The mom sponsors very the biggest mobile phones are very in a world. System ultimately some stores will work on some more than 3 meter. Were going to make more money there she got to be. Among the water became whole back was 5 meter water. In recent years the global Sea Level Rise has been accelerating this marks the beginning of a trend that could dramatically change much of the worlds coastlines. Maybe it is of Sea Level Rise what does the worst Case Scenario look like. That is dealt. Storm conditions things if they get it wrong the cost could be immense the loss is. Just too close to. How much time do we have left to find a solution. That will be places we wont be able to say much because how can we protect ourselves against this rising danger. Not ensure us all out of see the. Close call but is a prominent physicist who studies the risks associated with rising sea levels his research could help prevent billions of dollars worth of damage in new york city one of the worlds most vulnerable cities. Around the thing you have to solve. Some scientists here in new york got together and they have realized that we have to really raise the Public Awareness of the risks that are coming our way. We chose they should have a 100 year storm coming into the city on the computer model any help the 1st results that they called us and said you have a problem look at this more they got. This it loops. This is hes a killer his heel is that its main artery silicates it underground and. We found out to our surprise that it takes only about 40 minutes for the. Subway system to fly. For a decade the simulation devised by klaus yakov and his colleagues remains little more than scientific speculation. 2012 Hurricane Sandy showed that the apocalyptic scenario modeled by the scientists was uncomfortably close to reality. Take a look at the water that it is in new york city sandy killed 44 people 100000 homes were flooded and millions of residents were left without electricity for weeks the damage to the city was estimated at 19000000000. 00 the city was up to its neck in water. Until recently such extreme weather was regarded as a once in a century of event but that has changed. Believes that even a slight rise in sea levels could trigger a significant rise in flooding. Yeah so why yourself as much as 90. 3 me those are your eyes by the end of the century and thats extremely scary. Around the World Population growth and urbanization in coastal regions is outstripping demographic developments further inland yet coastal populations are far more vulnerable to the impact of rising sea levels there are 136 coastal cities with people. The population of birds so those cities with about 400000000 people about 14000000 of those people actually live in the coastal flood playing with current see the bulls. In many places coastlines have been fairly stable and coastal flooding largely limited to storm surges which are around the world. Extreme water levels are recovering with growing frequency scientists believe this is the 1st phase in a long term process which is also gaining momentum. To go off to tom and then lets me what weve seen along germanys coast over the last few decades is that extreme water levels have been rising more quickly than the Mean Sea Level. Scientists are investigating what rising sea levels would mean for the impact of waves of the coastlines. Soon could down and off simulates east changes in a way for tank as a wave travels from deep to Shallow Water which is met by a rising sea bed the friction dissipates the energy of the wave and it breaks normally that happens before it reaches the coast. And also before then i mean an increase in sea levels would mean that many waves that now break long before the dike would instead approach the dike with a far greater mass of water of course. Those waves would put more pressure on the dike and possibly wash over a loss from shastri and indigestion over bush here and can. Highest sea levels amplify the power of waves the waves break later and hit the coast with far greater force. Even a modest rise in water levels can have a dramatic impact on a wave power. Thats. Today here the sea level and here comes a storm along so it floods everything that this elevation or below but now we have. Sea level here so we need only a smaller storm to flood the same area or we get the same storm its much higher. An average Sea Level Rise of just a few decimeters a few tens of centimeters could make once in a century flood events become commonplace in relatively low lying coastal cities like new york the critical point to be reached at about a one meter rise in sea level is. The big apple submerged is this just a scenario out of the Science Fiction film or is it a preview of all future. On a geological time scale the last extreme rise in sea levels happened just a fraction of a 2nd ago but stone age humans were already living in settled communities archaeologists have found traces of abandoned settlements at the bottom of the baltic sea along the coast of present day gemini. The archaeological remnants discovered taya were abandoned some 7000 years ago the settlement was on the banks of a huge freshwater lake at the end of the last ice age sea levels began to rise a channel of water from the north sea swept over a land bridge washing away the prehistoric settlement but its traces remained. Before we found the items have a depth of almost 2 metres this is an x. Made from antlers. Dust and these are typical tools used by hunter gatherers who lived here they caught fish and hunted seals. The people who lived in the stone age settlements were forced to retreat from the rising sea. Absent still around 6500 b. C. E. The sea level was around minus 20 meters from the end of your problem over the next 2000 years it rose by 20 meters. Sponsors the entire later basin was transformed into a marine marginal seniors from the. Fish bones found in the area around researches to estimate how quickly the freshwater lake was consumed by the baltic sea within just a few centuries freshwater fish were replaced by salt water species the landscape had been flooded by the encroaching sea water. The size 35th dimension People Living here would have observed the rising sea levels and understood that the sea was creeping closer and claiming more and more land is that. The threat of being displaced by rising sea levels is something people in europe have not faced for several 1000 years thats too to an unusual period of stability which began after the last ice age. So 20000 years ago sea there was about minus 120 meters below todays values and then as the world war sea levels rose about for me to per century sometimes a bit faster but thats the average rate in the capital going all the way up until about 7000 years ago when sea levels then were constant and that is the period when civilizations have moved. Around the world over thousands of years a coastal infrastructure has taken shape cities were built right by the sea and opportunities for trade business in prospect. Flourished there would have this was dependent on the comparative stability of sea levels. Human civilization is very much product of stable sea levels. Or systems of thinking also truth is a constant. Mean sea level is a day too so it starts to change that makes what we do about it start to get messed up so. We are moving into a new epoch where were going to have to change some of our thinking. So when did this new park begin satellites began tracking sea levels only a few decades ago to more fully map this trend oceanographers and could down and off embarked on a search for old data. As merely the 1st sea level measurements dates back to the 17th century and. Since the mid 1800 there have been around 70 or 80 tide gauges around the world that allow us to assess the change in sea levels. One is these cages is on heligoland off the northern coast of gemini since 885. 00 the tide gauge there has been taking continuous measurements that wealth of data is held in a special archive in the town of turning in nose in germany. 2 for research as such tropes of data are of the only way to determine whether the recent rise in Mean Sea Levels is simply a natural fluctuation all part of a longer term trend that data is clear means sea levels have been rising since the 19th century and more recently the pace has changed. So i knew this point in sea level started rising more quickly at the end of the 19th century. And then surely by around the one millimeter per year. After the 960. 00 s. And seventys that trend accelerated reaching the current 3 millimeters per year i mean to meet up with. I. Mean sea levels have risen by almost 20 centimeters into the time of the 20th century. But that is a global mean which can vary widely from region to region in new york city for example sea levels rose 30 centimeters during that same time frame. In. Many miranshah remember the sea levels do not rise evenly like when i feel this paddling pool. Water masses are distributed around the world by ocean circulation winds blow the water from one side to another and redistribute it as a result the sea levels rise on one side but are lower on the other the miracle should be up there on them so that the ocean currents and wind pushed masses of water against the coasts causing variations in sea levels and the earth itself is also moving under our feet some coastlines are rising while others a sinking new york city for example is located in an area that sinking that contributes another one millimeter a year to the rise in sea levels in sweden meanwhile the landmass is rising by almost one centimeter per year. On all of these processes mean that regional sea levels can differ significantly from the global mean operation from. That its the global Mean Sea Level that forms the Reference Point to assess the changes across time and place. And as live a man studies the impact of Climate Change on the worlds oceans hes a coauthor of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or i. P. C. C. Reports the Gold Standard survey of Climate Science issued every 5 years. Weve only recently begun projecting the rise in sea levels. A long time we couldnt say how much it was increasing by. Predicting sea levels is one of the key challenges facing scientists today projections a few chip Global Warming have grown increasingly sophisticated but when it comes to sea levels this kind of modeling is still in its infancy for towns and cities on the coasts reliable predictions are a matter of 5 klim potence in the next in the last report was the 1st to include projections for the rising sea levels expert we said we cant provide a worst Case Scenario only the most likely scenario which leaves a lot of scope for uncertainty just. One of the factors explaining the rise in sea levels is comparatively easy to quantify water expands as it warms a process called thermal expansion the 2nd factor could soon become the driving force the loss of ice. For researches melting ice is a confounding factor as more ice melts they have to revise their projections upwards the i. P. C. C. Is most pessimistic estimate predicts a rise of 110. 00 centimeters by the end of the century but even that projection has been called into doubt. The reasons in the we dont really know what the worst Case Scenario might look like a tsunami all seen that. Happen. Most people dont realize. The laws the characters. Journey. So if you look at hiring a new port to make honey mass similar to most mass what youll see has we start off by in the middle lower the sides and the honey from the middle is falling to the edges so that the honey in the middle is deforming under what we call a gravitational driving stress and the honey is trying to float. The ice is flow velocity will decide the fate of the ice sheet covering greenland the more that velocity increases the more of greenlands ice mass will be lost to the ocean. Greenlands ice cap is gigantic. Taken together it encompasses about 2700000 gigatons of ice until 1990 the ice mass was fairly stable. But in the past 20 years greenland has lost an average of 266. 00 gigatons of ice a year contributing to a rise of 0. 7 millimeters per year before the ice were to melt sea levels would rise by more than 7 meters. William colgan is on the ground tracking developments in greenland if enough snow were to fall further inland losing so much ice to the sea would not be such a problem. If. That is the author. That is healthy starfish if. Greenland has the worlds 2nd largest ice sheet half a century ago measurements taken by scientists in the northwest of the country showed that fresh snow kept adding new layers none of it melted. To assess whether that is changed in recent decades William Colgan and his colleagues are extracting ice cause any changes could have a profound impact on greenlands ice cap the team examines the cause for any signs of dense ice which could only be due to melted snow. The most powerful influence for finding from the ice cores is that when we look at them today we see every year the snow is interrupted by this hard 3rd layer where the snow has melted and weve frozen this hard clear ice. About 25 percent of the fresh snow that had been replenishing the ice for thousands of years is now melting that could set off a feedback loop that would threaten a key aspect of the ice sheet its thickness. So you picture the ice sheet sort of the rest of the ground from here she has this shape hypocenter flow at the sides so as the. Begins to melt. It gets slower and as it gets slower its moving dale into warmer layers of the atmosphere theres cold high or low and you get this feedback because the farther the lower the ice melts to the lower elevation the. The more melts and the more melts lower the columns and you get this feedback. Such feedback loops make it difficult for scientists to make accurate projections the heights of the ice sheets is just one factor im not that its come up. If we think about like this is the issue is surface. Really why so its relatively refractor generally. About 80 percent of the sunshine that hits the snow surface. But through a variety process as the surface becomes darker as the snow angels grows the surface becomes darker. And you go from a surface that used to reflect 80 percent of the sunlight to one that might only reflect now 40 percent of the sunlight and this becomes a feedback because the more sunlight that absorbs the warmer becomes the darker color so the darker warmer darker warmer darker warmer creates this positive feedback we call the video feedback. Asked scientists discover more about the feedback loops that affect the ice they have to widen the parameters of their food costs. But coastal towns and cities need reliable predictions to prepare for rising sea levels. Things easy if they get it wrong if they miscalculate the future rising sea levels and underestimate the risk of flooding and the cost could be immense. For the city of venice the accuracy of the. Projections as a matter of vital importance parts of the city are less than one meter above the water and as the pace of the Sea Level Rise continues to accelerate flooding has grown more common and venice every centimeter counts. In this moment for the next century that means has a solution. In the 1st warning came in 1906 when floodwaters reached a height of nearly 2 meters. Scientists calculated that an extreme event like this would happen only once every 200 years and in venice still decided to take precautions. And. Deal surratt hes drew up a plan that would close off the lagoon in an emergency and the massive flood barrier was called the movie project. And. Most consists of 78 movable gates fixed to the lagoon floor when a high tide. Comes compressed air raises the floodgates. And the city is separated from the sea construction work began in 2003 and still isnt complete but theres a catch might not be high enough to be. Mentioned this system considering the i. P. C. C. Scenarios. And. Late ninetys and we have to consider the worst scenarios 60 centimeters of Sea Level Rise in the next century. And under current projections the sea level is expected to rise more than a meter in this century them smooth. The 5 and a half 1000000000 euro moser project could handle. If. There will be 2 meters of see their eyes will have to. Have to know Something Else not all even is the entire coleslaw in that a meter in the mediterranean. The latest i. P. C. C. Report says this worst Case Scenario is unlikely but not impossible but to meet a rise in sea levels by 2100 cannot be ruled out if Greenhouse Gas emissions are not slashed. If that happens up to 200000000 people could be displaced. Until recently we had no idea that such a swift rise was possible. But now a group of scientists have challenge this is sumption sea levels can change in dynamic fashion at times it can be very sudden. Antarctica and greenland have enough frozen water to raise sea levels by 66 meters. No stimulus really fast the Sea Level Rise after the last ice age took place between 14814400 years ago so if you over 400 years global sea levels rose by approximately 60 meters thats 4 meters percent true and incredibly fast increases in the gun to know the engine. For a long time scientists believed that the Antarctic Ice sheet is more stable than greenlands they thought antarctica was just a slumbering giant that occasionally discharged an iceberg into the sea. Sea currents carried the icebergs along the same bridge through what is called the iceberg alley towards chile as they approach warmer waters they melt. That patton gave polish scientist mike veba an idea if he could count how many icebergs had traveled through this alley in the past he could calculate how much ice antarctica stands to lose. The the how to find a key to unlock the past a past thats not to weigh at the bottom of the Antarctic Ocean at the depths of more than 3000 meters. Icebergs contain debris as they melt this rock and soil fulls to the seabed and forms a layer of sediment the daybreak can be measured in core samples extracted from the sediment that allows scientists to calculate the number of icebergs that have traveled in on the particular everett. Close to these niklaus and we dated the biggest event to 14600 years ago that was a period when sea levels rose by 16 meters in about 400 years. The settlement caused tell the story. During certain phases the slumbering giants can awaken and the rate of ice loss can soar. In the can and we hear we can see phases like here where theres very little sediment and here these are stable phases in the ice sheet they occur in both cold and warm periods but during what is called the glaciation there are phases where there is quite a bit of ice rafting this debris carried by ice thats this period 14 and a half 1000 years ago. The drill cores show that sea levels do not always rise to slow and steady rate they have been dynamic faces in the past and we now at the beginning of such a phase whats happening in the antarctic has scientists worried in just 6 years the ice loss doubled. The ice in the antarctic contains enough water to raise sea levels by 58 meets has the ice shifts outwards towards the sea but is held back by anchor points the passive the glaciated that floats on the sea the ice shelf acts as a down if water temperatures rise by just half a degree celsius the underside of the shelf melts and the tip breaks away then the anchor points rupture and the ice on the continent begins to shift. Does i once thats happened things progress very quickly theres no build up with nothing moves and then suddenly everything moves in 10 years its all gone this is fresh when the. West antarctica is especially vulnerable and components are breaking off its an increasing pace huge blocks of ice regularly sheer away from the ice shelves these floating places dont directly affect sea levels but the loss of these anchors is causing ice in the end to lose its grip. Mentioning the matter from all since we humans always believe we can take action and change whats happening but this is like watching a bullet in slow motion and once the bullet has been fired it keeps moving until it hits something theres no way of reversing it escaped other kind as a but once this process is underway its irreversible over many centuries off if you. Did you get it there i mean. Theres this legend of atlantis a mythical sunken city allowed. Some people believe that atlantis might have been in indonesia. Thats what i believe to you know it. Kerrianne j. S. Is a geologist at the university of banda on the nose and coast of the island of java hes studying a rise in sea levels far outstrips the global mean. According to his calculations the water in some coastal locations like here in pick up along then is rising by more than 20 centimeters a year. Thats more than global Mean Sea Levels rose during the entire 20th century. Local residents have been raising their homes and the roads every 5 years by a full meter people who cant afford to raise their homes have to abandon them and move inland to. People who have just a little money managed to raise just the floors of their homes but that creates its own problems. This local resident tells Harry Andreas that hes lived here all his life or more so yeah. Hes had to raise the floor of his house 3 times already due to flooding. It into the floor of his house is slowly approaching the ceiling plants. Down. To a much lower over time the interior of this house will get lower and lower until it becomes impossible to stand up straight to the view that a whole lot of support. For years scientists struggled to explain why indonesias sea levels are rising so quickly the global mean is currently just over 3 millimeters per year in this part of Southeast Asia however sea levels can rise up to 8 millimeters per year. Winds and sea currents play a role since they push large masses of water up against the coast. But that can explain only a fraction of what people here in indonesia dealing with another factor has to be involved and to the surprise of many. Has nothing to do with the see. From all. The unit in the news and there were people and weve installed a number of gauges here in indonesia all these models have been in operation since 2000. And 12th marking they relay their data on an hourly basis back to our colleagues in potsdam germany and to our indonesian partners and the data shows that the entire country is sinking by 11 centimeters every year if indeed made on. The measuring water levels was not enough to solve the mystery as it turned out monitoring changes to the land was also necessary that showed that the sea level was also rising because the land mass is sinking a phenomenon called subsidence. The dense is live on ice in the foreign substance means the sinking of land and normally refers to coastal regions every house built here has a well beneath it to access the groundwater as will blame is done that becomes a problem because this water is missing from the subsoil a sand that is collected in the river deltas against a compressor and as the volume of the sand decreases the land begins to subside. And. In the summer of 2019 the indonesian government announced plans to move the official capital from jakarta to Higher Ground for coastal engineers to khartoum as an example of what could happen if sea levels rise drastically. So all 3 actually see here is 0 high the water level actually is because of the subsiding as all this land in comparison with their surrounding infrastructure. Their real roads is almost passing municipality through the water it has been raised with almost 70 centimeters several years ago but you cannot continue to raise this kind of railroad several meters because a train cannot climb would need to actually a lot of distance to climb and to go down. Around the world Coastal Protection specialists from the netherlands there are from. Called in for advice they are masters in flood control. Their counterparts in indonesia also looking for answers and sometimes running out if a solution is not found quickly North Jakarta could soon be submerged. That would threaten the livelihoods of millions of people and have a profound impact on the stability of the entire country. What we see here is the call to protect to die its improved the flood safety for your car for the next 10 or 20 years great and. If these walls fail then you have to walk to the water would flow in. And it would. Go come in several kilometers into your part of. The speed at which the carter is vanishing under water should serve as a wake up call for the rest of the world Climate Change is not the only cause of these problems but it is exacerbating them as an unprecedented pace. Around the world societies will be forced to adapt. To. New york city has also been working on plans for a flood Defense System and the project has sparked fierce debate and one issue is critics point out is that the planned barrier would primarily benefit manhattan home to the citys financial district well thats a 10. 00 to 20000000000. 00 project. And guess who doesnt protect it protects wall street largely and yes a few 100000 people left and have then of course the Printing Industry loves to be protected. Everybody else would love to be protected too so does wall street get priority over the rockaways bore portions of oakland and queens there are a lot of poor people left. I could into i. P. C. C. Estimates by 2051 1000000000 people will be living in low lying coastal areas. Amending the starter sinister coastal and flood protection always involves a cost benefit analysis. And if rising sea levels continually drive up costs well have to ask ourselves whether its worth protecting specific regions or whether we should let them go it is a good beat off. Robert nichols is a leading expert in a new field of research how communities and societies can adapt to rising sea levels in. His native britain has already come to a difficult conclusion some coastal communities will have to be abandoned as it will be too expensive to protect them. Based on their season short motion plans for 500 kilometers of defenses are expected to be abandoned for the cob emotionally from 50 to 100 years and that really needs in places people communities having to be relocated inland. Those are the boats here a really low tide because im on the south coast of england will experience more flooding in the future the only long Term Solution seems to be abandoning the village. Communities with more resources will be in a better position to protect. Themselves and to relocate if need be. People in poorer communities will be hardest hit by rising sea levels. Unlike britain in germany there are no plans for communities to prove themselves coastal preservation is anchored in the countrys constitution so all 3700 kilometers of coastline around to protection in northern germany 3000000 people are potentially at risk from rising sea levels. Your highness is in charge of Coastal Management in the state of she has been charged im. Done exe in this region are supposed to last until the sentrys and that means taking into account a very uncertain future. For but the best thing we can do to prepare is to cover a wide range of possible developments and sea levels seem. That include sea levels that are far higher than what is currently projected. In the German Coastal engineers and planners have made a virtue of necessity theyve designed a dike that could withstand even the i. P. C. C. S worst Case Scenario and if need be the dike could even be razed a huge dike like this takes a lot of space fortunately thats in ample supply here. The dike were standing on can withstand a 50 centimeter Sea Level Rise over the next 100 years or today if the increase is more than 50 centimeters its future generations would be able to add a cap on the diet you are on a couple of suits and. That would allow it to withstand up to another one and a half meters of water. But with that extra cap be enough. How long will such protective measures be effective. Are they not just prolonging the inevitable. And. I think adaptation in many ways is always about bowling told no adaptation to last for ever so you build a wall in 50 years and your children will have to make a decision do they rebuild the wall or do they maybe give up all of the law but that would seem to flood. The. Projections for rising sea levels usually end of the year 2100 and so do the protective measures based on them anything beyond that is too uncertain. But the oceans have no regard for human timescales they will continue to rise past the turn of the century and transform the map of the world as we know it. If no measures are taken entire cities will have to be abandoned the coming generations would have no choice but to accommodate to this new reality. You know those who leave you just as we remember the ancient greeks for the concept of democracy 2000 years from now will be remembered as the people who caused rising sea levels in military and triples i know its the face of the ice sheets in greenland and antarctica lice in our hands. Global warming has already set our planet on a destructive course. This year but its not the one thing we can affect now is the pace of change and where it ends if we dont protect the climate if we dont change course it isnt we could see temperatures rise by 5 degrees celsius by the end of the century and sea levels would rise even more a few more than 10 meters you know. The plague and covert 19 the passion play and obama girl its told the story of christ suffering for almost 400 years the 1st staging was intended to stop the plague and other performances followed every 10 years but the pandemic has a foot in this years event on ice. In 30 minutes on d w. R r. Armstrong really walk on the moon. Isnt the earth really flies how strong. Does the government use planes to. Conspiracy theories spread like wildfire on the internet. On the part of small groups who shout louder than us postal system profit from a lack of interest among reasonable. In the conspiracy theories can provide comfort you dont like reality create another good. Film about knowledge and belief trust and deception democracy of the gullible starts july 1st on d w. Common. This is the w. News from berlin the wave of protests reaches brazil there were protests against Racial Injustice in several cities bus people also protested the policies of president. Our supporters for the real calling for even more problems. Elsewhere in the world at large crowds take to the street for another day of demonstrations over the death of george floyd protesters gathered outside the u. S. Embassy in london and are calling for an