Early february a man tested positive for coverage 19 after disembarking from this ship the diamond princess the ship was quarantined immediately after arriving in japanese waters a few days later more than 3700. 00 passengers and crew members who were on board 700 people on board survived sickened with the virus for weeks the ship was the site of the largest outbreak outside china. 5 months later cruise Ship Operators are pushing to reopen but can they guarantee. Passenger safety during a global pandemic. Big question welcome to your coverage night in special on the news the monica jones and berlin as always so very good to have you with us and for millions of people cruise ships meant one thing the holiday of a lifetime that was before code 19 now operators want a fast reboot but after outbreaks like aboard the diamond princess then facility and wants to know if anyone will ever want to take a cruise again. Most of these big boats arent going anywhere i was never a fan 2016 was my 1st and last cruise i caught the number of virus i was sick as a dog ever since then ive kept my distance this is as close as ill get to the giants of the sea hamburg germany made port but i am one of the few despite Health Scares and sick to its huge Carbon Footprint business has been booming until the rotavirus. Now operators face billions in losses and lawsuits Health Experts say the ships helped spread the virus industry says it took extraordinary measures to limit outbreaks germanys attorney i had to call on australia for help when the virus broke out. The screws entertainer was trapped aboard and is critical about one thing she should have been called the ships dont have a party to carry out corona tests of the like you havent got has to be done on land and takes time. And the passengers want to take a cruise again one of you can find definitely guns were booked out our passengers all want to come back. For the next 2 years and im certain many many people will want to do the trip you know as in march and itd take a lot to convince me to set sail again but ive got nothing against this little guy had a robotic combo to hold my hand hes an expert in the field. Of cruise ships more susceptible to Something Like the. Rotavirus and other places have circled the yard because wherever you have the crowds of people 4000. 00 up to 6000. 00 plus there through the narrow area program to be mixed together the risk is there to basically these giants of the seas and something which have only just been finished but are they going to run at full capacity there was a very big demand and this was the reason why more and more trips of this all youth group being built they really caught everybody thought of the figure and that business could be good continue or in continuously and cold out they just dont fulfill some smaller expedition boats are now allowed back to sea but with only half the passengers and no stops along the way the big ones are still in dog. They look so loaded completely empty but bookings are already surging operators are offering big discounts and promises of a Gold Standard in Public Health some Analysts Expect another boom even bigger than before the crisis just dont count on making. Of a more im joined by professor alexis puppetland assays hes the chairman of the truce Research Society and codirector of the institute for maritime tourism as brave a half from university of applied sciences now that out of the way good to have you with us 1st question simply has to be would you board a cruise ship right now or me personally i would probably do this. For research for. All right as you probably would way a mask and not look for fun but the problem is why did cruise ships get caught up in this pandemic in the 1st place more so than aviation other modes of transport what went wrong. Well i think theres a degree its very easy to trace back lets say a coral outbreak or an order on a ship rather than an airplane as simply because you know in an airplane people go in and out and its very difficult respect where he came from plus Cruise Companies for deployed in asia and where they had the outbreak started and therefore the noose and i think this is basically what happened i dont think that variation is less risky that crucial that but as i mentioned its very very difficult to trace back to where the people got it if it shows up in a cruise the north was on a cruise. Or it doesnt really matter where there was a cruise but the cruise gets targeted for but that its of and there are very difficult to perspective and of course on a cruise ship you spend so much more time so if theres a case to take to it then you get stuck with it id of course you mentioned risk i mean the typical cruise ship client is middle aged older and knowing that this is the High Risk Group what advice do you give them. Well at this point of time with the hordes normally the average age for cruiser is around 47 so i think there is a big span of what we call middle age but we are talking about people high risk people people that have previous illnesses. Who at this point fires them to will turn the cruise in the same way i would advise them to restrict their traveling as much as possible. So what you say that those cruise Ship Operators have learnt their lesson to make it safe. Well i dont its not like theyve been trying to keep it safe and they had outbreaks in the past. The big issue is how do you do not deal with a crisis when such occurs. And communication has been a big war plus im afraid theyre currently trying to to really stock up as quickly as possible this is the forward whereas i think this should be read trying to read carefully redesign test and trade the personal form for the new situation because if something goes wrong in the Current Situation is going to escalate in the media and the industry cannot afford more negative press than they already have indeed so i think its crossed hopefully itll all work out all right alexis at papa tenaces from the institute for maritime tourism and primakov we thank you so much for your time and to stay healthy. Thank you very much the same to you. And now for the last time this week weve got our science correspondent Derek Williams answering your questions and this week he wanted to know about t. Cell immunity. What is currently known about t. Cell immunity the immune system is quite complex when the body is infected with a virus that mounts an immune response in it what are called antigen presenting cells in just proteins from the virus and display them on their surface this activates t. Helper cells which initiate a host of immune functions one is to help activate what are known as site a toxic or killer t. Cells to destroy cells in the body that are already infected and they also stimulate socalled b. Cells to produce antibodies that bind to the virus the antibodies prevent a virus from infecting other cells and tag it for elimination and antibody levels are what we focus on but we think about how long immunity lasts but but what are called memory t. And b. Cells also play big roles and immune systems long term remembrance of specific pathogens and Quick Response if youre infected again research into and debate on t. Cell immunity is ongoing but it appears that even in recovered covert 9000 patients whose antibody levels later drop on t. Cells continue to provide some protection against getting the disease again the big question is how much protection. If you catch a bad cold and then catch coven 19 a few weeks later with the symptoms be milder. Great question impossible to say at this point but one. Sublimation for why were seeing what looks like preexisting in nudity in some people might be down to protein structures in source code to that it shares in common with corona viruses that cause colds and whether or not they can help at least some immune systems recognize code 19 and get a head start on fighting it off although were still trying to pin down exactly what role t. Cells might play in of unity a recent very small scale study looking at the dynamics of immune response notice something very interesting in the control group of unexposed test subjects 2 in 10 people actually responded to sars co 2 proteins thats an indicator that there could indeed be at least some weak overlap in terms of a new response if youve recently had a cold and then get over it 19 but but thats still a really big made. Derek williams there and of course hell be back next week so you can post your questions to him on our you tube channel keep those questions coming if youd like to keep up with the latest developments on the coronavirus subscribe to a newsletter go to d. W. Dot com slash corona dash use letter. Before we go we want to end this week with a look at whether world stands in the fight against the pandemic data from 209. 00 countries and territories tell us that more than half of those Countries Worldwide are reporting more cold 9000. 00 cases than they did just last week and while less than a 3rd were able to claim their infection rates were forming 15 ive no infections at all taking a look at the numbers week by week sure we can see that the number of countries free from the corona virus shown here in blue continues to be on the retreat meaning the virus keeps spreading. And thats not in special on d. W. Of course you can find more analysis and updates on the pandemic on our website that is t w dot com slash coronavirus for me the team thanks for watching. The people make. It go on for some time to. Join them as they set out to save the environment learn from one another. Together or. Maybe come through all for tuning in africa. Next on w. 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