Harmful is noise to our health and what kind of effects can it have. A sinking city bangkok is desperate for solutions to its flood problem. Traffic jams and backed up street could be a thing of the past with self driving cars. With a computer at the helm they could smooth the traffic flow by up to 30 percent but he was officially Intelligence Systems know whats going on around them. The also official Intelligence Systems that drive Autonomous Vehicles have to interpret what computer scientists call optical flight. Patterns of light in official scene to identify objects in that. Actuarys its crucial the optical flow systems get it right all the time. So do they. Thats what 3 researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in typically and germany want to determine. This system represents the movement of an object in different colors in different degrees of brightness depending on the perceived direction and the speed its going in. Your cars moving to the right then and then your optical is going look like yellow in the color map and the fosters move the brighter the colors so if its moving right at a really high speed that you see like a bright yellow thing and then if its moving slowly then its more towards the light so we have like a color wheel representation which sort of like shows the corresponding so the lawsuit is itself like happened in the video and objects move. It on a rock run john thats one way the optical fly our it represents that in yellow. If you go the other way it times papel. The Computer Vision system also predicts the 5 amusement of objects its identified is the color of the head still moving forward or is it slowing to a stop thats key to preventing collisions for example. And it has to do all this super fast. To the computer every image is a fresh image its like it seeing the world every 30 times a 2nd brand new an optical flow is what connects things across time and allows the computer to have a consistent representation of the world much more like we do. Testing ai systems involves trying to trip them up the Research Just havent succeeded at least with the one theyve been working with certain patterns with certain colors which time both humans play havoc with this optical flow algorithm. The researchers have identified several such patterns but this one has the biggest negative effect. With emotions. Sparrows. If they cover the pattern up things go back to normal. There uncover the pattern and the ai is confused again the colors are not what they should be. This is them can type densify objects or track their movements any more. Extent just a problem surprised us we werent surprised that there was interference theyd already been research that identified problems with whats worrying is that such a small patch relative to such a large field of vision can have such an impact the sun shone. A patch or pattern like not only needs to occupy one percent of the visual field to mess up the processing of a full half the field. There are people learning matters which can work in rain or it can work and in like foggy climate and stuff but 1st we can find certain noise patterns like this with tourists can be a lot worse for these you know. The scientists who designed the troubling patterns they didnt just crop up what that means is that malign hackers could probably also create disruptive patterns and cause havoc on the ropes once Autonomous Vehicles as a ping around free make there may be a bit of a war going on between people trying to attack and people trying to produce robust systems this is exactly what we see also with any kind of Security Software you know hackers find a loophole in some operating system they inform the manufacturer of the new defenses are made and then you know its an evolving system. The point of this kind of research is to develop optimal and optimally secure ai systems for self driving vehicles the hope is that they will eventually prove safer than cars driven by fallible humans. If the Driverless Cars of the future are electric theyll produce fewer emissions and that includes emissions of noise. But were not there yet traffic still creates a lot of noise especially in cities and less isnt just annoying in the long term it can even make us sick. Even when noise doesnt pose a direct threat to our body responds as if it does. The adrenal glands release stress hormones part of the bodys fight or flight response. Our heart beats faster and our Blood Pressure rises. Glucose in fact the acid reserves a pumped into the blood to supply additional energy. The immune and digestive systems are weakened. Over time this physiological response can even make you sick it can lead to high Blood Pressure type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol and that in turn can lead to cardiovascular disease or even a heart attack. According to the World Health Organization or w h o one in 5 people in europe are regularly exposed to high levels of noise there isnt as much data about the rest of the world but the problem is certainly not just the european one. But at what point does sound become bothersome noise or even Noise Pollution thats what research. Is at the Technical University of dresden in germany want to find out. Badge on out and so i has created a set up that mimics the experience of traveling by automobile. Hes investigating how we hear and perceive different sounds. The Acoustics Lab is completely soundproofed even the floor is insulated against noise the researches have to walk on a net that keeps the reflection of sound waves in this room to an absolute minimum so sounds can be measured with great precision the researches know that certain sound qualities bother us more than others. And higher frequencies always draw our attention and that makes the more problematic temporal variations are also an issue we tend to be very sensitive to sounds that arent constant but very. So if a sound or source of noise is highly variable like the sound of a train that passes every 15 minutes that tends to bother us much more than a continuous noise problem out into the. Sound is measured as a sound pressure level expressed in decibel zz the higher the pressure caused by a sound wave the louder the sound a sound wave at 90 decibel is enough to blow out a candle. A loud speaker also generate sound waves an increase of 10 decibels causes us to perceive a sound as twice as loud 10 decibels less half as loud. The sound pressure level isnt the only deciding factor frequency the number of cycles of a sound wave in one second is also an issue. With humans tend to be more sensitive to sound at higher frequencies especially in a 1. 00 to 5. 00 kilohertz range. Thats why there are different ways to express the sound pressure levels. D. B. A. Level is weighted to approximate the way the human ear hears we tend to perceive sound in easily or double frequencies as the most bothersome. The World Health Organizations european guidelines recommend that traffic noise levels shouldnt exceed an average of 53. 00 decibel zz over 24 hours at night it should remain below 45. 00 decibels according to recent findings many places in europe exceed those guidelines. For courts and it is estimated that about 4 percent of all cases of coronary Heart Disease and that means above all heart attacks are due to traffic noise. So within the European Union about 50000. 00 fatal heart attacks per year can be attributed to traffic noise. So its high time for new legislation to limit Noise Pollution. Whats your vision of the future we asked you on facebook which questions you think science should answer by 2050. Rolls things the thing to solve is how to increase human lifespan while maintaining good health. 90 i would like to know the answer to more philosophical questions is our soul eternal and is death the end of our existence. Gobby and is concerned about how we can transit more quickly turn veyron mentally Friendly Energy sources. Also has an ecological concern he says that water is likely to be an expensive resource in 2050 and so we need low tech ways of producing fresh water so that people wont lack it. Thanks for your comments. Water shortage is a serious threat to future life on. Our planet is heating up and dry seasons are lasting longer and longer. In. The United Nations predict that 135000000 people could be displaced by 2045 because of a lack of water at home. Engineers from munich have an idea that they think might help. This is a big moment for aqua hara the. Islet plant is receiving its 1st supply of salt the start up wants to make fresh water for regions where its scarce engineer and physicist Philip Plunkett will be using the salt solution to extract water from the air there weve got our new salt into the unit and are keen to see how much water our evaporative can produce weve tested it in the lab now its for real. The new process could bring much needed Drinking Water to the worlds arid regions. Engineer spend hasnain is helping to test the pilot unit in germany the basic principle behind extracting water from air is a simple one. A concentrated salt solution absorbs moster from the surrounding air the resulting more tight loop solution is then heated using solar energy to evaporate the water in that water vapor then condenses yielding distilled water the salt solution is also used as a coolant during the condensation phase. This eliminates the need for a separate cooling system and helps reduce costs. Has applied for a patent for this invention. On top of the container is the absorber unit it brings the salt solution into contact with the air. And. You can hear the Salt Solutions being talked into the young and then it flows down through this corrugated cardboard or. When you have an idea on how to improve the process and reduce costs it makes you happy as an engineer and entrepreneur. That awful. Next the fan in the absorber unit is switched on. As are you you can feel hear how the fan is pulling edge into the unit. The system is powered by the sun one square meter of solar panels yields around 3 liters of Drinking Water a day. Systems are designed to be installed on rooftops no cost about 1600. 00 euros for a 4 person household. As in the Business Aspect isnt our primary goal we wanted to invent a system to provide water in arab regions using more people that have a lot of namely the sun. The basic concept is a solid one but some of the details have still to be worked out. During the test phase the system needs to be optimized to extract as much water from the air as possible. A number of glitches keep cropping up and. This will be a recurring problem is that bubbles start to form as the water heats up that introduces an end to the pump and then we have to turn off the unit. Ok extract now the water levels rising again great it worked we were able to remove the bubbles and keep the system running thats good. Ultimately we want to automate the process there were a lot of. Before the testing continues philip for plan to have an appointment with a visitor from a variant center for innovation and technology transfer. Over meyer focuses on Energy Technology we ask him what he thinks of aqua harris invention. Its neighbors and it is an Interesting Technology with a lot of potential thats not likely to do any direct harm to the environment but it will affect the microclimate its the same with any technologies take cars for example from a system might work in isolation but when you have a 100000 of them the impact is different this will see when its implemented scene thats i guess its. Her its test phase here in germany will last for 6 weeks then the unit will be shipped to morocco there it will be set up at an orphanage near marrakech to be tested under realistic conditions. This winter so were looking forward to seeing how much water we can extract that we need 23 percent humidity in the ethanol system to work because germany we have 4050 or 60 percent humidity so not realistic conditions in morocco will have the real thing itll be interesting to see what happens with your session on. Aqua harris test unit produces distilled water. Its free of impurities but that doesnt mean its ready to drink quite yet. Up ourself we know the water needs minerals but that easy to act by sending the water through a mineral cartridge then you can drink it or not one come and this one about there. Is an essential life force but too much of it is also dangerous floods and storm surges are among the consequences of Climate Change its. Temperature rises by 2 degrees celsius 360000000 people could be affected by floods. Rising sea levels are a threat to asias large coastal cities mega cities that are home to millions. This is a buddhist temple one of many across thailand. What sets what can somewhat chin apart is that its now out at sea the coastline has receded a kilometer over the past half century. He added some look at the pioneer takes us on a tour. There used to be a school over there where the water tank is now on but everybody looked at nobody thought about prevention or solution. The erosion of the land has a number of causes human activity storms and the rising sea level the other tells us theyre experiencing Climate Change directly here and hes amazed by the indifference he encounters or die nobody shows any interest when we talk about it people just carry on as if it were business as usual even when i tell them about Global Warming nobody cares. Theyre. Just 20 kilometers from the coast is the thai capital bangkok built on marshy ground in the delta of the child prior river 14000000 people live in the metropolitan region much of the land is just a metre and a half above sea level. Climate change scenarios for c. The gulf of thailand being hard hit under an optimistic scenario the sea level could rise 3 meters over the next 3 centuries. In the worst case it could rise 7 metres. So does bangkok have a future persistent extensive flooding is already a problem and its set to get worse fast. The city has been the countrys capital since the late 18th century but theres talk about moving it geologist tunnel while their opponents are called has been tracking coastal erosion for decades nor is it shows us photos of what can somewhat chin temple taken in 1974 when it was still on dry land. Which is a 1000000 People Living near the coast are under imminent threat yet. If you ever think youre about to protect the ethic of that in a way. That runs foolish you have to think about to adapt. He says planting mangroves along the coast would help combat erosion but what about bangkok itself. People will still be able to live there but they will have to change their way of life there will be more rain and floods and nightmarish traffic if we just carry on the same way but i dont expect bangkok to just sink into the sea like the temple. Currently the sea level is rising half a centimeter a year. And the city is sinking 2 centimeters a year. Bangkok used to be called the venice of the east because it was crisscrossed by lots of canals but many of them were filled in as the city grew. The sunset canals still runs through the center of the city. The remaining canals helped drain the area but theyre often overwhelmed. In 2011 floods devastated much of thailand parts of bangkok were under water for 2 months. But your mayor the city has flood barriers pumps and drainage tunnels and work is underway to improve the Flood Control systems. Were going to continue to have this under control and we already have the technology to monitor the Situation Technology will advance and well still be on top of things our 150 years from now. At the temple in the sea the monks have to enter via a window the floor of the prayer room has been raised. Despite the trying to dish and this but some look at it on you is determined to stay. If i leave there will be nobody left who remembers what happened. What erosion has done here. Or. People in bangkok just dont care anyway. He says the temple should serve as a warning to all but we must treat nature with respect. Mangrove forests could provide some protection to bangkoks coastline. And planting more trees in general is good for the climate because the Greenhouse Gases from the atmosphere but they only have a limited capacity. If youre in algeria has been thinking about the alternatives and sent in a question. Could artificial trees help mitigate Climate Change. Real trees on important ally in the fight against Climate Change they slow down Global Warming by absorbing climate killing c o 2 through the natural process of photosynthesis c o 2 is used to produce glucose and oxygen. Researchers in switzerland calculated that 900000000 hectares of additional forest could absorb 2. Of the c o 2 generated by human activity that could help limit Global Warming to 1. 5 degree celsius. But critics say its unrealistic to plant a forest on an area about the size of the united states. And existing forests will need to be preserved instead theyre being destroyed for example to make room for agriculture. Some Scientists Say that one day artificial trees might absorb up to 1000 times more c o 2 than their natural counterparts they wouldnt even need to look like natural trees. Fans like these could suck c o 2 out of the air using special filters but the world would be 250000. 00 of these systems to remove just one percent of the worlds c o 2. Then the Carbon Dioxide would need to be stored underground because the artificial trees dont convert the c o 2 into oxygen like natural trees can. So replanting forests is necessary in any case what. But artificial trees might one day do their part in mitigating Climate Change. If outlet is right why ave but even if it. Did you have a science question that youve always wanted oncet were happy to help out and send it to us as a video text over a smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. Do you find us at d w dot com slash science or top of the line at d w underscore site tech on facebook t. W. Dot science. Next time. Its all about men what keeps them healthy. And its also about sex what does spam actually do join us next week when we put men under the microscope but i. Dont. Think. It. Does for us to make how great. What we think in some decisions. Does healthy food make us smart. Were beginning to realize the importance that while we leave that influencing whats going on a. Better. System. W. Orld. Are they friends she wanted to be with you mention the interest youre going to do or do you wish it wasnt really a bullfight among the Publisher News media or are they enemies with the interest of the mission of the d. C. U. In the building was she wished you google it may have been is usually what hes going to be going to give me if i never work for raja donald trump and flooding your pretty were 2 part documentary allies is the difficult relationship between russia and the us and between their president s how does their rivalry and their dangerous mutual admiration affect the rest of the world to some beliefs trump and putin starts august 3rd on d w. How does a virus spread. Why do we panic and when will all this. If you just 3 of the topics covered and the weekly radio show is called spectrum if you like and the information on the clone of virus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcasts you can also find us at dean dot com and slash science. We know that this is a scary time for the coronavirus is changing the world changing. So please take care of yourself good distance wash your hands if you can stay at how we do w. For here for you we are working tirelessly to keep you informed on all of our platforms were all in this to get on together and were making sure you stay safe everybody. Stay safe stay safe and increase its face it. Folks. This is news live from berlin 25 years on from europes worst atrocity since the 2nd world war. Thousands of Bosnian Muslims were killed in the. In this on this day in 1905 the world remembers the victims also coming up. Roger stone walks free us president
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