Also go to indonesia where that citron river is clogged with Plastic Waste. These floating barriers are designed to help fish it out but are they really the answer to the pollution problem. Gamest take on a only human players still have a chance in this context. Our oceans are in constant motion not only due to the toilets but also to currents that carry water around the planet and critically influence the global climate. An important element of this socalled global Conveyor Belt is the countless small whirlpools that form on the surface of the water. Researches akim to study them from. And the usual frontage point. 3 ships. And airplanes. And zeppelin were that would seattle clockwork ocean is the most ambitious expedition the book bash Equities International team of 40 oceanographers have ever undertaken. If they want to explore small ocean edginess that range in diameter from 100 meters to 10 kilometers. Scientists have only started to focus on these will to seize in the last 10 years with the help of computer models how do they interact with the major ocean currents how do they influence life in the oceans and the global climate. The clockwork ocean expedition started 3 years ago without the ash if the mission would have been impossible. The Research Site is in the baltic sea between the islands of bornholm and was a dome from that airborne lab the scientists try to detect small ocean eddies over a 10 day periods. Forced to roast and we were pretty excited before we got started weve spent many years preparing and theres a great sense of anticipation we really dont know where the vortices are and whether we will even find one in the circle and has a major advantage in that you can actually park it above the vortex and have it in view of the entire time that way we can observe processes that develop in the space of a few minutes in all or intensity. For the eddy hunters each day is exciting will they detect Something Interesting the ash it floats about 300 meters above the waters surface from this height you can barely see the foresees with the naked eye but its an infrared camera. Detects much more it scans the surface of the water at 100. 00 images the 2nd and measures the water temperature. The data allows the scientists to track the votes of scenes. Here at the institute of Coastal Research in the northern german town of taft the special cameras attested before each Mission Today the research is a setting up a High Performance infrared camera above a water based and to demonstrate its potential. It provides a far highest Spatial Resolution than comparable satellite images that we can detect very small temperature differences just 0. 03 degrees. Book up a shake demonstrates hes in his hand when he holds it above the water the surface warms up slightly the light blue hand on the right side of the infrared image indicates the heat reflection on the wood to surface but what is the significance of such minimal differences in temperature you do to every variation in temperature or salt content cause a small differences in density and therefore areas of high and low pressure it works just like in the atmosphere where you get a current going from a High Pressure area to a low pressure one that way the sea begins to move. Theres also movement in the basin the vortex jewels colder water from the deep las upwards as a result the surface of the vortex in the camera image turns dark blue. In the sea the small eddies also seem to bring colder more nutrient rich water towards the surface this 10 boosts the growth of tiny algae these are not only an important food soules for a large a marine species they also produce about hans of the oxygen that we breathe. Back in the 2nd. Before we found a 4 checks 3 kilometers wide 0. 5 degrees difference will be flying there right away. Its going to have the 1st sign of bacteria on the water surface. Theyve got to move for quickly because of or text like this and the lasts for about 6 hours the scientists want to take samples from all measurements theyre interested in the cell to oxygen content the temperature and the concentration of algae in the well will. The data is then compared with the information from the yeah is that the in can park above the 4 checks for hours during one flight the oceanographers were able to record some very special data. Was given at all normally you only see the vortex once its formed but this time it was maybe 20 meters across at the beginning so we could really watch how it grew in the end there were 3 eddies that we then measured very closely it was the 1st time that we could observe a vortex over its entire lifetime. Initial analyses supported the research his hypothesis the small voices sees transport the cold water upwards along with its nutrients and so really do influence the growth of important marine microbiology. Wasnt possible were discovering many other mysterious things that we still cannot explain the fascination with the unknown is what drives you to learn more but still new questions arise and being able to find some answers to them over time is fascinating. Book up nashik hopes to continue the research with the help of the zeppelin with the flying laboratory hes made major contributions to the success of the complex ocean mission. Ocean currents also transport Plastic Waste all around the globe even depositing it deep on the seabed. An estimated 8000000. 00 tons of plastic a year end up in our oceans the equivalent of a truckload every minute. Much of this plastic comes from polluted rivers which wash it into the sea. Flowing south of bomb dong city the tonto population of over 2000000. 00 is one of the longest rivers in java the chitta room. In the early 1980 s. This was a tropical paradise but by 2013 an Environmental Organization deemed one of the most polluted rivers in the world. Waste water is discharged into it along with toxic chemicals from textile factories and fast quantities of mainly plastic garbage. The name of the chooser room her room program is to clean up the river the indonesian government wants its water to be drink a bill by 2025 the military is playing a key role in the initiative. We meet march cost unhitch the german entrepreneurs founded a startup called plastic fisher together with colonel joe doe theyre inspecting a prototype of the trash barriers or booms as they call them that will be installed in the river. These sectors are built because of the program. Initiative to clean up the town that was once called the worlds polluters river and the president himself ordered to clean up this river with more than 1400. 00 soldiers of the army we Work Together with them here in this sector to make their work a bit more efficient because they are going with the boat every day in this water to pick up all the trash that is flushed by the rain into the water so our goal is to build solutions from locally available materials to ensure its cheap its can be repaired at any time and build quickly and so we came up with the idea to deploy one of these trash bins here these are physical barriers they are floating there around 60 centimeters steve and will catch all of the waste that is floating on in the 1st 60 centimeters of the water. Still the challenge remains enormous the trash boom prototype is quickly overloaded on any given day there are about 2000 tons of plastic in the cheetah room. What with indonesias steep population growth an inadequate Waste Management systems waste from millions of households ends of washed by a tributaries into the cheese a room every day. This is the new river basically brings all the waste from the city of london into the cheetah in reverse so this is why the us officials plan to put in a huge trash from over there around 50 meters long that you can walk on and it will block all the waste that is right now flowing into the town river. Overwhelming is the problem may seem progress is being made in the last 2 years thousands of tons of waste have been fished out of the river. But the mammoth task of cleaning it up requires the support of local communities and networks. Plastic fishers cofounder more chills is visiting rammed down his mantle in his workshop hes checking in on the construction of a large trash boom that will be installed in the chicken. Ramadan belongs to the precious Plastic Network which is 40000 Members Around the world all working on projects that tackle Plastic Waste activists ram down on the plastic fish or entrepreneurs met through the network morgan says pleased with how construction is progressing but 1st the steel wire part will be in the water and reports. On every spot of its always 2 barrels. Of 200. 00 just each and we have to voice your balls. To. So you can really create pressure of it. The barrels are source mainly from textile factories recycling materials from local businesses that would otherwise be discarded as a cornerstone of the project. Crunch time the 1st of 13 large trash booms designed to stop waste from the chick a pond on washing up in the cheetah room is ready to be installed to galvanise construction is fitted with a bamboo platform but will it actually float. Oh yeah. So this will be our solution for a very heavy floating rivers that carry a lot of waste so i think if we prove that it works in there we can put it basically everywhere slippery the trash boom is put into position now its time for the acid test but not until the start of the rainy season when the barricades will have to contend with stronger currents and tons and tons of garbage but the plastic fish or team is optimistic where theres a will there may be a way to clean up the cheese a room ok thank you. And me and 9 percent of all plastic ever produced has been recycled. One time that is especially hard to recycle is made of mixed plastics. And thats a shame because packaging constitutes the largest parts of plastic uppish. And whats particularly tragic is that much of it gets thrown away together with unused food. Around a 3rd of the food produced worldwide is thrown away thats 1300000000. 00 tons each year. If we didnt waste such a huge amount our world would look very different. None of the 900000000 people who dont have enough to eat today would have to go hungry. In fact of all that food werent lost wed have enough to feed 12000000000 people. The climate would benefit to just growing in producing all the food that ends up getting thrown away currently generates 3300000000. 00 tons of Greenhouse Gases per year. That means food waste comes in just behind the worlds 2 leading c o 2 emitted hers china and the u. S. By curbing our food wastage wed also greatly reduce water shortages across our planet if we presently use 250 cubic kilometers of water every year just to produce the food we throw away thats about 4 times as much as the yearly public Water Supplies in the entire United States saving it would give us about a quarter more water available for irrigation worldwide and wed need a 3rd less farmland to in fact an area almost the size of russia could be given over to rain forests and other ecosystems which in turn would protect many thousands experiences from becoming extinct. And by wasting less meat we kill fewer animals in germany alone around 230000. 00 cattle would be. Beard slaughter each year worldwide it would be several 1000000. If we start throwing away food the world could be a better place its in our hands. If outlet is read why are they bad only been made. Because you have a science question senate in as a video text ovoid square if we answer it on the show youll get a little surprise as a thank you. Come on just ask. To find us by going to our website d. W. Dot com slash science. Or drop us a line on twitter and facebook. Now body has some amazing abilities to regenerate our skin cells do for example. And our hair keeps on growing no matter how often we cut it. The same goes for our fingernails of the eye in 1000 rhea sent in a question about that. How do our nails grow the answer is continually so keeping them short is a lifelong task. Different people do the job in different ways. Nails make evolutionary sense even though they dont always look like they do they protect the ends of our fingers and toes from injury. And they serve as tools. All primates have nails. And use them to grab things or slip them open. Or pick. Or scratch. But back to the question of how the nails grow lets take a look at their structure. This is the nail plate it consists of a tough horn like substance called keratin and separates from the nail bed at the fingertips that end of the nail is called the distal edge. At the other end of the nail plate is the crescent shaped munoz and the needle falls with a nail emerges from under the skin. And then well fold are part of whats known as the nail me tricks the matrix continually produces new cells that become the new york plate and pushes the rest of the nail toward the destroy ledge. This way the nail keeps growing at a rate of around 3 millimeters per month but thats just an average weight studies have shown that the males of the thumb and the pinky tend to grow less rapidly than the neo of the middle finger. And as we age or if we have Certain Health conditions male growth overall tends to slow down. The world is becoming ever more digitalized and automated Driverless Cars are a good example. We asked you on facebook what tasks will ai take over in the future more human still be indispensable for some jobs. Per se says human manual labor will be needed less and less due to automation because Everyone Wants to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of production. Sez he things only priests are indispensable. Brown by contrast doesnt think humans are dispensable since robots cant create themselves. Via reminds us that we once thought wed have flying cars by the year 2000 but we still waiting for them at the same goes for robots thanks for those candidates. Its true that robots and artificial in. Penitents are still far from perfect. And often the capabilities of robots are limited to taking to task but they are Getting Better and better at those tasks especially when compared to humans. Now lets take a look at how Artificial Intelligence school when it comes to gaming. On the 11th of may 997. 00 Gary Kasparov played a chess match against i. B. M. Supercomputer deep blue the world chess champion said he was defending the owner of the human race against the rise of Artificial Intelligence and then he lost for the 1st time a computer had beaten a human grandmaster under tournament conditions its a shouldn new era. Come the owner of humanity which has spiraled gambled on be saved in most areas of computers superior to humans and well lately. Stefan heidecker good does research on ai systems munichs Technical University games help him understand and develop some basic mechanisms. He can tell us why deep blue was able to defeat caspar off more than 20 years ago even though ai was only in its early stages than. It already has one up but when i look at the chessboard i can see everything thats important for this game i can see all the figures i know exactly where they are. Theoretically the computer can predict all possible moves in the future to see which ones win and which ones dont this works to a certain extent as long as not too many moves into the future and this direct calculation can be done much better by computers than by humans and a computer but. Today Artificial Intelligence is superior in games that work im predicting and evaluating as many moves as possible based on Information Available to all players so called perfect information in march 26th in the Computer Program alpha go beat one of the worlds best go players lisa doll from south korea so much for humanitys owner in those kinds of games. But what about games like poker that require empathy and psychology as well as mathematical ability. For a long time it was considered impossible for ai to be humans at poker because it differs from games like chess in several respects. And as i put it on the one hand some cards are hidden which means each player only sees their own cards and not whats in the other players and that means there are significantly more options when it comes to the state of play also there are more than 2 players in a 2 player setting whats good for me is bad for you but thats not the case with multiple players were 2 players can team up and put a 3rd under pressure under 3rd and most important thing is the psychological component its long been considered impossible for a computer to recognize when a player is bluffing or not. Then in 119 scientists achieved the unthinkable. In a long time test the program overcame 5 human opponents in poker. But has a i really managed to imitate and interpret Human Behavior. Yet subject also turns out that Artificial Intelligence doesnt need to recognize whether a human player is bluffing its enough to simply play such a perfect defensive strategy that you cant be attacked yourself and that suffices to be better even than human professional players that you mentioned is. In fact in this case a i didnt imitate Human Behavior but rather did want to compete to does best optimally calculating its own chances we humans are still world champions at poker. Ever ive done. That. But it seems its only a matter of time before algorithms learn patterns of Human Behavior. Are there no games where Artificial Intelligence is doomed to fail. An International Team of researchers believe they found such a game its called magic the gathering. And this trading card game to play is jewel with a selection of cards theyve put together in advance. The basic mechanism is simple both players ultimately attack each other with creatures or spells until one runs out of lives or until they run out of cards. The special feature cards can change the properties of other cards and also reprogram the rules of the game. There are now over 20000 different magic cards that can influence and change each other. A lot of business has recently been proven that this game is turing complete that means teaching a computer to play this game optimally would be tantamount to teaching a computer to Program Computers in general. Computer. Researchers were able to show that even in a magic jewel with selected cards and forced me a computer cannot always calculate who wins programming a solution in advance for all possible combinations of the 20000 different cards is practically impossible. In order to win against a human ai needs to adapt to new situations that it has not previously been taught and needs to be creative. Artificial intelligence is still a long way away from the us. Thanks to magic the owner of the human race remains intact for a while longer at least. Thats it for today join us again next week for more science stories from around the world. Well be finding out how research can contribute to our future as a Global Society see them. The full. Right sound. Of. The song i. Watch for a misspent nor money. Dot com i am calling the dog cart cause or how sounds determined by me in germany. In 30 minutes on d. W. Hey listen. Thats what video game music sounded like 30 years ago. Todays tracks take the experience to another level place im still him. Talk impose a no bull boycotts are. Featured in many well known games his music is bound to give you comes from sounds good. In 75 minutes on d w. One the rises cities will sink into the sea. Entire stretches of land will be abandoned. When the water. Stopped its happening faster than anticipated. Massive sprinklers are supposed to prevent flooding but they only delay the inevitable. How will we live in the future. 66 meters rising sea levels from stars june 5th on d w. This state of emergency is the new normal. People around the world are documenting these dramatic times. Theyre keeping the corona diary. And welcoming us into. Their lives get as up close and personal as the pandemic will allow. Diaries starts maintained on g. W. This is the news and these are our top stories. The u. S. Governments top adviser on Infectious DiseasesDr Anthony Fauci has warned that reopening the economy too soon could cause of voidable suffering and death he made the comments via video link during a Senate Hearing on the risk of a fresh outbreak