Have something that has got viral it just very excited there antibodies vertebrates including humans have antibodies as part of the adaptive immune system. When were infected with the sars kovi to virus certain cells called antigen presenting cells identify the pathogen and then take in and display some of its proteins on their surface. That activates t. Help of cells which trigger various immune responses. For instance size or toxic t. Cells are deployed to kill infected cells. And lymphocytes are stimulated to produce antibodies which bind to the virus and prevent them from infecting further cells. And llamas they appear to have rather special kinds of antibodies. Dark eyes. Lash is to die for a crooked pair of ears and spindly legs this is winter shes just 4 years old but she already has plenty of confidence she knows shes got the stuff to save the world. Like the best the plan have to say she always put yourself forward its just her character. For me shes a diva an animal that makes it very clear that shes in charge especially when it comes to her food dont mess with me or. d d the young female llama was born in january 2016 hence the name winter d. Researchers they get university in belgium took her blood for research they found what they had hoped to find specific antibodies. Secret that. In their blood is the on their bodies that they make they are simple in makeup more simple than antibodies you find in your will and those more simple and about it youd have powerful. Possibilities to can be very specific they can also for example block fires for the efficiently. Together with his team of molecular biologists. And successfully managed to create a stable link between antibodies for mommas and humans theyre trying to prevent the human body from rejecting the cells the trick lies in the combination. So what the other bodies do from the lama is they bind despite. In such a way that the virus can no longer surprised to find it receptive to dock on ourselves but it can no longer do that in a way that its infectious so we prevent a virus from entering this way. For more than 30 years and has been researching viruses that affect the respiratory tract since the beginning of the cold in 1000 pandemic hes had very little sleep and he spent a lot of time in the lab with this 15 member team. The difficult part is to from a tiny little block to the lama to take out the cells which can produce the special antibodies and select the ones which are very efficient in blocking divide us. Following the lab tests the scientists want to conduct preclinical studies on hamsters before the end of the year there could be a human test as a basis for a pharmaceutical what we plan to do with our entire body from origin from the lama is to administer it so injected into people who are diagnosed with go with 19 so to prevent them from becoming sick or for the sick and also to try. To work. For a while in people who are exposed to the parties for example. If the antibodies could be industrially produced in large quantities they could be used to ensure widespread passive immunity in the population. Or my collaborators and once my colleagues have been working pretty hard they were driven by of course the pressure and the demands from the society and the curiosity also because this new virus. Is over and there will be from that always its really that good you just took one of the dogs who have to prove it you have to show when they next time while. The results are promising in a best Case Scenario the launch a drug could be available next year. Thats why winter is an absolute star among coronavirus researchers worldwide along with a wondrous animal. Goes from a very long it takes to. Its most important is that nature all creatures are shown respect. To learn to understand that nature can give us everything and winter is the best example of that. Before. And if the medicine actually works there sure to be an extra portion of grass for winter. The best thing of course would be to avoid contact with the virus in the 1st place. Scientists now know that it can be carried by so called. The corona virus seems to duck onto these miniscule airborne particles its a danger thats unseen aerosols always smaller than human head one experiment carried out in germany makes the danger visible. In this broadcasters studio in munich this is dangerous set for 2 experiments. And she doesnt conies go this far investigating that drug lots of noise or emitted from the mouth when a person sings they consist of large and small droplets the term parasol is mainly used for the smaller ones both kinds can carry the coronavirus. Different counties lucas is going to take a look at the larger droplets. To make them visible the singers will exhale them into a laser light sheens. Lets just use a laser even the particular everything that passes through the plane of the laser shes every visible including droplets from the scatters the light out of the laser beam high speed come up we can then use the high speed cameras weve set up perpendicular to the plane to capture and track the particles Movement Even on the particular. Now its time to investigate the smaller droplets the aerosols they can be made visible when the person inhales the carrier liquid from an insecure at and blows it out. The exhaled cloud is comprised of aerosol particles and is now visible as much demonstrates himself by singing oh out there singing speaking even just breathing now and expanding these 2 kinds of droplets when we talk the larger particles fall to the ground after about one and a half meters. But what about when we see. The much tiny particles behave differently theyre so light that they turned up in the air stream the researchers wanted to know if and how they do this when were singing to. As a boy he going to these particles go how do they spread out if i were infected what risk would i pose to the person next to me or indeed the audience those are the questions we want to answer here and ive been talking for. The preparations for the experiments are now complete. That meant staying 10 professional choir singers are invited to take part in 10 different tests in 2 different test rooms. For. Each. Im amazed by how far these gases that have been inhaled spread across the room but i did this is a moment but singing after inhaling the liquid is not without its complications. Theres. A lot. Of it i can sing an entire phrase with that stuff. After a couple over her cells its time for the main performance. I. Told. Him that just because for sure each of the black or white markings on the poles corresponds to 10 centimeters enabling the researches to measure the spread of the aerosol cloud after 2 days of huffing and puffing the experiments are over and another 2 weeks later the scientists are busy analyzing the results so how far do aerosols fly when were singing as if its the casting you have cast and where we can see the droplets radiating away from her skin tones and what all the space the aerosol cloud spreads to would normally be filmed by other singers and doesnt think its. Going to be toxic. Because you know its something neat and good stuff up to one measure. And if we now take a look at nikko. Rising from the 6660 centimeters in a lot of cases the emission was between one and one and a half meters. So for people singing in a choir a distance of one and a half meters is definitely too close quartz. In bavaria choirs are currently required to maintain a distance of 2 meters a time limit on rehearsals and regular airing so what do the 2 scientists recommend. Im going to be really on the safe side you have to repeatedly remove the aerosols to avoid a buildup of particles every time you sing so continuous ventilation would be the best option to continue to get them with that and 2 or 2 and a half leaders would be conceivable although that would be difficult for a lot of amateur choirs. They also analyze the side where dispersal of the aerosol cloud. At the center from the 50 or 60 centimeters far shorter than in the direction of singing them. Meaning that singer standing in front of each other need to be further away than those side by side once just the 2nd focus of the tests was to study the behavior of large droplets when singing consonants and vowels just could. Be. Singers have to stress their consonants heavily in order for the audience to understand the words. 0 if i articulate very clearly as you do on stage like with freud or should i go to. My particles might be flung further than when im talking normally the consonants are formed in the mouth often using the tongue or lips in the process the sound carries the moisture from the mouth as large droplets the laser light she tests conducted in darkened rooms are designed to find out how far they fly and much quantity. I find i loath. To do so. As a test completed thank you. The t. Has a relatively flat character recently and its been ok. The better because im because the valves we could hardly see any droplets flying out here and there for sure but in far lower numbers compared to the consequence. For the. Masks served to catch the droplets but is singing with one even feasible for a professional performer. As a mind if my gut feeling is no because singing is so emotional and if this is how well have to sing then ill look for a new profession. The tests did later confirm that the masks do catch the larger droplets expelled during singing some of these in the gulf as you can see in the sea however that the aerosols escaped through which tend to be on the side of the mask or around the nose and they did then spread pretty far through the room. The target the researchers still stressed that donning a mask helps to increase safety but the main thing is keeping a distance of 2 and a half meters to the singer in front and half a meter to the side the ideal solution is to install plexiglas shields and ensure adequate ventilation. Theres one place we human beings are probably safe from the coronavirus the International Space station. All astronauts have to go into quarantine before they launch that was the case even before covert 19. And all cargo that goes to the space station is festus infected. But out of the way dave might say i had a totally different question about the i assess. After so long in space why doesnt the i s s fall down to earth. Like most satellites the International Space station flies on an elliptical orbit 2 forces are in play for centrifugal force pushes it out from the earth and gravity pulls it closer the to cancel each other out and the space station stays on course. The balance of forces accounts for the weightlessness on this island out in space 400 kilometers above the earths surface. But the balance can. Be upset. At this altitude theres still a bit of atmosphere collisions with gas molecules slow the space station down. When that happens the force of gravity outweighs and the eye assess loses altitude. Particles rejected by the sun can all sleep indirectly disturb the equilibrium of forces and pull the i assess off course the more the station is slowed down the quicker it would sink towards the earth eventually breaking apart and burning up in the atmosphere just like the Russian Space station mir which in 2001 was brought down that way in a controlled procedure. Regular orbital corrections prevent that from happening. Thats why satellites are quipped with thrusters to regain lost altitude. The i assessed gets the necessary boost in part from the supply ships that regularly dock there. They maintain the stations course by firing their engines for a few minutes at a time. Since 2015 theres been a daily altitude loss of around 100 meters. Thats been balanced out with the help of the russian progress cargo craft in addition the i assess has its own control systems to keep it on track. And. If outlet is right why abbate button even. If you have a science question send it in as a video text ovoid now if we answer it on the show youll get a little surprise as a thank you. Come on just awesome. Youll find us at our web site t w dot com slash science or on to. The blueprint of life that determines so much about us including our physical appearance but does the presence of d. N. A. Reveal enough information about their skin and hair color to construct an image of an unknown individual. Scientists working on that right now with a view to helping solve crimes. Facial composites of criminal suspects are based on eyewitness descriptions but investigators are starting to other kinds of evidence to work out what a suspect looks like traces of blood saliva and hair that are often found at crime scenes. As a professor of molecular genetics he can tell whether a sample of comes from a man or a woman and can often determine the color of the hair skin and eyes of the person in question. Markers mean that certain dyes are stored in the iris or develop in their hair roots or influence the color of the skin. d and. Hair for example you can predict black hair very well ginger hair even better. Brown are trickier. What can tiny samples of genetic material reveal about chi and isabelle isnt it unnerving to think about that. Does feel strange that they can find out so much from one little drop of blood. For me its not a big deal i reveal a lot more about myself on social media. So is a single drop of blood. For professor schneider to compose an accurate picture of our 2 guinea pigs. We sent him the samples to analyze. In the late 1990 s. Germanys federal police set up a d. N. A. Database it now contains 360000 records and has already helped convict many criminals investigators compare d. N. A. Secured from crime scenes with the database. But a new method enables police to track down culprits via their physical appearance it has already helped solve a number of cases in the netherlands. In this case from 1902 the perpetrator attacked a young woman walking alone through a park. Her body was found the following morning. Found dorn was raped and murdered. The police appealed for assistance from local residents that nobody had seen either her or her killer. Mother police did secure semen they otherwise had little to go on the offender was not in any d. N. A. Database and there was no other way to identify any suspects the case remained unsolved for 25 years. Until molecular geneticist month and kinds of got on the case hes one of the scientists who developed the new method of d. N. A. Analysis which predicts certain visible characteristics as well as age and bio geographic ancestry. It looks at genes that are known to code for specific features. The results reveal the probability of a suspect having a particular hair or skin color. The geneticists. To stickle methods to compile a profile of the individual. Theyre aided by Reference Data from partners in other countries and can then look for d. N. A. Markers that tributed to populations and specific regions around the world. As mike fossum is fact like so basically you compare the d. N. A. Data of the unknown individual and use all the Reference Data for a joint Analysis Unit and start one shutdown and then you can see whether the unknown individual ends up in the data cloud for europe or africa or asia. In the case of milica fund or and the key was to associate predicting visible features of the suspect to a certain geographical region if i dont find it vas snitched or dusty. That one of them is if the d. N. A. Analysis said it was likely someone with turkish roots to it was an indigo and so on and. What the analysis suggested was that it was somebody with roots in a region that includes turkey. As well as a number of other countries nearby. All men with turkish roots who had lived in the same neighborhood as the victim at the time were asked to come for a d. N. A. Test one of them was a close match for the d. N. A. Found at the crime scene so a relative of the perpetrator. 2 men did not submit to a test one of them became the key suspect. The judge ruled he had to do a test. At 1st he refused but then he did a Perfect Match to the d. N. A. Found at the scene of the crime after a quarter of a century the murder case was solved the new method may be very promising but the analysis of biogeographical ancestry is not permitted in germany. Susan assurance is a sociologist and also works on ethical issues surrounding genetics d. N. A. Analysis and the storage of d. N. A. Data. One current one on a forensic genetics could also reveal susceptibility to certain diseases which would be of interest to Health Insurers and other parties but there is a right to confidentiality listen get critics also say police d. N. A. Databases can be abused to track down relatives of people in it in germany the police d. N. A. Database already covers close to one percent of the adult population. Back to the d. N. A. Samples of our test subjects kind isabel. Has managed to find out what they look like just from their d. N. A. Because wolf yes this subject number 4 is a male about 21 years of age his eye color is definitely blue. As to his hair color its probably brown his skin is light which is typical for a central european. So far so good but when the professor called the right shots with isabelle to. Visit was. An interesting subject this is a female we believe to be between 32 and 40 years old or she definitely has red hair. Theres also here the days are very clear on that and shes either lice or very light skinned and it was. Wrong but why. Isabel is not a typical case one of her parents is from norway the other from morocco. I wanted to get rich to. Merge roots in different places can lead to false results are we just as friends or not something we need to examine more closely. So the new method is not reliable more work needs to be done. Our little experiment suggests that the potential could be huge but for now d. N. A. Tests cannot be used to generate realistic facial composites. Thats all for this time from tomorrow today well be back next week with a whole new show until then stay safe and healthy. And cycle home from merica are. The fasting is great go slow. Dealers are up for a trendsetter at. The Roaring Twenties about reloading. Is fashion 2020 start on 21. 00. Coming up on t. W. Possibly. Most famous face in the world. Queen elizabeth. Her portrait has been painted countless times. Is there anything else to. Milly i missed the fact takes up the challenge. To say. 13 its. A duel with words. Where i come from we dont run away from a cold front aisha. When i was 5 years old my father took me to his friends and i was hooked on the spot. A sport that you learned soul enters your soul. Fencing as a language and a good source for it is a conversation. Must meet your opponent understand the thinking new of the men to get close otherwise you can score a hit. Its not unlike a tough interview really when interviewing politicians or corporate c. E. O. s you have to wait for the right moment just to get around that defensiveness then make your move the last thing. You have to take risks to get results. Ive got alphas and i work at v. W. Frankfurt. International gateway to the best Connection Software road and rail. Located in the heart of europe you are connected to the whole world. Experience outstanding shopping and dining offers and try our services. Be our guest at Frankfurt Airport managed by from bought. This is d w news and these are our top stories tens of thousands of people have joined fresh demonstrations in means against bella russian president Alexander Lukashenko heard theyre angry about a Brutal Police crackdown on peaceful protestors following just future to Election Results demonstrators have been joined by for