians or say we are join us and support us if we start killing a lot of our people frankly the soviets no longer believed in that and i think its to their everlast to everlasting credit of Mikhail Gorbachev and others that they no longer believed that their view were so sure they were right that they were willing to kill hundreds or thousands of people to impose their view of what was right on. They it was great statesmanship at a very difficult time. On november 9th 1989 the berlin wall fell the ultimate symbol of German Division and the cold war a momentous event celebrated by germans on either side of the border and on it. Once again the eyes of the world were on berlin. The spark for change in communist Eastern Europe had come from poland in the early 1980 s. And now various regimes were succumbing to the calls for freedom. In december 1909 romanian dictator nicholas ceausescu was toppled in a popular revolution hungary saw a peaceful and successful uprising and in contrast to the prague spring of 1968 soviet troops did not intervene in czechoslovakia. But in moscow Mikhail Gorbachev himself was at risk of being removed by hardliners. We did always feared this danger i remember during the winter of 19891991 of the conversations with chancellor kohl we talked about the danger of what might happen if the if you know we thought it any time there could be a coup or an overthrow of power in the soviet union we began worrying about this in 1909 and even developed a secret army group to work on. And cole had a wonderful expression on this call. Is like the farmer who needs to quickly gather in the hay before the storm because the storm could come at any time you knew that and. Sensing a desire among germans for reunification the west german leader was eager to seize a golden opportunity. Although he needed the go ahead from the superpowers. In the immediate end of the cold war when i think helmut kohl who understood the yearnings of the german people called for vitter for i knew going and got the support of president george h. W. Bush for that despite the fact that Margaret Thatcher and friends for mr ron may have had some 2nd thoughts i think it became inevitable i think the majority of the german people wanted to see it happen but where would a reunion germany stand between the cold war fronts helmut kohl began negotiations with gorbachev and promised to help with the problems his country was facing im sorry on february 10th 1910 with cole was in moscow if he was promised that if you provided generous help and support a united germany could be a part of nato and another to side with. The soviet union was desperately poor. Helmut kohl ordered donations of food to help the country heading into the winter of 1998. And also to further the cause of german reunification. In july 990 cole visited gorbachev and the latters native caucasus region of southwestern russia. Footage of the 2 men in casual clothing seemed a world away from the cold conflict that had pitted west against east for decades. That was good. News dusty for him. And trying to hide the ranch t. Bone it was then grabbed her fist in india ive been for talking to you. If youre Mission Still in front of a crowd for it standing up close. Thats kind of dodged around so so i pulled the sign i filed the gong design a follow on the shrink just to have any teeth found a dark. Kind for i searched and child. Oh. Is this. On september 12th 1900 the 2 plus 4 agreements finally pave the way forward to german unification. The soviets would begin withdrawing their forces in east germany with helmut kohl pledging to cover the resulting costs. But here germany was prepared to accept our demand. We needed 14000000000 do it to build accommodation for the troops to be withdrawn from germany and other things were the threat of. October 3rd 1900. After 4 decades of Division Germany celebrated its reunification. In berlin until then the pivotal heart of the cold war. For germans the magnitude of the moment perhaps veiled the fact that the cold war was not yet over that the world was still full of Nuclear Missiles and now that too was the subject of negotiations. Richard berke was among the dignitaries on the american side the last major battle of the cold war took place in a negotiating room in geneva. One of the secrets of negotiation of International Negotiations like this is youre not just negotiating against the other side youre negotiating with your own capital. I mean everybody everybody back in washington was watching what i was doing and they were afraid i was going to give something away. The americans knew that their economy could cope with the potential of the arms race. But the soviet union could not a weakness that washington was able to exploit. The president told me president said listen rick you know youve got to be prepared if we cant get the kind of agreement we need youve got to be prepared to walk away and thats thats this is the message you got to send to the other side. And it was a message that was understood. The talks culminated in the biggest advance in disarmament since the start of the cold war the strategic arms reduction treaty or start limited the number of Delivery Systems and almost halved the number of Nuclear Warheads deployed by both sides. Also in 1901 on march 31st the Member States of the warsaw pact dissolve the alliance 36 years after it was founded soviet forces were subsequently withdrawn from the entire eastern bloc the collapse of the soviet union itself was now also well underway. The baltic republics had already declared independence in 1990 s. And in december 1 19019 other members also ceded from the union including russia the soviet union had been succeeded by the commonwealth of independent states in the year so it gives you. Some good out of the. She. She brought see so but also when you saw the user these human figures who got us. Yes were going to show you so you didnt just know it was too busy and there is a sense. On december 26th 1991. Almost half a century after the allies had defeated and divided germany one of the victorious superpowers had itself become history. The soviet union had ceased to exist. And its demise marked the end of the cold war. I dont like the expression we won the cold war because the soviets did it to themselves it was a it was not a regime it was a reach that could could compete over time it was not a sustainable system sustainable spiritually. Sustainable economically. And sustainable politically. Thats what turned george bush sr thats what george bush sr had also said if we have one finally we are going but in moral terms it does and i would dispute that if they have the minute we were if they kept on repeating youve lost the cold war youll no longer a major power so shots often dont interfere your opinion doesnt interest us any move near. Communism in Eastern Europe had reached the end of the line. So surely people hoped in the early 1990 s. That would also mean the end of the cold war. The superpowers began scrapping their tanks and a new giant leap for mankind. But 30 years on lets say rattling has resumed some theor a new cold war between the old photos. As both sides withdraw from old arms treaties. Our relationship. Has never been worse. Than it is now. Although germany at least has gone on to assume a new role and international affairs. Of. Literature in the age of corona. Cold war and winning novels. Experimenting with an online book fair. And a female poet is awarded literatures highest honor to. Construct. Just 30 minutes on d w. Like dusty muddy tires and drums we deliver urgent lifesaving boxes we give our everything to reach those who need us the most every box feeding their futures. Boxes full of our hope of lifesaving food and theres so much more down the road with no names we feel asleep to live a relentless you know promise to make every delivery special. Not just next day but every day. Thousands of children are still waiting for their delivery sponsor books today so together we can deliver the changes. This is the job you news live from berlin european governments restrict travel an issue curfews as new Coronavirus Infections spiked spain is the worst that country and authorities have declared a state of emergency in the capital madrid a doctor on the front lines there tells us why the virus is once again spiked. And a truce in nagornokarabakh quickly collapses by john and armenia trading accusations as missiles kill civilians in a number of service
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