The story of the mom storms are very the biggest mobile storms are in the world. The system ultimately stores because if the water comes up more than 3 meters to go before were going to be part of leadership going to be a. Commercial among the water because opec has 5 meters of water. In recent years the global Sea Level Rise has been accelerating this marks the beginning of a trend that could dramatically change much of the worlds coastlines. Maybe the meters of Sea Level Rise what does the worst Case Scenario look like. That is delta still. Condition things if they get it wrong the cost could be a mess. Just to please you to see. How much time do we have left to find a solution. That will be places we wont be able to say if you can how can we protect ourselves against this rising danger. Not engineer ill sail out of Sea Level Rise. Klaus iacob is a prominent physicist who studies the risks associated with rising sea levels his research could help prevent billions of dollars worth of damage in new york city one of the worlds midst vulnerable cities. Around the new year 2 cells. Some scientists here in the uk got together and they have realized that we have to really raise the Public Awareness of the risks that are coming our way. And we chose a 100 year storm coming into the city on the computer model any help the 1st results that they called us and said you have a problem look at this what they got. They said oops. This is hes a killer as hell is that its main artery said located underground and. We found out through a surprise that it takes only about 40 minutes for the sump. System to flood. For a decade the simulation devised by klaus iacob and his colleagues remains little more than scientific speculation. And 2012 Hurricane Sandy showed that the apocalyptic scenario modeled by the scientists was uncomfortably close to reality. Take a look at the water actually just in new york city sandy killed 44 people 100000 homes were flooded and millions of residents were left without electricity for weeks the damage to the city was estimated at 19000000000. 00 the city was up to its neck in water. Until recently such extreme weather was regarded as a once in a century of event but that has changed. Klaus iacob believes that even a slight rise in sea levels could trigger a significant rise in flooding. Yeah so why yourself for as much as 9 feet 3 me those of your eyes by the end of the century and theyre extremists. Around the World Population growth and urbanization in coastal regions is outstripping demographic developments further inland yet coastal populations are far more vulnerable to the impact of rising sea levels there are 136 coastal cities with people. The population of that so those cities with about 400000000 people about 14000000 of those people actually live in the coastal flood playing with current see their bills. In many places coastlines have been fairly stable and coastal flooding largely limited to storm surges but around the world. Stream water levels are recovering with growing frequency scientists believe this is the 1st phase in our long term process which is also gaining momentum. To tom and then lets see what we see on long journeys coast over the last few decades is that extreme water levels have been rising more quickly than the Mean Sea Level. Scientists are investigating what rising sea levels would mean for the impact of waves on the coastlines. Soon could down and off simulates these changes in a wave tank as a wave travels from deep to Shallow Water it is met by a rising sea bed the friction dissipates the energy of the wave and it breaks normally that happens before it reaches the coast. That almost before. An increase in sea levels would mean that many waves that now break long before the dike would instead approach the dike with a far greater mass of water of course. Those waves would put more pressure on the dyke and possibly wash over a strange castrating device over bush here and can. Highest sea levels amplify the power of waves the waves break later and hit the coast with far greater force. Even a modest rise in water levels can have a dramatic impact on a wave power. Lets assume today here of the sea level and here comes a storm along so. Flood to everything that this elevation or below but now we have. Sea level here so we need only a smaller storm to flood the same area or we get the same storm its much. An average Sea Level Rise of just a few decimeters a few tens of centimeters could make once in a century flood events become commonplace in relatively low lying coastal cities like new york the critical point to be reached at about a one me to rise in sea level is. The big apple submerged is this just a scenario out of the Science Fiction film or is it a preview of all future. On a geological time scale the last extreme rise in sea levels happened just a fraction of a 2nd ago but stone age humans were already living in settled communities archaeologists have found traces of abandoned settlements at the bottom of the baltic sea along the coast of present day gemini. The archaeological remnants discovered taylor abandoned some 7000 years ago the settlement was on the banks of a huge freshwater lake at the end of the last ice age sea levels began to rise a channel of water from the north sea swept over a land bridge washing away the prehistoric settlement but its traces remained. Before we found the items have a depth of almost 2 metres but this is an axe made from antlers. Dust and these are typical tools used by hunter gatherers who lived here they caught fish and hunted seals. The people who lived in the stone age settlements were forced to retreat from the rising sea. Bed for up 6 to around 6500 b. C. E. The sea level was around minus 20 meters from the vehicle over the next 2000 years it rose by 20 meters. Sponsored the entire league base and was transformed into a marine marginal seat in this one year. Fish bones found in the area allowed researches to estimate how quickly the freshwater lake was consumed by the baltic sea within just a few centuries freshwater fish were replaced by salt water species the landscape had been flooded by the encroaching sea water. Thus i started to mention People Living here would have observed the rising sea levels and understood what the sea was creeping closer and claiming more and more land as the birds. The threat of being displaced by rising sea levels is something people in europe have not faced for several 1000 years thats too to an unusual period of stability which began after the last ice age. So 20000 years ago see that was about minus 120 meters below todays values but then as the world war sea levels rose about the me to per century sometimes a bit faster but thats the average rate and they kept will go in all the way up until about 7000 years ago when sea levels then were constant and that is the period when civilizations of moved. Around the world over thousands of years a coastal infrastructure has taken shape cities were built right by the sea and opportunities for trade business and prosper. Flourished there would have this was dependent on the comparative stability of sea levels. Human civilization is very much a product of stable sea levels and systems of thinking also truth seen as a constant you see that all Mean Sea Level is a day too so if it starts to change that makes what we do about start to get messed up so. Were moving into a new epoch where were going to have to change the law thinking. So when did this new park begin satellites began tracking sea levels only a few decades ago to more fully map this trend oceanographers and could down and off embarked on a search for old data. Yesterday. The 1st sea level measurements dates back to the 17th century and. Since the mid 800 there have been around 70 or 80 tie gauges around the world that allow us to assess the change in sea levels not seen. One is these gauges is on the helicarrier land off the northern coast of gemini since 885. 00 the tide gauge there has been taking continuous measurements that wealth of data is held in a special archive in the town of turning in nose in germany. For research as such troves of data are the only way to determine whether the recent rise in Mean Sea Levels is simply and natural fluctuation all part of a longer term trend the data is clear i Mean Sea Levels have been rising since the 19th century and more recently the pace has changed. So any response in sea level started rising more quickly at the end of the 19th century. Initially by around one millimeter per year. After the 1960 s. And seventys so that trend accelerated reaching the current 3 millimeters per year i mean we meet up with oil. I. Mean sea levels have risen by almost 20 centimeters since the turn of the 20th century. But that is a global mean which can vary widely from region to region. In new york city for example sea levels rose 30 centimeters during that same time frame. An email on strident times the sea levels are not rising evenly like when i fill this paddling pool whats your answer water masses are distributed around the world by ocean circulation your limbs blow the water from one side to another and redistribute it as a result sea levels rise on one side but are lower on the other the miracle should be up there on number of the ocean currents and wind pushed masses of water against the coasts causing variations in sea levels and the earth itself is also moving under our feet some coastlines are rising while others a sinking new york city for example is located in an area that sinking that contributes another one millimeter a year to the rise in sea levels in sweden meanwhile the landmass is rising by almost one centimeter per year. And i have all of these processes mean that regional sea levels can differ significantly from the global mean up by income. But its the global Mean Sea Level that forms the Reference Point to assess the changes across time and place. And does leave a man studies the impact of Climate Change on the worlds oceans he said coauthor of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or i. P. C. C. Reports the Gold Standard survey of Climate Science issued every 5 years. Weve only recently begun projecting the rise in sea levels. A long time we couldnt say how much it was increasing by. Predicting sea levels is one of the key challenges facing scientists today projections of future Global Warming have grown increasingly sophisticated but when it comes to sea levels this kind of modeling is still in its infancy for towns and cities on the coasts reliable predictions are a matter of final importance in the next in the last record was the 1st to include projections for the rising sea levels expert we said we cant provide a worst Case Scenario only the most likely scenario which leaves a lot of scope for uncertainty just. One of the factors explaining the rise in sea levels is comparatively easy to quantify water expands as it warms a process called thermal expansion the 2nd factor could soon become the driving force the loss of ice. For a search is melting ice is a confounding factor as more ice melts they have to revise their projections upwards the i. P. C. C. Is most pessimistic estimate critics a rise of 110. 00 centimeters by the end of the century but even that projection has been called into doubt. We dont really know what the worst Case Scenario might look like this and that we all sin that. Most people dont realize we are. All of the laws of. Funny. So if you look at hiring a new port to make body mass similar to most mass. What youll see because we start off high in the middle lower the sides and the honey from the middle is flowing to the edges so that honey in the middle is deforming under what we call a gravitational driving stress and the honey is trying to float. On the ice is flow velocity will decide the fate of the ice sheet covering greenland the more that velocity increases the more of greenlands ice mass will be lost to the ocean. Greenlands ice cap is gigantic. Taken together it encompasses about 2700000 gigatons of ice until 1990 the ice mass was fairly stable. It was in the past 20 years greenland has lost an average of 266. 00 gigatons of ice a year contributing to a rise of 0. 7 millimeters per year if all the ice were to melt sea levels would rise by more than 7 meters. William colgan is on the ground tracking developments in greenland if enough snow were to fall further inland losing so much ice to the sea would not be such a problem. If. That is also our. Health storage emission of. Greenland has the worlds 2nd largest ice sheet half a century ago measurements taken by scientists in the northwest of the country showed that fresh snow kept adding new layers none of it melted. To assess whether that has changed in recent decades William Colgan and his cause. Or extracting ice cause any changes could have a profound impact on Greenland Ice cap the team examines the cause for any signs of dense ice which could only be due to melted snow. The most powerful influence for finding from the ice cores is that when we look at them today we see every year the snow is interrupted by this hard thick layer of snow as melting refrozen this hard clear ice. About 25 percent of the fresh snow that had been replenishing the ice for thousands of years is now melting that could set off a feedback loop that would threaten a key aspect of the ice sheet its thickness. So you picture the ice sheet sort of and this is the ground and there she has the shape its high the center low at the sides so as the. Begins to melt. It gets slower and as it gets slower its moving dail into warmer layers of the atmosphere the atmosphere is called high or low and you get this feedback because if the farther the lower the ice melts or the lower elevation there is problems the more melts the more melts lower the columns and you get this feedback. Such feedback loops make it difficult for scientists to make accurate projections the heights of the ice sheet is just one factor im not that its come up. If we think about like this is the surface. Really white so its relatively refractor generally. About 80 percent of the sunshine that hits the snow surface. But through a variety of processes as the surface becomes darker as the snow angels and grows the surface becomes darker. Then you go from a surface that used to reflect 80 percent of the sunlight to one that might only reflect now 40 percent of the sunlight and this becomes a feedback because the more sunlight that absorbs the warmer becomes in the darker the color so the darker warmer dark a warmer darker warmer creates this positive feedback we call the feedback loop. And scientists discover more about the feedback loops that effect the ice they have to widen the parameters of their food costs. But coastal towns and cities need reliable predictions to prepare them for rising sea levels. Things easy if they get it wrong if they miscalculate the future rising sea levels and underestimate the risk of flooding and the cost could be immense. For this venice the accuracy of the. Projections as a matter of feith all important parts of the city are less than one meter above the water and thats the pace of the Sea Level Rise continues to accelerate flooding has grown more common and venice every centimeter counts. In this moment for the next century then is has a solution. The 1st warning came in 1906 when floodwaters reached a height of nearly 2 meters. Scientists calculated that an extreme event like this would happen only once every 200 years. In venice still decided to take precautions and. Drew up a plan that would close off the lagoon in an emergency the massive flood barrier was called the movie project. And. Most consists of 78 movable gates fixed to the lagoon floor when a high tide the aqua comes compressed air raises the floodgates the lagoon and the city is separated from the sea construction work began in 2003 and still isnt complete but theres a catch might not be high enough. I mentioned this system considering the i. P. C. C. Scenarios. In. Late ninetys and we have to consider their worst scenarios 60 centimeters of Sea Level Rise in the next century. And under current projections the sea level is expected to rise more than a meter in this century. The 5 and a half 1000000000 euro moser project could handle. If. There will be 2 meters of Sea Level Rise will have to. Have to do something theres one not all even is the entire coleslaw in the in the meter in the mediterranean. The latest i. P. C. C. Report says this worst Case Scenario is unlikely but not impossible but to meet a rise in sea levels by 2100 cannot be ruled out if Greenhouse Gas emissions are not slashed. If that happens up to 200000000 people could be displaced. Until recently we had no idea that such a swift rise was possible. But now a group of scientists have challenge this assumption sea levels can change in dynamic fashion at times it can be very sudden. Antarctica and greenland have enough frozen water to raise sea levels by 66 meters. Stimulus really fast this Sea Level Rise after the last ice age took place between 14814400 years ago a few over 400 years global sea levels rose by approximately 60 meters thats 4 meters percent true and incredibly fast increases in the known. For a long time scientists believed that the Antarctic Ice sheet is more stable than greenlands they thought antarctica was just a slumber in giant that occasionally discharged an iceberg into the sea. Sea currents carried the icebergs along the same route through what is called the iceberg alley towards chile as they approach warmer waters they melt. That patton gave polish scientist mike an idea if he could count how many icebergs have traveled through this alley in the past he could calculate how much ice antarctica stands to lives. Veba how to find a key to unlock the past a past thats not too way at the bottom of the Antarctic Ocean and the depths of more than 3000 meters. Icebergs contain debris as they melt this rock and soil fulls to the seabed and forms a layer of sediment the daybreak can be measured in core samples extracted from the sediment that allows scientists to calculate the number of icebergs that have traveled along the particular every. Oyster fundies niklaus and we dated the biggest event to 14600 years ago that was a period when sea levels rose by 60 meters in about 400 years under 15 is. The settlement cause tell the story. During certain phases the slumbering giant can awaken and the rates of ice loss can saw one can fall from the can and here we can see phases like here where theres very little sediment and stuff and here these are stable phases in the ice sheet they occur in both cold and warm periods but during what is called the glaciation there are phases where theres quite a bit of ice rafting theres debris carried by ice thats this period 14 and a half 1000 years ago in the fall that the drill calls show that sea levels do not always rise at a slow and steady rate there have been dynamic phases in the past are we now at the beginning of such a phase whats happening in the antarctic has scientists worried in just 6 years the ice loss doubled. The ice in the antarctic contains enough water to raise sea levels by 58 meets has the ice shifts outwards towards the sea but is held back by anchor points the pounce of the glazier that floats on the sea the ice shelf acts as a down if water temperatures rise by just half a degree celsius the underside of the shelf melts and the tip breaks away then the anchor points rupture and the ice on the continent begins to shift. Does i once thats happened things progress very quickly theres no build up with nothing moves and then suddenly everything moves in 10 years its all gone astray in the. West antarctica is especially vulnerable and co points of breaking off its an increasing pace huge blocks of ice regularly share away from the ice shelves these floating places dont directly affect sea levels but the notice of these anchors is causing ice in the end to lose its grip. Mentioning the matter from also when humans always believe we can take action and change whats happening but this is like watching a bullet in slow motion and once the bullet has been fired it keeps moving until it hits something theres no way of reversing it escaped other kind as a but once this process is underway its irreversible over many centuries or feel. I. Didnt do any. Theres this legend of atlantis the mythical sunken city allowed. Some people believe that atlantis might have been in indonesia. Thats what i believe to. Carrie andrus is a geologist at the university of banda on the nose and coast of the island of java hes studying a rise in sea levels that far outstrips the global mean. According to his calculations the water in some coastal locations like here in pick a long gun is rising by more than 20 centimeters a year. Thats more than global Mean Sea Levels rose during the entire 20th century. Local residents have been raising their homes and the roads every 5 years by a full meter. People who cant afford to raise their homes have to abandon them and move inland to. People who have just a little money managed to raise just the floors of their homes but that creates its own problems. This local resident tells Harry Andreas that hes lived here all his life for what i yeah. Yeah. Hes had to raise the floor of his house 3 times already due to flooding. And the floor of his house is slowly approaching the ceiling. Hes. Down. Over time the interior of this house will get lower and lower until it becomes impossible to stand up straight he did a whole lot of work. For years scientists to explain why indonesias sea levels are rising so quickly the global mean is currently just over 3 millimeters per year in this part of Southeast Asia however sea levels can rise up to 8 millimeters per year. Winds and sea currents play a role since they push large masses of water up against the coast. That can explain only a fraction of what people here in indonesia dealing with another factor has to be involved and to the surprise of many the onside has nothing to do with the sea. Here and in the news in the eye of the people weve installed a number of gauges here in indonesia these models have been in operation since 2012 they relay their data on an hourly basis back to our colleagues in potsdam germany and to our indonesian partners and the data shows that the entire country is sinking by a levon centimeters every year its in the middle. Measuring water levels was not enough to solve the mystery as it turned out monitoring changes to the land was also necessary that showed that the sea level was also rising because the land mass is sinking a phenomenon called subsidence. Incidents this dive on ice in foreign substance means the sinking of land and normally refers to coastal regions every house built here has a well beneath it to access the groundwater thats what name is done that becomes a problem because this water is missing from the subsoil a sand that is collected in the river deltas begins to compress and as the volume of the sand decreases the land begins to subside think thats land. In the summer of 2019 the indonesian government announced plans to move the official capital from jakarta to Higher Ground for coastal engineers to carter as an example of what could happen if sea levels rise drastically. So what we actually see here is a hollow hideaway. At a level actually because of the ship sightings of this flare and in comparison with their surrounding infrastructure. Their real road is almost passing a supporting through the water it has been raised with almost 70 centimeters several years ago but you cannot continue to raise this kind of railroad for several meters because a train cannot climb it needs to actually a lot of distance to climb and to go down. Around the world Coastal Protection specialists from the netherlands are often called in for advice they are masters in flood control. Their counterparts in indonesia also looking for answers and time is running out if a solution is not found quickly North Jakarta could soon be submerged. That would threaten the life of the hoods of millions of people and have a profound impact on the stability of the entire country. What we see here is the culture the protection dike to improve the flood safety for your car for the next 10 or 20 years maybe. Give these walls fail then you want to see water would flow in. And it would. Go kamin several kilometers into jakarta for. The speed at which the carter is vanishing underwater should serve as a wake up call for the rest of the world Climate Change is not the only course of these problems but it is exacerbating them as an unprecedented pace. Around the world societies will be forced to adapt. To. New york city has also been working on plans for a flood Defense System the project to spark fierce debate one issue is critics point out is that the plans barrier would primarily benefit manhattan home to the citys financial district well thats a 10. 00 to 20000000000. 00 project. And guess who doesnt protect it protects wall street largely and yes a few 100000 people left and. Then of course the Banking Industry loves to be protected. But i think body belts would love to be protected too so thats wall street get priority over the rockaways bore portions of queens there are a lot of poor people left. I could into i. P. C. C. Estimates by 2051 1000000000 people will be living in low lying coastal areas. Amended the starter says the coastal and flood protection always involves a cost benefit analysis which to me if rising sea levels continually drive up costs will have to ask ourselves whether its worth protecting specific regions or whether we should let them go it is a good bit off you. Robert nichols is a leading expert in a new field of research how communities and societies can adapt to rising sea levels in. His native britain has already come to a difficult conclusion some coastal communities will have to be abandoned as it will be too expensive to protect them. Based on their season short motion plans for 500 kilometers of the fences are expected to be abandoned over the coming through from 50 to 100 meters and that really need some places people communities having to be relocated inland. Those are the boats on the roof and no time to eat them on the south coast of england will experience more flooding in the future the only long Term Solution seems to be abandoning the village. Communities with more resources will be in a better position to protect. Themselves and to relocate if need be. People in poorer communities will be hardest hit by rising sea levels. Unlike britain in germany there are no plans for communities to operate themselves coastal preservation is anchored in the countrys constitution so all 3700 kilometers of coastline are under protection in northern germany 3000000 people are potentially at risk from rising sea levels. Your highness is in charge of Coastal Management in the state of she has been charged im. Done exe in this region are supposed to last until the sentrys and that means taking into account a very uncertain future. For the best thing we can do to prepare is to cover a wide range of possible developments and sea levels up seem. That include sea levels that are far higher than what is currently projected. German coastal engineers and planners have made a virtue of necessity theyve designed a dike that could withstand even the i. P. C. C. Is worst Case Scenario and if need be the dike could even be raised a huge dike like this takes a lot of space fortunately thats in ample supply here and i dont think me achiness it out the dike were standing on can withstand a 50 centimeters Sea Level Rise over the next 100 years or today if the increase is more than 50 centimeters its future generations would be able to add a cap on the diet you are on a couple of sets and. That would allow it to withstand up to another one and a half meters of water. But with that extra cap be enough. How long will such protective measures be effective. They not just prolonging the inevitable. I think adaptation in many ways is always about bowling tolly no adaptation to last for ever so you build a wall in 50 years and your children will have to make a decision do they rebuild the wall or do they maybe give up on the wall but that the city flood. Projections for rising sea levels usually end the year 2100 and so do the protective measures based on them anything beyond that is too uncertain. But the oceans have no regard for human timescales they will continue to rise past the turn of the century and transform the map of the world as we know it. Will if no measures are taken entire cities will have to be abandoned the coming generations would have no choice but to accommodate to this new reality. You know those who leave you just as we remember the ancient greeks for the concept of democracy 2000 years from now well be remembered as the people who caused rising sea levels in middle school and she pulls up its the face of the ice sheets in greenland and antarctica lies in our hands. Global warming has already set our planet on a destructive course. This year but its not the one thing we can affect now is the pace of change and where it ends if we dont protect the climate if we dont change course as we could see temperatures rise by 5 degrees celsius by the end of the century and sea levels would rise even more a few more than 10 meters. Morning and. Terror cina a popular coastal vacation city in italy. 2 2 but how are things there this year a good hotel and Restaurant Owners are concerned the corona restrictions have led to fewer guests and higher costs its not the only place on the Italian Riviera thats facing challenges meaning simply stunning. 30 minutes of detox. Education is not only fought and glamour and education is fought and palmer im saw that in coming 1015 years the one of the think about how true in culture devalues off color and. Usually understanding these things cannot be ignored for ever because the fundamentalist forces and the fanatic closes are also acting very deeply and intensely and they cannot undermine their power the power of communication their power of technology ordinary people must not modernise support them must not socialism or that the International Community has to invest more on the education which can prevent young people to enter into that type of file and if it forces. This is coming to you live from berlin mourners gather at an emotional Memorial Service in minneapolis for george for. Lunch