Accused each other of breaking a cease fire shortly after it came into effect the 2 former soviet republics had agreed to halt a recent outbreak of fighting in a decades long conflict over the disputed region of nagornokarabakh russia brokered the cease fire after hundreds of people were killed in 2 weeks of clashes. Authorities in germany have introduced new restrictions to curb local rises in corona virus cases bars and restaurants in the capital berlin had to close at 11 pm though there is some doubt about whether the new restrictions will be enough to stop the spike. This is to give you news from berlin follow us on twitter and instagram at news or visit our website dot com. This week on moral stories. Its. Lessons from the pandemic. Turkish waiting for tourists but we begin in russia where at the beginning of october journalist irene a slovenian search yourself and fire and later died from her injuries the Russian Federation is responsible for my death is the message she left on facebook. A death that sent shock waves through the city and through russia initially not good at hundreds of mourners came out to remember the journalist. Who let herself on fire here last week. It in us live in equals freedom of speech this sign reads. And at her Public Memorial Service anyone who wanted could say a few words in the journalists. Sorry that we didnt save you didnt keep you safe. You know worked with us live in up she remembers her colleague as being fiercely independent despite working in a country where Media Censorship is common place. Its hard to approach the authorities and ask questions now but irina always asked she asked uncomfortable questions you couldnt. She upset p. R. Officers because she didnt try to safeguard anyones reputation she always collected the facts to reveal a full picture of the very corruption and human rights violations. Of. Her supporters say slavin i was under near constant pressure by the authorities she had to pay several fines for her work at the independent media outlet she founded and just before her selfimmolation Security Forces searched her home over a case against opposition activists. Say said the home was searched on the same day the opposition politician things the authorities wanted to silence in the. I think she definitely meant her death to be a political act a final political act it was a final attempt to get through to people she seems to felt that the classical tools she had a media outlet her Facebook Page that wasnt enough for her they didnt get her the reaction she wanted. The governor of the region has expressed his condolences 1st love in those death. And promised a full investigation into its circumstances. Meanwhile the bench where she let herself on fire outside a Police Building has become an improvised memorial to the independent journalist. Italy was built for the worst hit countries the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. While infections there are increasing and the government and citizens have learned hard lesson just to let her buttocks situation earlier in the year. She lifts through the spanish flu the 2 world wars and now she survived covert 1940 money greeny is 108 years old during the 1st wave of the coronavirus and its elite she watched many friends in her nursing home die well. There we have been through so many things in my life and im still here it looks as if jesus christ doesnt want me. Care homes were hard hits in the early stages of the pandemic when milan was at the epicenter of the outbreak more than half of the 33000 lives lost to covered 19 in its elite weather here in the city and the surrounding lumber the region. Vanda got to be a volunteer with the white cross provided Emergency Support during the most acute stage of the crisis she captured some impressions of the chaos on her phone relieved. A very traumatic experience like a tsunami something that in the moment drives change it completely everything so from that moment that we change our out of the air we are our approach to the life people are legally obliged to wear masks in all crowded places from 6 pm to 6 am and many also keep theirs on during the day another reason infection rates are rising slowly is the long term effect of italys harsh lockdown which kept people confined to their homes for months on end. Professor maria retouches mondos says theres no magic formula for other countries to follow italy is not perfect and it certainly cant go it alone i think is an important. Think that is there to think out to the european to have the same of prosecute all therapy the same. Exchange of experiences so they say require counting not just that they look at localized. But to just motto you know european a strategy to face a divider says the professor also has high hopes for a rep its testing scheme the government plans to roll out in schools thats good news for material and his sister we thought they started class only 2 weeks ago and dont want to go back to homeschooling e. O. s. That i hope we can soon take off the mosques and get a bit closer to each other without having to keep our distance all the time. So that isnt that it stands. That. This cemetery is a bitter reminder of my last collective trauma the 128 people laid to rest here where brought here from overcrowded hospitals and morgues public support for ongoing restriction remains high many now fear the approaching winter. In turkey like and other countries the coronavirus pandemic has greatly hindered freedom of movement im traveling to countries Tourism Industry is suffering as a result which includes istanbul. At 1st glance he stumbles looks as lively as it did before the coronavirus crisis. But if you talk to shopkeepers in the touristic areas youll only he complains there are still hardly any foreign visitors and the frustration is growing by the day. We hear from morning till evening but we sell very little sometimes just one severe a day for. All of us have debts we arent selling anything we cant pay our rent so its a lost season utterly lost because even Luxury Hotels like the parapet are in crisis mode because of the pandemic and. The building is one of the stumbles landmarks and manager john carroll proudly shows me how beautiful it is the hotel was billed 130 years ago for the passengers of the legendary Orient Express today guests are staying in rooms once graced by emperor as president s and movie stars. Or Agatha Christie who wrote crime novels here. At the moment so most of the 115. 00 rooms of farley disinfected and abandoned. 21000. 00 was a very successful year for. It was the changing the person to a 95 per cent at the start of 2000. Pandemic. First. Person. 0 the situation has been particularly dramatic on the turkish riviera and tell us long beach is deserted for months most hotels closed. Since early august holiday makers have been returning mainly from russia because the government there is allowing flights to techie again. Some. Action has returned to intel yes pools and to towel owners now hope they can extend the Summer Season far into alltel. At the para palace they also hope for better times the hotel survived 2 world wars it might also survive endemic. But everyone here knows it will take time before tourists come back in large numbers and marvel at the sunset over eastern ball from the terrace of the para palace. German relief acacia took place 30 years ago afterward many people left east to me to find work in the wealthier western halasz of the country but their new gradually returning to more remote areas. A small town in an idyllic lakeside setting pen kuhn in the far north east is marking the 30th anniversary of the end of communist east germany on october the 3rd a Public Holiday either before and its something to celebrate im glad i experienced it then and that i can live like i do today things are much better now future. D w last reported from paying khun 13 years ago at that time young women were leading the d. Population of the region leaving the older men behind the women always wanted to move west. Or hamburg someone like that. Definitely going yes im out of here. Car is rubbish here. Paying khun and the whole of the northeast seemed then to be in terminal decline. Today it appears at 1st that most of the residents are still men but in fact there are young women with children living here as well the mass says theres no more talk of the town dying on its feet but is it and as always you know how many things have changed young families are moving here from berlin and the stettin area. Some of polish families bringing a breath of fresh air to our town or. Life in pen can began to improve in 2007 when the border opened between poland and germany playing kuhn is not far from the polish city of state teen a lot has changed since then the school was on the verge of closing but is now thriving thanks to its polish pupils. New homes are being built and more are planned people can also grow old here young people are moving to paying khun to work as carers in this retirement home not everything in pink or in is perfect ironically a building called unity house is an i saw it will soon be converted into a Medical Center other buildings are empty the last 2 shops in the Market Square have closed and you wont find anything to eat and drink but paying coon is not on its last legs there are just as many women as men again here and there are numbers a growing. Every day you can see it for us and for our planet. Global ideas is on its way to bring you more conservation. The book how do we make cities scream or how can we protect animals and their habitats what to do with the waste we can make a difference by choosing reforestation over deforestation recycling over disposable Smart New Solutions oberstein said you know what suburban is truly unique and we know that the uniqueness is what allows us to live and survive the idea as the Environmental Issues global 3000 on g. W. And on. This to some no story about a stubborn rice farmer from tyler. Has problem thats. His crew got no chemicals. And his plan was. The students are trying to get the tests dont stand a chance. Train in successful. Duck or shatter me starts october 15th d. W. Conditions are on the rights from cataracts to me a sign should missed a maturity generation millions of people worldwide suffer from poor vision. Climate reading fine print is almost impossible you have to hold the book up to your friends and young people are increasingly affected around 270000000 people are visually impaired and 36000000 a blindfold wide our sense of sight plays a vital role in our lives these things are very difficult. Just for the but often. Modern surgical techniques are less invasive and can help restore eyesight. And its a quantum leap of mine a revolution will soon. From Stem Cell Therapy to laser surgery new treatments and giving patients hope. This Residential Development in the city of minds germany is home to. Her brother max and their parents. 13 year old lily is an ordinary teenager she goes to dance class twice a week but she likes to chat with her friends. And family has been nearsighted since the 4th grange she has minus 4 diopters in her right eye mind just 0. 5 in her left one when lily takes off her glasses the girl looks like this even nearby objects appear blurred and her eyesight is continuing to deteriorate mcclellan. I see things best when theyre very close but it keeps getting worse. When i take off my glasses even my hand looks blurry anything further away is even blurry or. Nearsightedness all myopia is the result of the shape of the arc. Normally rays of light entering the eye. Refracted so they focus on the red at the back of the on when the eyeball is too long well the cornea to move to the light focuses at a point in front of the retina objects that are further away appear blue and. Thats always i saw with our eyes are designed for distance vision spending a lot of time looking at nearby objects put strain on our eyes when our eyes then gradually deform so that we can see nearby objects more easily but then we end up not being able to see objects at a distance as well. Thats whats called being near sighted. Myopia is partly hereditary peers are also near sighted. Really has an appointment at the eye clinic in mines for thorough examination. In order to confirm heads the eye clinic and is the specialist in the sightedness in what. First comes the exam with the sleep plan or just too much so that your chin on the chin rest you knew. He 1st examined. An optic nerve in both eyes nearsighted people should get a vision exam at least once a year. Myopia can promote the development of off a serious eye disorders it increases the risk of retinal detachment and cataracts. Lily is nearsighted at minus 4. 00 to 5. 00 diopters thats fairly nearsighted not as much as some but its quite a lot she started out with a quarter of a diopter when she was about 10 that tends to increase with age until maybe 18 or 20. 4 though would fall into daily is an example of how nearsightedness is on the rise. Hes investigating the coolness of the increase in a large scale. Study involving 15000 patients. The study has been underway for 12 years. The longer you go to school the more nearsighted you become of us money for every year you go to school you get a bit more nearsighted and that goes for University Degrees the longer you study the more nearsighted you become with this because so nearsightedness has a behavioral component. In supply. So myopia isnt just hereditary our lifestyle plays a role. As sightedness is linked to educational levels rise worldwide. And biases in oz and in asia even more young people are nearsighted month to lend some countries up to 80 or 90 percent. We think one factor might be the age at which children start school tie in some Asian Countries or they start school when theyre just 3 or 4 years old and in taiwan for example myopia has reached epidemic proportions up to 90 percent of School Children in major cities and nearsighted schools and universities are fresh cauldrons the workload is heavy even move than in europe long hours of study lead to more needs sightedness but many dont realize is that it myopia remains untreated it can lead to blindness. Ross can shrug off his vision problems for years as a Software Engineer he was working on a new program when he suffered a written detachment he underwent 12 surgeries but nothing helped ross is now blind at one point he contemplated suicide i came here i can me go always going to be there for me just. Because of the family farm things namely realize that perhaps if im settled down here myself when i go to Something Like this to do something for myself and others i. Can now goes to schools to tell his story and by. Yes awareness about nearsightedness. In the classroom he tries to connect with the children on a personal level. Every half hour we let our eyes have a brain how long. 10 minutes they reply and last night how long should you play outside every day. How its. The children are supposed to get their eyes upright from schoolwork but not now as hes in the books is ingrained in asian culture its an uphill battle the w. H. O. Estimates that pass the worlds population will be short sighted within 30 here its the simple measures could make a difference. Thats. The most important thing is to send children outside into the sunlight for 2 hours every day in song unleashed on the we know this is the best way to prevent nearsightedness eyelash docs and find out an instrument called a looks meter is used to measure light intensity so in peace and be a war you dont probably say theres plenty of light in this office but enough to work by the meter is showing 102. 5 looks thats not much like dust is sniff the light is much brighter outside the us if you mayor. Even bright lamps and no substitute for daylight eyes need sunlight the chance to view objects at a distance outside the light intensity is 100 times higher. Were told in the world by took the meter outside us but even though its cloudy were seeing 13600. 00 light thats much higher looks if it were sunny yellow it would be even higher than the door to me of the. Bright sunlight can be a 100000 looks on whom it may seem trivial but daylight works wonders against nearsightedness. Back at the clinic illy is undergoing another vision test shes supposed to read the numbers off the chart. Shes asked if she can read the largest number there. Is even the largest number is blurred. Notifier will continue monitoring lose vision and making sure she gets enough sunlight. Its the only way to treat her new sightedness and preserve her vision. And eye clinic in cologne germany specializes in other vision problems. Alfred remet is 60 years old he lives an hour away and comes here for treatment remet runs a company with over 2000 employees and often travels abroad his vision has been to tear writing for some time now this is what it looks like out the window this is what alfred remet sees and its getting worse. Its just its all kind of foggy blurry and foggy right now im still coping but ordinary activities are getting more difficult. After a dramatic has come here for a consultation with ask yourself and. His chief position at the clinic and a leading expert in cornell disorders. His exam shows that alfred rivet is a good candidate for surgery. But i think the lands in korea are crowded so 2 layers of the eye are clouded in one surgical procedure will try to eliminate both sources of his clouded vision will replace the lens and transplant the in a layer of the cornell from 2 young. The transparent cornea is part of the outer casing of the eye and serves as a kind of wind shield. Behind it the iris opens and closes to control the amount of light entering the eyes. The lens focuses the incoming light to create a shop in each on the retina. The optic nerve then transmits that information to the brain. 2 hours later the surgery is underway fast cosi fan is preparing the corneal transplant the clinic has its own i pad with corneas from organ donations the cornea does not have a direct blood supply for that reason it can be removed up to 72 hours after death. Cast course even carefully removes the edges of the cornea. The blue contrast agent helps him guide the delicate incisions. The cornea is only a few 1000 of a millimeter thick. Using a precision instrument he removes the intellect of the cornea. 6 the delicate tissue is rolled up and then placed on an injector. The instrument will later help him position the cornea in the patients i. The patient is wheeled into the operating room after the remedy is already under general anesthesia. The eyelids held open with retract as. With 3 tiny incisions the diseased in elia of the cornea is removed. You know what. I did this is the inner clown to flap of the cornea which is selectively removed. But it is about 10000th of a millimeter thing. But we only remove the disease for last year. And can move the rest of the cornea in place enough. That speeds up the healing process just a few years ago the entire cornea would have been transplanted. Then the injector is inserted into the eye and the thin cornea layer is unraveled. The longer procol a structure on the front of the eye is the transplant. It was not now we have to put it in the proper position. Where. It. Is above all before long ago and now we will film v. I. I. With a gas the gas bubble presses the transplant firmly onto the back of the cornea we dont sew it on its held in place by this gasp of. The gas bubble pushes the transparent on to the cornea in order for it to attach probably the patient will need to lie on his back quietly for several days everything goes smoothly and the surgery is a success. Secure grosss helps manage the i bank at the clinic today she retrieved a dont arrive from the Pathology Department the clinic in cologne open that i bank in 2000. Cigarette is carefully examines the eye for any sign. It deceives she then detaches the cornea bit by bit. Human corneas a still used in transplants but artificial ones and now under development. The doctor places the cornea in a nutrient medium and maintains the intra better at the perfect temperature ready for the next transplant surgery to man is high. As it does at 6000. 00 corneal transplants take place each year in germany and there are another 6000. 00 recipients on the waiting list of course we would like to have more donors to meet this demand to get us to. 5 weeks after the procedure after a dramatic is back at the cologne finnick for a check up. Since corneas dont have their own blood vessels they really rejected by the recipients immune system unlike with donor hots for example but he did have some difficulties at 1st he was an old his own version perfect by the kitchen is the im doing well malcolm of the 1st 14 days were hard infinitely hes going to specially for my i was very sensitive i could hardly open him to feel i was watering and my vision was blurred down off does she wish to turn my other i started watering too and felt the strain but about 10 days ago things got a lot better obvious perfect in goeth before soreness the surgery was a complete success and the healing process is going well since before the surgery missed out im not special it was down to about 40 percent now its at 90 percent and i will continue to have wars. For drum its vision in his right arm is almost normal again. The University Hospital in bonn jim. He focuses on one of the most common eye conditions in the western world age related Macular Degeneration or a. M. D. Karren causes sealift suffers from whats called wet a. M. D. This is how healthy i see the world. This is what currencies shes almost blind in her left eye. When a. M. D. Is less common than the dr form and it progresses more quickly. At 1st cut in cause its barely noticed the symptoms that have a 1st person but shrink it when i was doing my make up and would close one eye to do the other one i thought somethings not right theres a dark spot that shouldnt be there and the love from there to hurt when hitting on done then i saw my ophthalmologist he did several tests and i got a diagnosis of want as open with. The macular is a small area in the retina at the back of the i its where our vision is the sharpest and it contains most of the light sensing cells in am day blood vessels leak fluid blood into the macular that leads to swelling and damages the photo receptors. Found cold specializes in the treatment of Macular Degeneration although empty cannot be cured its progression can be slowed. Severely to their account is that the dangerous thing about this condition is that it irreversibly destroys the photoreceptors located in the center of the retina in the macula things where our vision is the sharpest often seen smooth. Because if thats what announcers to read recognize faces and drive you know so many everyday activities rely on these and its optional are paying when the ones that are macular is destroyed people find themselves with a serious disability buy into. Town in closets comes in for a check. Every 4 weeks left untreated the disease progresses very quickly. As green lines indicate where a crosssection of the retina is being displayed all this allows us to examine the structure of the retinal aisles and see where there might be fluid scope or feel good. Today to news isnt goods the scans show a small grey sickle on the retina that silly will need another injection of the drug thats used to treat the condition. The preparations are complex our eyes a delicate all guns everything needs to be sterile to ensure that bacteria want into the retina. The drugs injected directly into the eye the drugs inhibit a growth factor that promotes the formation of new blood vessels. The procedure itself takes just a few seconds. This is really its like a little prick on your finger and its over in a moment and thats it im grateful this treatment exists now would you put out but as for example priests shes responding to the treatment quite well but i have to keep repeating it this is a chronic condition that wont go away or get better it is. Not all patients many just well its can cause its elation many patients just continue treatment and the drugs dont work for everyone. But does not specify clinically is are broken doctors are investigating the therapies. Burra stansell is a leader in the field. He specializes in retinal surgery in Stem Cell Research and is currently running a major Clinical Study on a date. In good news it is one of 150 patients who are taking part in the pilot phase of a new Stem Cell Therapy she ringback was also receiving the injections but they stopped working using this scanner for a stars all checks to see how quickly the disease is progressing. Mark monocular was in the middle and heres the optic nerve. This black area around what was the macular is where the sounds of dives and its getting bigger and healthy my course of. The disease is very advanced. And good news is vision is only 5 percent of normal in her right eye and 10 percent in the left one. New therapy and to reprogram stem cells extracted from the participants blood. Then the dead retinal cells will be replaced with the reprogrammed ones. That were hoping to replace sounds a missing laugh here right here its still healthy and you can see right here theyre missing. And while its tough if we can get new cells to take root in this area then we might be able to revive the outer portion of the retina which is still in relatively good shape to meet. Another benefit of this kind of Stem Cell Therapy is that it doesnt involve any potential ethical concerns. We dont have to use embryonic stem cells we extract the stem cells from the patients own blood in much the same way that you do in a bone marrow donation. That image then we convert them into the proper cells in the laboratory and implant them back into the patient again implanted at. The i b m t for our institutions located just a short distance from the clinic and is collaboration in the development of the new therapy. Borish council is meeting with bargain from present director of the stem cell a bar tree the 2 scientists will check on how the reprogramming of the ice cells is coming along. The researchers here work with cell cultures 1st they reprogram the blood cells turning back the clock to return them to an undifferentiated state. Next they multiply the cells and then reprogram them the. Dose will become new tissue cells including red no cells. The new retinal cells can be seen under a microscope reprogramming them is complex. Thats monday in the n. C. A. A. Does it say we have to treat the cells with specific biological factors that allows you to return the cells to their original state looks as i read it and its quite an amazing accomplishment or is it something we never dreamed we could do its been 20 years ago it would have been unthinkable fantasy island from garmisch just as killing. The researchers then preserved the new retinal cells to store them long term theyll be frozen in a container filled with liquid nitrogen at a temperature of minus 140 degrees celcius. Each sample is scanned and labeled for each patient the container is in place in the stay. Cell bank. With 20000 samples so far and 15 different partners in industry in medicine this Stem Cell Bank is unique in europe its a promising project and researchers hope that it might one day provide new therapies for ai conditions that today are untraceable. Pivots of this therapy wont be available anytime soon. But we have been able to show that the therapy would work in principle cause now we all have to get through the approval process which is time consuming and involves a lot of regulatory steps lets us its a process that takes several years here in germany. The researchers have laid the groundwork for a revolutionary new therapy using reprogram stem cells to restore vision in a few years this might be a major advance in preventing a. M. T. Related blindness. At the medical university of vienna scientists are also staking out new territory. Therefore it is director of the department of the monetary and optometry which is investigating new diagnostic procedures for eye conditions. Thats algor is im friends our eyes are our window to the world answerphone but we can also look into the eyes into whats happening inside them organs and we can look into the clear cornea of the clear lens which we also call the clear media. Ophthalmologists can look inside the eyes and laser scanners can also make the surface of the retina visible. So far more. Large scanners can also peer into the retinas deepen liason create a highly detailed image with 40000 separates. Ganz the device can examine the retina in 3 d. Once the laser scanner creates an image of the patients i the High Resolution images are analyzed with the help of artificial intelligence. In all of the system this is a term or the computer basically works just like the human brain it learns and gathers experience and get smarter. And you can feed the computer an infinite quantity of data from an infinite number of patients and an infinite number of medical conditions and the system learns how to draw the correct conclusions everything schools for a government since in. Singapore novak suffers from age related Macular Degeneration this radio scan of her left eye was compared to the images of thousands of other patients in the database to detect cell changes. In flight be called off to the heart of the new diagnostic procedure identified tiny defects developing on her retina in time for them to be treated then does need to get a. And if that exam and the follow up treatment had been delayed rassmann like i probably would have lost the vision in my left eye often link now being blamed for. In the jungle of our tree i t. Experts to find chaining me algorithms will be used to generate an accurate diagnosis and devise personalized treatment regimens. The algorithm can analyze millions of pixels very quickly then it tells us whether their disease is progressing whether the Current Treatment is working or whether a new therapy might be more effective portico mst uses of integration just. The algorithms are so effective that the system will soon be used to diagnose other health conditions. Damage with we think that in the near future this system will allow us to reliably identify signs of cardiovascular disease at an early stage and help prevent heart attacks and high risk patients and. Now written a is like a window to our blood vessels tiny changes in our vascular system can be identified in our eyes fun earlier than elsewhere in the body one day i scan is might be used as a kind of Early Warning system. Current biggest is about to undergo surgery she suffers from cataracts the lenses of her eyes have grown and paid cash arrives gradually grow worse and can lead to blindness. This is normal vision and this is how conscience sees the world the condition has a major impact on her daily life for example she can no longer drive. To do that so by the stars at night look like little flowers for example they have a halo of little dots surrounding the house day. Catch rats grow more common as we age 90 percent of people over the age of 65 who develop cataracts other symptoms include difficulty with bright light and difficulty seen at night. Care and shields his vision has deteriorated to the point where shes decided to have surgery at the book i clinic. A preliminary exam will show how far the crash ranks are progressed and whether shes suffering from any other i disorders. 3 different tests carried out optician records the results. Im here before that this is the front surface of the cornea the back surface and its like miss heres the cornea the Anterior Chamber depth and the clouded lens and here we have key data about the cornea the. Critics were involved explains the procedure doctors still dont know exactly what causes cataracts they believe its part of the natural aging process which also effects our eyes. Who feel its wrong this is a routine procedure