Transcripts For DW 66 Meters 20240712

Out on sponsors very the biggest movie stars are very in a world. System ultimately some stars go to work on some more than 3 meter circle were going to be part of it there are going to be brought to. The maximum among the water because opec has 5 meters of water. In recent years the global Sea Level Rise has been accelerating this marks the beginning of a trend that could dramatically change much of the worlds most times. Maybe because of Sea Level Rise what does the worst Case Scenario look like. It is still to storm conditions and if they get it wrong the cost could be a mess most of. All these are just pleased to see. How much time do we have left to find a solution. That will be places we wont be able to say if you can how can we protect ourselves against this rising danger. And sail out of sea level. Klaus yacht club is a prominent physicist who studies the risks associated with rising sea levels his research could help prevent billions of dollars worth of damage in new york city one of the worlds most vulnerable cities. Around the other 2 cells. Some scientists here in new york got together and they have realized that we have to really raise the Public Awareness of the risks that are coming our way. We chose a 100 the a storm coming into the city on the computer was a model any help the 1st results that they called us and said you have a problem look at this what they got. And they said hoops. This is hes a killer as hell is that its main artery silicate it underground. We found out to our surprise that he takes only about 40 minutes for the subway system to fly. For a decade the simulation devised by klaus iacob and his colleagues remains little more than scientific speculation. 2012 Hurricane Sandy showed that the apocalyptic scenario modeled by the scientists was uncomfortably close to reality. Take a look at the water actually just in new york city sandy killed 44 people 100000 homes were flooded and millions of residents were left without electricity for weeks the damage to the city was estimated at 19000000000. 00 the city was up to its neck in water. Until recently such extreme weather was regarded as a once in a century a vent but that has changed. Council believes that even a slight rise in sea levels could trigger a significant rise in flooding. Said well yourself for as much as 9 feet 3 me those of your eyes by the end of the century and thats extremely scary. Around the worlds population growth and urbanization in coastal regions is outstripping demographic developments further inland yet coastal populations are far more vulnerable to the impact of rising sea levels there are 136 coastal cities with the people World Population of them so those cities with about 400000000 people about 14000000 of those people actually live in the coastal flood playing with current see their bills. In many places coastlines have been fairly stable and coastal flooding largely limited to storm surges but around the world extreme water levels are recovering with growing frequency scientists believe this is the 1st phase in our long term process which is also gaining momentum. To go off to them and then lets see what weve seen along germanys coast over the last few decades is that extreme water levels have been rising more quickly than the Mean Sea Level. Scientists are investigating what rising sea levels would mean for the impact of waves of the coastlines. Soon could down and off simulate seas changes in a wave tank as a wave travels from deep to Shallow Water it is met by a rising sea bed the friction dissipates the energy of the wave and it breaks normally that happens before it reaches the coast. There also before then i mean an increase in sea levels would mean that many waves that now break long before the guy would instead approach the dike with a far greater mass of water of course. Those waves would put more pressure on the dike and possibly wash over a lasting shastri and indict all the bushmen can. Highest sea levels find the power of waves the waves break later and hit the coast with far greater force. Even a modest rising water levels can have a dramatic impact on a wave power. Today here the sea level and here comes a storm along so it floods everything that this elevation or below but now we have. Sea level here so we need only a smaller storm to flood the same area or we get the same storm its much higher. Than average Sea Level Rise of just a few decimeters a few tens of centimeters could make once in a century flood events become commonplace in relatively low lying coastal cities like new york the critical point to be reached at about a one meter rise in sea levels. Move. The big apple submerged is this just a scenario out of the Science Fiction film or is it a preview of all future. On a geological time scale the last extreme rise in sea levels happened just a fraction of a 2nd ago but stone age humans were already living in settled communities archeologists found traces of abandoned settlements at the bottom of the baltic sea along the coast of present day gemini. The archaeological remnants discovered taylor abandoned some 7000 years ago the settlement was on the banks of a huge freshwater lake at the end of the last ice age sea levels began to rise a channel of water from the north sea swept over a land bridge washing away the prehistoric settlement but its traces remained. Before we found the item said the death of almost 2 metres but this is an axe made from employers. Doesnt these are typical tools used by hunter gatherers who lived here they caught fish and hunted seals in new york. The people who lived in these stone age settlements were forced to retreat from the rising sea. Bed for up 6 to around 6500 b. C. E. The sea level was around minus 20 meters from the end of your cold over the next 2000 years it rose by 20 meters. Sponsored the entire legal base and was transformed into a marine marginal seat in this one year. Fish bones found in the area around researches to estimate how quickly the freshwater lake was consumed by the baltic sea within just a few centuries freshwater fish were replaced by salt water species the landscape had been flooded by the encroaching sea water. The size and if the many People Living here would have observed the rising sea levels and understood what the sea was creeping closer and claiming more and more land of the birds. The threat of being displaced by rising sea levels is something people in europe have not faced for several 1000 years thats too to an unusual period of stability which began after the last ice age. So 20000 years ago see there was about minus 120 meters below todays values but then as the world war sea levels rose about the me to per cent true sometimes a bit faster but thats the average rate and they kept all going all the way up until about 7000 years ago when sea levels then were constant and that is the period when civilizations of. Around the world over thousands of years a coastal infrastructure has taken shape cities were built right by the sea and opportunities for trade business in prospect. Flourished there all of this was dependent on the comparative stability of sea levels. Human civilization is very much a product of stable sea levels and often just think it also treats as a constant you see that Mean Sea Level is a day too so if it starts to change that makes what we do about start to get messed up so. Were moving into a new epoch where were going to have to change some of our thinking. So when did this new park begin satellites began tracking sea levels only a few decades ago to more fully map this trend oceanographers and could down and off embarked on a search for old data. As merely the 1st sea level measurements dates back to the 17th century and. Since the mid eightys hundreds there have been around 70 or 80 tie gauges around the world that allow us to assess the change in sea level to claim. One of these pages is on heligoland off the northern coast of gemini since 885. 00 the tide gauge there has been taking continuous measurements that wealth of data is held in a special archive in the town of turning in nose in gemini. For researches such troves of data around the only way to determine whether the recent rise in Mean Sea Levels is simply and natural fluctuation all part of a longer term trend that data is clear i Mean Sea Levels have been rising since the 19th century and more recently the pace has changed. And it has gone to sea level started rising more quickly at the end of the 19th century. Initially by around the one millimeter per year after the 960. 00 s. And seventys so that trend accelerated reaching the current 3 millimeters per year i mean we meet up with oil. I. Mean sea levels have risen by almost 20 centimeters into the turn of the 20th century. But that is a global mean which can vary widely from region to region. In new york city for example sea levels rose 30 centimeters during that same time frame. In. An email on trident sea levels do not rise evenly like when i fill this paddling pool. Water masses are distributed around the world by ocean circulation winds blow the water from one side to another and redistribute it as a result sea levels rise on one side but are lower on the other the miracle should be up there on the ocean currents and wind pushed masses of water against the coasts causing variations in sea levels and the earth itself is also moving under our feet some coastlines are rising while others a sinking new york city for example is located in an area that sinking that contributes another one millimeter a year to the rise in sea levels in sweden meanwhile the land mass is rising by almost one centimeter per year. On our use of all of these processes mean that regional sea levels can differ significantly from the global mean operation come. About its the global Mean Sea Level that forms the Reference Point to assess changes across time and place. And as live a man studies the impact of Climate Change on the worlds oceans hes a coauthor of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or i. P. C. C. Reports the Gold Standard survey of Climate Science issued every 5 years. Weve only recently begun projecting the rise in sea levels. A long time we couldnt say how much it was increasing by. Predicting sea levels is one of the key challenges facing scientists today projections of future Global Warming have grown increasingly sophisticated but when it comes to sea levels this kind of modeling is still in its infancy for towns and cities on the coasts reliable predictions are a matter of final importance. Our last record was the 1st to include projections for the rising sea levels expert we said we cant provide a worst Case Scenario only the most likely scenario which leaves a lot of scope for uncertainty just. One of the factors explaining the rise in sea levels is comparatively easy to quantify water expands as it warms a process called thermal expansion the 2nd factor could soon become the driving force the loss of ice. For researches melting ice is a confounding factor as more ice melts they have to revise their projections upwards the i. P. C. C. Is most pessimistic estimate predicts a rise of 110. 00 centimeters by the end of the century but even that projection has been called into doubt. We dont really know what the worst Case Scenario might look like this and that we all see that. Most people dont realize. The long. Pony. So if you look at harding. To make honey mass similar to most mass. What youll see has we start off by in the middle lower the sides and the honey from the middle is flowing to the edges so that honey in the middle is deforming under what we call gravity driving stress and the honey is trying to float. The ice is flow velocity will decide the fate of the ice sheet covering greenland the more that velocity increases the more of greenlands ice mass will be lost to the ocean. Greenlands ice cap is gigantic. Taken together it encompasses about 2700000 gigatons of ice until 1990 the ice mass was fairly stable. This in the past 20 years greenland has lost an average of 266. 00 gigatons of ice a year contributing to a rise of 0. 7 millimeters per year if the ice were to melt sea levels would rise by more than 7 meters. William colgan is on the ground tracking developments in greenland if enough snow were to fall further inland losing so much ice to the sea would not be such a problem. But this. Area. That is just. That is delta star condition at. Greenland has the worlds 2nd largest ice sheet half a century ago measurements taken by scientists in the northwest of the country showed that fresh snow kept adding new layers none of it melted. To assess whether that is changed in recent decades William Colgan and his cause. Or extracting ice cause any changes could have a profound impact on greenlands ice cap the team examines the cause for any signs of dense ice which could only be 2 to melted snow. The most powerful influence for finding from the ice course is that when we look at today we see every year the snow is interrupted by this hard thick layer where the snow has melted in the frozen this hard clear ice. About 25 percent of the fresh snow that had been replenishing the ice for thousands of years is now melting that could set off a feedback loop that would threaten a key aspect of the ice sheet its thickness. So you picture the ice sheet sort of and this is the ground here she has this shape its high the center low at the sides so as the. Begins to melt. It gets slower and as it gets slower its moving dale into warmer layers of the atmosphere is called high or low and you get this feedback because if the farther the lower the ice melts to the lower elevation the iceberg problems the more melts the more melts the columns and you get this feedback. Such feedback loops make it difficult for scientists to make accurate projections the heights of the ice sheet is just one factor im not that its come up. If we think about like this is the i should surface. So its relatively refractory generally. About 80 percent of the sunshine that hits the snow surface. But through a variety process see this as the surface becomes darker as the snow angels grows the surface becomes darker. And you go from a surface that used to reflect 80 percent of the sunlight to one that might only reflect now 40 percent of the sunlight and this becomes a feedback because the more sunlight that absorbs the warmer becomes in the darker the color so the darker warmer darker warmer darker warmer creates this positive feedback we call the video feedback loop. As scientists discover more about the feedback loops that effect the ice they have to widen the parameters of that fuel costs. But coastal towns and cities need reliable predictions to prepare for rising sea levels. Then this is a huge if they get it wrong if they miscalculate the future rising sea levels and underestimate the risk of flooding and the cost could be immense. For the venice the accuracy of. Projections is a matter of vital importance parts of the city are less than one meter above the water and as the pace of the Sea Level Rise continues to accelerate flooding has grown more common and venice every centimeter counts. In this moment for the next century then his has a solution. The 1st warning came in 1906 when floodwaters reached a height of nearly 2 meters. Scientists calculated that an extreme event like this would happen only once every 200 years. In venice still decided to take precautions and. Hell surratt hes drew up a plan that would close off the lagoon in an emergency the massive flood barrier was called the movie project. And. Most consists of 78 movable gates fixed to the floor when a high tide to the comes compressed air raises the floodgates the lagoon and the city is separated from the sea construction work began in 2003 and still isnt complete but theres a catch might not be high enough. That i mentioned this system considering the i. P. C. C. Scenarios. In. The late ninetys and we have to consider the worst scenarios 60 centimeters of Sea Level Rise in the next century in the coming weeks and under current projections the sea level is expected to rise more than a meter in this century. In the 5 and a half 1000000000 euro moser project could handle. If. There will be 2 meters of Sea Level Rise will have to go so we have to do Something Else more not all even is the entire coleslaw in the meter in the mediterranean. The latest i. P. C. C. Report says this worst Case Scenario is unlikely but not impossible but to meet a rise in sea levels by 2100 cannot be ruled out if we know house gas emissions are not slashed. If that happens up to 200000000 people could be displaced. Until recently we had no idea that such a swift rise was possible. But now a group of scientists have challenge this is sumption sea levels can change in dynamic fashion at times it can be very sudden. Antarctica and greenland have enough frozen water to raise sea levels by 66 meters. Theres no stimulus really fast the Sea Level Rise after the last ice age took place between 14814400 years ago if you over 400 years global sea levels rose by approximately 60 meters thats 4 meters percent true and incredibly fast increases are in the you got to know the engine for a long time scientists believed that the Antarctic Ice sheet is more stable than greenlands they thought antarctica was just a slumbering giant that occasionally discharged an iceberg into the sea. Sea currents carried the icebergs along the same bridge through what is called the iceberg alley towards chile as they approach warmer waters they melt. That patton gave polish scientist mike veba an idea if he could count how many icebergs have traveled through this alley in the past he could calculate how much ice antarctica stands to lose. They vowed to find a key to unlock the past a past thats not too way at the bottom of the Antarctic Ocean as the depths of more than 3000 meters. Icebergs contain debris as they melt this rock and soil fulls to the seabed and forms a layer of sediment the daybreak can be measured in core samples extracted from the sediment that allows scientists to calculate the number of icebergs that have traveled in on the particular average. Cost of these niklaus and weve dated the biggest event to 14600 years ago that was a period when sea levels rose by 60 meters in about 400 years under 15 is. The sediment cause tell the story. During certain phases the slumbering giant can awaken and the rate of ice loss can soar one can fall from the can and be here we can see phases like here where there is very little sediment and here these are stable phases in the ice sheet they occur in both cold and warm periods during what is called the glaciation there are phases where there is quite a bit of ice rafting this debris carried by ice thats this period 14 and a half 1000 years ago that the drill calls show that sea levels do not always rise its a slow and steady rate there have been dynamic phases in the past are we now at the beginning of such a phase whats happening in the antarctic has scientists worried in just 6 years the ice snow ice doubled. The ice in the antarctic contains enough water to raise sea levels by 58 minutes is the ice shifts outward towards the sea but is held back by anchor points the policy of the glazier that floats on the sea the ice shelf acts as a down if water temperatures rise by just half a degree celsius the underside of the shelf melts and the tip breaks away and the anchor points rupture and the ice on the continent begins to shift. Does i once thats happened things progress very quickly theres no build up nothing moves and then suddenly everything moves in 10 years its all gone to the end of. Western time to is especially vulnerable and co points are breaking off its an increasing pace huge blocks of ice regularly share away from the ice shelves these floating places dont directly affect sea levels but the loss of these anchors is causing ice in the end to lose its grip. Mention the matter from also when humans always believe we can take action and change whats happening but this is like watching a bullet in slow motion and once the bullet has been fired it keeps moving until it hits something theres no way of reversing it escaped other kinds docking as upon once this process is underway its irreversible over many centuries for feeding on. The idea that there will be. Theres this legend of atlantis the mythical sunken city what that brought out about some people believe that atlantis might have been in indonesia. Thats what i believe to. Carrie andreas is a geologist at the university of bando on the nose and coast of the island of java hes studying a rise in sea levels far outstrips the global mean. According to his calculations the water in some coastal locations like here in pick a long gun is rising by more than 20 centimeters a year. Thats more than global Mean Sea Levels rose during the entire 20th century. Local residents have been raising their homes and the roads every 5 years by a full meter people who cant afford to raise their homes have to abandon them and move inland to. People who have just a little money managed to raise just the floors of their homes but that creates its own problems. This local resident tells harry andrus that hes lived here all his life or more so yeah. Hes had to raise the floor of his house 3 times already due to flooding. The floor of his house is slowly approaching the ceiling was. Down. To a much lower over time the interior of this house will get lower and lower until it becomes impossible to stand up straight to the view that a whole lot of support. For years scientists truckle to explain why indonesias sea levels are rising so quickly the global mean is currently just over 3 millimeters per year in this part of Southeast Asia however sea levels can rise up to 8 millimeters per year. Winds and sea currents play a role since they push large masses of water up against the coast. But that can explain only a fraction of what people here in indonesia dealing with another factor has to be involved and to the surprise of many. Has nothing to do with the see. All. Here in the news and there will be believe installed a number of gauges here in indonesia all these models have been in operation since 2000. And 12 what are they but they relay their data on an hourly basis back to our colleagues in potsdam germany and to our indonesian partners in the data shows that the entire country is sinking by 11 centimeters every year its intimate on. The measuring water levels was not enough to solve the mystery as it turned out monitoring changes to the land was also necessary that showed that the sea level was also rising because the land mass is sinking a phenomenon called subsidence. The dense this dive on ice in foreign substance means the sinking of land and normally refers to coastal regions every house built here has a well beneath it to access the groundwater as will blame is done that becomes a problem because this water is missing from the subsoil a sand that is collected in the river deltas against a compress and as the volume of the sand decreases the land begins to subside. And. In the summer of 2019 the indonesian government announced plans to move the official capital from jakarta to Higher Ground for coastal engineers to conjure as an example of what could happen if sea levels rise drastically. So all 3 actually see here is hollow high the water level actually is because of the subsiding so this land in comparison with their surrounding infrastructure. Their real world is almost passing municipality through the water it has really raised with almost 70 centimeters several years ago but you cannot continue to raise this kind of railroad for several meters because a train cannot climb it needs actually a lot of distance to climb and to go down. Around the world Coastal Protection specialists from the netherlands are often. Called in for advice they are masters in flood control. Their counterparts in indonesia also looking for answers and time is running out if a solution is not found quickly North Jakarta could soon be submerged. That would threaten the livelihoods of millions of people and have a profound impact on the stability of the entire country. What we see here is the cultural protection guy to improve the flood safety for your crop for the next 10 or 20 years they want to. Hear these walls fail then ya want to see water would flow in. And it would. Go kamin several kilometers into her departure of. The speed at which the carter is vanishing underwater should serve as a wake up call for the rest of the world Climate Change is not the only cause of these problems but it is exacerbating them as an unprecedented pace. Around the world societies will be forced to adapt. New york city has also been working on plans for a flood Defense System the project has sparked fierce debate and one issue is critics point out is that the planned barrier would primarily benefit manhattan home to the citys financial district while thats a 10. 00 to 20000000000. 00 project. And guess who does it protect protect wall street largely and yes a few 100000 people left and. Then of course the Banking Industry loves to be protected. In body would love to be protected too so does wall street get priority over the rockaways portions of queens there are a lot of poor people left. I could into i. P. C. C. Estimates by 2051 1000000000 people will be living in low lying coastal areas. Amended to start a sinister coastal and flood protection always involves a cost benefit analysis. If rising sea levels continually drive up costs well have to ask ourselves whether its worth protecting specific regions or whether we should let them go to give you dolphin. Robert nichols is a leading expert in a new field of research how communities and societies can adapt to rising sea levels in. His native britain has already come to a difficult conclusion some coastal communities will have to be abandoned as it will be too expensive to protect them in. A stronger season sure most plans for 500 kilometers of defenses are expected to be abandoned for the coming through from 50 to 100 years and that really need some places people use communities having to be relocated inland. Those are the boats here on the roof and no time pulls them on the south coast of england will experience more flooding in the future the only long Term Solution seems to be abandoning the village. Communities with more resources will be in a better position to protect. Themselves and to relocate if need be. People in poorer communities will be hardest hit by rising sea levels. Unlike britain in germany there are no plans for communities to prove themselves coastal preservation is anchored in the countrys constitution so all 3700 kilometers of coastline around to protection in northern germany 3000000 people are potentially at risk from rising sea levels. Which is in charge of Coastal Management in the state of she has been charged im. Done exe in this region are supposed to last until the sentrys and that means taking into account a very uncertain future. For but the best thing we can do to prepare is to cover a wide range of possible developments and sea levels seem. That include sea levels that are far higher than what is currently projected. In the German Coastal engineers and planners have made a virtue of necessity theyve designed a dike that could withstand even the i. P. C. C. S worst Case Scenario and if need be the dike could even be razed a huge dike like this takes a lot of space fortunately thats in ample supply here a barge up immediately and assume that the dike were standing on can withstand a 50 centimeters Sea Level Rise over the next 100 years. If the increase is more than 50 centimeters its future generations would be able to add a cap on the diet you are on a couple of sets and. That would allow it to withstand up to another one and a half meters of water. But with that extra cap be enough. How long will such protective measures be effective. Are they not just prolonging the inevitable. And. I think adaptation in many ways is always about bullying told no adaptation to last for ever so you build a wall in 50 years and your children will have to make a decision do they rebuild the wall or do they maybe give up on the wall the sick flood. And. Projections for rising sea levels usually end of the year 2100 and so do the protective measures based on them anything beyond that is too uncertain. But the oceans have no regard for human timescales they will continue to rise past the turn of the century and transform the map of the world as we know it. If no measures are taken entire cities will have to be abandoned the coming generations would have no choice but to accommodate to this new reality. You know those who leave you just as we remember the ancient greeks for the concept of democracy 2000 years from now will be remembered as the people who caused rising sea levels in military and triple as i know its the face of the ice sheets in greenland and antarctica lies in our hands. Global warming has already set our planet on a destructive course. Thats why its not the one thing we can affect now is the pace of change and where it ends if we dont protect the climate if we dont change course and we could see temperatures rise by 5 degrees celsius by the end of the century and sea levels would rise even more if you more than 10 meters. Ted i see not a popular coastal vacation city in italy. 2 but how are things there this year though the hotel and Restaurant Owners are concerned the corona restrictions have led to fewer guests and higher costs its not the only place on the Italian Riviera thats facing challenges and. The focus on her. And 30 minutes w. Goodbyes sausage and a low veggie. Main changes are underway in the food industry. Our major Food Companies changing to meet new demand. For a less may consumption really help the environment. Join us as we explore the deacon germany. Made in germany. 90 minutes on d w. Is nor what do they dream of at night. As cleaners they see the face of horror. Their job censoring for the social media industry. In manila there are thousands of socalled content monitors to take they screw up terrifying images from online platforms. Are risk jobs for starvation wage the strain it is enormous. The cleaners social media shadow industry starts in 2 minutes on d. W. This is g. W. News and these are our top stories a Memorial Service has been held in minneapolis for george floyd who died in Police Custody last week u. S. President donald trump has been widely criticized for threatening to send in the military to stamp out the civil unrest which has swept the country since floyds death